1.

Evaluation of expression

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

Void main()

int x,y,z,w;

float s;

clrscr();

printf("enter the values of x,y,z,w...");

scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z,&w);

s=((x+y)^2*(x+z))/w;

printf("the value of s=%f",s);

getch();

}
 2. Temperature conversion problem

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

float fahrenheit, celsius;

printf("Enter Fahrenheit: ");

scanf("%f",&fahrenheit);

celsius = (fahrenheit - 32)*5/9;

printf("Celsius: %f ", celsius);

return 0;

}
 3. Program to convert days to months and days

#include<stdio.h>

main ()

int months, days ;

printf("Enter days") ;

scanf("%d", &days) ;

months = days / 30 ;

days = days % 30 ;

printf("Months = %d Days = %d", months, days) ;

}
 4. maximum of three numbers

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{
int a, b, c;

printf("Enter three numbers: \na: ");

scanf("%d", &a);

printf("b: ");

scanf("%d", &b);

printf("c: ");

scanf("%d", &c);

if (a > b && a > c)

printf("Biggest number is %d", a);

if (b > a && b > c)

printf("Biggest number is %d", b);

if (c > a && c > b)

printf("Biggest number is %d", c);

return 0;

}
5. calculate square root of five numbers (using goto statement)
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<math.h>

void main()

float ans;

int i=2,count=0;

clrscr();

L:

ans=sqrt(i);

printf("The square root of %d is %f",i,ans);

i++;

count++;

if(count<=4)

goto L;

getch();

}
6. program to calculate the salary of an employee
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

int bp1;

float bp,ta,da,tax,tot;

printf("Enter the basic pay");

scanf("%f",&bp);

bp1=bp/10000;

switch(bp1)

case 1:

ta=bp*5/100;

da=bp*3/100;

tax=bp*2/100;

break;

case 2:

ta=bp*7/100;

da=bp*5/100;

tax=bp*3/100;
 break;

case 3:

ta=bp*9/100;

da=bp*7/100;

tax=bp*4/100;

break;

default:ta=bp*10/100;

da=bp*9/100;

tax=bp*5/100;

break;

tot=bp+(ta+da)-tax;

printf("ta=%f \nda=%f \ntax=%f",ta,da,tax);

printf("\n\nTotal is %f",tot);

getch();

}
7. Fibonacci Sequence Up to a Certain Number

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int t1 = 0, t2 = 1, nextTerm = 0, n;

printf("Enter a positive number: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// displays the first two terms which is always 0 and 1

printf("Fibonacci Series: %d, %d, ", t1, t2);

nextTerm = t1 + t2;

while (nextTerm <= n) {

printf("%d, ", nextTerm);

t1 = t2;

t2 = nextTerm;

nextTerm = t1 + t2;

return 0;

}
 8.pascal’s triangle

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int n,c=1,k,i,j;

printf("Enter the number of rows: ");

scanf("%d",&n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

for(k=1;k<=n-i;k++)

printf(" ");

for(j=0;j<=i;j++)

{
 if (j==0||i==0)

c=1;

else

c=c*(i-j+1)/j;

printf("%d ",c);

printf("\n");

return 0;

}
Sorting array in ascending and descending order

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

int main()
{
int a[100],n,i,j, temp;
printf("Array size: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Elements: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d", &a[i]);
}
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)

{
if (a[j] > a[i])
{
tmp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = tmp;
}
}
 }
printf("\n\nAscending : ");

for (i = 0; i < n; i++)

{
printf(" %d ", a[i]);
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
if (a[j] < a[i])
{
tmp = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = tmp;
}
}
}
printf("\n\nDescending : ");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf(" %d ", a[i]);
}

return 0;
getch();
}
 Matrix multiplication

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],mul[10][10],r,c,i,j,k;
system("cls");
printf("enter the number of row=");
scanf("%d",&r);
printf("enter the number of column=");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("enter the first matrix element=\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("enter the second matrix element=\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
printf("multiply of the matrix=\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
mul[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<c;k++)
{
mul[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
//for printing result
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",mul[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
 LowerCase to UpperCase

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main()

char s[100];

int i;

printf("\nEnter a string : ");

gets(s);

for (i = 0; s[i]!='\0'; i++) {

if(s[i] >= 'a' && s[i] <= 'z') {

s[i] = s[i] - 32;

printf("\nString in Upper Case = %s", s);

return 0;

}
Factorial of a Number Using Recursion

#include<stdio.h>
long int fact(int n);
int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, fact(n));
return 0;
}

long int fact(int n)

{
if (n>=1)
return n*fact(n-1);
else
return 1;
}
string operations using switch case in c program
#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void concatenate(char s1[], char s2[])

strcat(s1, s2);

printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", s1);

void compare(char s1[], char s2[]) {

int result = strcmp(s1, s2);

if (result == 0)

printf("Strings are equal\n");

else if (result < 0)

printf("String 1 is less than String 2\n");

else

printf("String 1 is greater than String 2\n");

void length(char s1[]) {

printf("Length of the string: %lu\n", strlen(s1));

