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Functions, Notes

A function in mathematics is a relation that assigns each input exactly one output, with key concepts including domain, codomain, and range. Various types of functions exist, such as one-to-one, onto, and linear functions, and they can be combined through operations like addition and composition. Functions are widely used in modeling relationships across fields like physics and economics, and further study can explore advanced topics related to functions.

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14 views2 pages

Functions, Notes

A function in mathematics is a relation that assigns each input exactly one output, with key concepts including domain, codomain, and range. Various types of functions exist, such as one-to-one, onto, and linear functions, and they can be combined through operations like addition and composition. Functions are widely used in modeling relationships across fields like physics and economics, and further study can explore advanced topics related to functions.

Uploaded by

xisot56886
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Functions: A Concise Summary

Main Idea: A function, in mathematics, is a relation between a set of inputs and a


set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly
one output. This fundamental concept underpins much of higher mathematics.

Key Concepts:

Domain: The set of all possible input values (often denoted as 'x').
Codomain: The set of all possible output values (often denoted as 'y').
Range: The subset of the codomain containing the actual output values produced
by the function.
Mapping: The process of assigning each input value to its unique output value.
This is often represented visually using arrow diagrams or graphs.
Function Notation: Functions are typically represented using notation like f(x)
= y, where 'f' is the function name, 'x' is the input, and 'y' is the output.

Types of Functions:

One-to-one (Injective): Each input maps to a unique output, and no two inputs
map to the same output.
Onto (Surjective): Every element in the codomain is mapped to by at least one
element in the domain.
Bijective: A function that is both one-to-one and onto. These functions have
inverses.
Linear Functions: Functions of the form f(x) = mx + b, where 'm' is the slope
and 'b' is the y-intercept.
Polynomial Functions: Functions that are sums of power functions (e.g., f(x) =
x² + 2x + 1).
Exponential Functions: Functions where the variable is in the exponent (e.g.,
f(x) = 2ˣ).
Logarithmic Functions: The inverse functions of exponential functions.

Function Operations:

Functions can be combined using various operations:

Addition: (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)


Subtraction: (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)
Multiplication: (f * g)(x) = f(x) * g(x)
Division: (f / g)(x) = f(x) / g(x) (provided g(x) ≠ 0)
Composition: (f ∘ g)(x) = f(g(x))

Graphs of Functions:

The graph of a function provides a visual representation of the relationship


between inputs and outputs. Key features of graphs include intercepts, slopes,
asymptotes, and extrema.

Applications of Functions:

Functions are ubiquitous in mathematics and its applications. They are used to
model relationships in various fields, including physics, engineering, economics,
and computer science. Examples include modeling projectile motion, describing
population growth, and representing algorithms.

Further Exploration:
This summary provides a foundational understanding of functions. Further study
should delve into more advanced topics such as limits, derivatives, integrals, and
sequences and series, all of which build upon the fundamental concept of a
function. Exploring different types of functions and their properties will provide
a deeper understanding of their applications. The study of inverse functions and
their properties is also crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

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