Lecture 1

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

Course Code CSG2003

COURSE OUTCOMES

At the end of this course students will be able to

 Understanding of the Basics of Human Computer Interaction
 Understanding of the design techniques for individuals and disable
persons.
 Understanding of techniques and theories for construction of software
system.
 Understanding of the progress and challenges of ubiquitous computing,
augmented realities, virtual reality and visualization.
LIST OF CONTENTS

 Definition of HCI
 The Meteoric Rise of HCI
 HCI the Multidisciplinary field
 Introduction
 Objectives of HCI
 Evolution of HCI
 Input Output Channels
 Conclusion
 Questions & Answers
 Quiz/Assignment
DEFINITION OF HCI

Human-Computer Interaction is an interdisciplinary field of study interested in the

design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive technology. Since Human-
Computer Interaction studies the interaction between humans and computers, it is
associated with the study fields such as human behavior, psychology, cognitive
science, computer science, and software engineering as well as ergonomics, graphic
and industrial design, sociology, anthropology, and educational sciences.

HCI consists of three parts: the user, the computer itself, and the ways they work
together.
HCI

 Cognitive science: Cognitive science is the study of the human mind and brain,
focusing on how the mind represents and manipulates knowledge and how
mental representations and processes are realized in the brain.
 Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically,
and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external
stimuli throughout their life. Behavior is driven by genetic and environmental
factors that affect an individual.
 Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychologists
are actively involved in studying and understanding mental processes, brain
functions, and behavior.
 Industrial design is a process of design applied to physical products that
are to be manufactured by mass production
ANTHROPOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN
SOCIETIES AND CULTURES. CULTURE IS THE LEARNED BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE,
INCLUDING THEIR LANGUAGES, BELIEF SYSTEMS, SOCIAL STRUCTURES,
INSTITUTIONS, AND MATERIAL GOODS
 THE METEORIC RISE OF HCI

In 1980s personnel computing has been introduced like a machine as Apple, IBM PC
that started turning up homes and offices in society, at very first time few electronic
systems were available for general consumers for uses like word processors, games
units and accounting aids.

From its origins, HCI would expand to incorporate multiple disciplines, such as
computer science, cognitive science and human-factors engineering.
INTRODUCTION TO HCI

HCI soon became the subject of intense academic investigation. Those who
studied and worked in HCI saw it as a crucial instrument to popularize the
idea that the interaction between a computer and the user should resemble a
human-to-human, open-ended dialogue. Initially, HCI researchers focused on
improving the usability of desktop computers (i.e., practitioners concentrated
on how easy computers are to learn and use).
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION

 Early computer (e.g. ENIAC, 1946) − Improvement in the H/W technology brought
massive increase in computing power. People started thinking on innovative ideas.
 Visual Display Unit (1950s) − SAGE (semi-automatic ground environment), an air
defense system of the USA used the earliest version of VDU.
 Development of the Sketchpad (1962) − Ivan Sutherland developed Sketchpad and
proved that computer can be used for more than data processing.
 Douglas Engelbart introduced the idea of programming toolkits (1963) − Smaller
systems created larger systems and components.
 Introduction of Word Processor, Mouse (1968) − Design of online System.
 Introduction of personal computer Dynabook (1970s) − Developed smalltalk at Xerox
PARC.
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION CONT…

• Direct Manipulation introduced by Ben Schneiderman (1982) − First used in

Apple Mac PC (1984) that reduced the chances for syntactic errors.
• Computer Supported Cooperative Work (1990’s) − Computer-mediated
communication.
• WWW (1989) − The first graphical browser (Mosaic) came in 1993.
OBJECTIVES OF HCI

The intention of HCI is to learn the ways of designing user-friendly interfaces

or interactions. Considering which, we will learn the following −

• Ways to design and access interactive systems.

• Ways to reduce design time through the cognitive system and task models.

• Procedures and heuristics for interactive system design.

THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF HCL

Psychology

Cognitive
Writing Skill
Science

Business
HCI Ergonomics

Graphics
Sociology
Design

CSE
 THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF HCL CONT…

 HCI can be used in all disciplines wherever there is a possibility of the computer installation. Some of the areas where HCI can be implemented
with distinctive importance are mentioned below −

• Computer Science −

• This is the core, one needs to have proper knowledge of computer science fundaments to bring HCI with efficiency.

• Psychology & Cognitive Science −

• Here one needs to have sufficient knowledge of Human tendency/nature/behavior in order to develop new things with that requirement.

• Sociology −

• How different ages/natures of people behave to each other. Understanding of Societal needs, functions, and structure.

• Industrial Design −
• For interactive products like mobile phones, microwave ovens, etc.
THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF HCL CONT…

Ergonomics:-
One will study the human body gesture so that humans can interact with the
machine more smoothly and efficiently for a longer period of time to enhance
productivity.
Business:-
To reach your product maximum to its users for realizing users experience.
Graphics Designer:-
GUI should be easy to understand and learn so that one can able to use it without
any training.
Writing Skills:-
Manual designing is one of the essential parts of product development so that
anyone can easily understand to operate something by reading the manual.
HUMAN INPUT/OUTPUT CHANNELS

The output of humans will the input for the

Machine & Output of the Machine will be the Input
for Human The output.
INPUT/OUTPUT CHANNELS CONT.
INPUT/OUTPUT IN HUMAN
INPUT SENSES IN HUMAN BODY
INTERACTION WITH COMPUTER USING
INPUT SENSE
VISION-THE EYE
VISION-THE EYE CONT..
VISION-THE EYE CONT..
INPUT SENSES IN HUMAN BODY

 SIGHT [EYES]:-
 Humans receive most of the information through sight [What to
appear on Screen?]
SIGHT

Visual Angel Visual Acuity

VISION CLARITY & ANGLE
 VISION ACUITY

 This is the ability of a person to perceive the final details of any object,
following two conditions occurred the problem with Visual Acuity.

1. When an object is very small in size or when it is located at some distance

location that time Visual Acuity is not working properly. That would be a
big problem for designers and developers.

2. Font size should be readable otherwise the problem of Visual Acuity will
get occurred.
VISION CLARITY CONT..
VISUAL ILLUSION
VISUAL ILLUSION CONT…
VISUAL ILLUSION CONT..
VISUAL ILLUSION CONT.
 VISUAL ILLUSION

The Ponzo Illusion

an optical illusion in
which two identical figures
are made to appear of
different sizes because of
the effect of perspective
ILLUSION CONT..
ILLUSION CONT..
HEARING
PROCESSING SOUND CONT..
TOUCH
TOUCH PROCESS
TOUCH PROCESS CONT..
TOUCH PROCESS CONT..
TWO POINT THRESHOLD TEST
TWO POINT THRESHOLD TEST
REALTIME SCENARIO
REALTIME SCENARIO
REALTIME SCENARIO
EFFECTORS
EFFECTORS CONT..
CONCLUSION

Session Covered following Contents:-

 HCI and its various disciplines.

 Fundamentals of HCI with various terminologies.
 Various Types of Input/output sense in the Human Body and their role in HCI.
CLASS ACTIVITY 1

 Write a survey paper on “Human-Computer Interaction in Web-Based

Systems”/Robotics/AI-ML/
 Write a survey paper on HCI.( time duration 15 days)
 Sinha, G., Shahi, R., & Shankar, M. (2010, November). Human computer
interaction. In 2010 3rd International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Technology (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
 Recent developments on HCI into robotics/ AR-VR/…….many more
Question, please?
 QUESTIONS

 Apply HCI, cognitive science and visual design to create great user experiences and interaction
design.
 Understand the guides and rules of HCI, as well as the laws and tools of UX.
 How to design a mobile app using practical user experience (UX) skills, interaction design (IxD) and,
HCI theory.
 Identify the cognitive science principles and design theory which underline good visual design.
 how HCI relates to fields like user experience design, user interface design, human factors
engineering, and psychology.