}

int main() {

char str1[100], str2[100];

int choice;

printf("Enter the first string: ");

gets(str1);

printf("Enter the second string: ");

gets(str2);

printf("Choose an operation to perform:\n");

printf("1. Concatenate strings\n");

printf("2. Compare strings\n");

printf("3. Find length of first string\n");

scanf("%d", &choice);

switch (choice) {

case 1:

concatenate(str1, str2);

break;

case 2:

compare(str1, str2);

break;

case 3:

length(str1);

break;
 default:

printf("Invalid choice\n");

break;

return 0;

structure Program on Hotel

#include< stdio.h>

#include< string.h>

struct s

char name[40],add[40],grade;

float charge;

int num;

};

void hot1(struct s *ob,char g,int n)

/* this function will display the hotel names of specified grade in order of
charge.*/

int i,j,x=0;

char final[10][40],dummy[40];

float r[10],t;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{

if(g==ob[i].grade)

strcpy(final[x],ob[i].name);

r[x]=ob[i].charge;

x++;

for(i=0;i<x;i++)

for(j=i+1;j<x;j++)

if(r[i]>r[j])

t=r[i];

r[i]=r[j];

r[j]=t;

strcpy(dummy,final[i]);

strcpy(final[i],final[j]);

strcpy(final[j],dummy);

}
puts(“Hotel names with specified GRADE in order of charge.”);

for(i=0;i<x;i++)

printf(“\n%s%10.2f”,final[i],r[i]);

void hot2(struct s *ob,float r1,int n)

/* this function will display hotel names below the specified rate*/

int i,x=0;

char final[10][40];

float r[10];

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

if(r1>ob[i].charge)

r[x]=ob[i].charge;

strcpy(final[x],ob[i].name);

x++;

puts(“Hotel names below the specified RATE.”);

for(i=0;i<x;i++)
{

printf(“\n%s%10.2f”,final[i],r[i]);

void main()

struct s hotel[10];

int n,i;

char g;

float rate;

clrscr();

puts(“Enter the number of hotels(within 10):-“);

scanf(“%d”,&n);

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

fflush(stdin);

puts(“Enter the hotel name:-“);

gets(hotel[i].name);

puts(“Enter the hotel address:-“);

gets(hotel[i].add);

puts(“Enter the hotel grade:-(‘a’,’b’,’c’)”);

scanf(“%c”,&hotel[i].grade);

puts(“Enter the room charge:-“);

scanf(“%f”,&hotel[i].charge);

puts(“Enter the room numbers:-“);

scanf(“%d”,&hotel[i].num);

clrscr();

fflush(stdin);

puts(“Now we will search for specific hotels(Press any key)….”);

getch();

clrscr();

printf(“\nEnter the grade for hotel(‘a’,’b’,’c’):-“);

scanf(“%c”,&g);

hot1(hotel,g,n);

printf(“\nPress any key to continue….”);

getch();

printf(“\nEnter the charge:-“);

scanf(“%f”,&rate);

puts(“\n**************\n”);

hot2(hotel,rate,n);

getch();

}
 Pointers in structures

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct book{
char title[10];
double price;
int pages;
};

int main(){
struct book b1 = {"Learn C", 675.50, 325};
struct book *strptr;
strptr = &b1;
printf("Title: %s\n", strptr -> title);
printf("Price: %lf\n", strptr -> price);
printf("No of Pages: %d\n", strptr -> pages);

return 0;
}
Cricket team details using union:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Define a union to store player name or score

union PlayerInfo {
char name[30];
int score;
};

// Define a structure to represent a cricket player

struct Player {
int id;
union PlayerInfo info;
int isName; // Flag to indicate whether 'info' stores a name (1) or a score (0)
};

// Function to set player name

void setPlayerName(struct Player *player, int id, const char *name) {
player->id = id;
strcpy(player->info.name, name);
player->isName = 1;
}

// Function to set player score

void setPlayerScore(struct Player *player, int id, int score) {
player->id = id;
player->info.score = score;
player->isName = 0;
}

// Function to display player info

void displayPlayerInfo(struct Player *player) {
printf("Player ID: %d\n", player->id);
if (player->isName) {
printf("Player Name: %s\n", player->info.name);
} else {
printf("Player Score: %d\n", player->info.score);
}
}

// Main function
int main() {
struct Player team[11]; // Array to store 11 players

// Set and display information for the players

setPlayerName(&team[0], 1, "Sachin Tendulkar");
setPlayerScore(&team[1], 2, 85);
setPlayerName(&team[2], 3, "Virat Kohli");
setPlayerScore(&team[3], 4, 75);

// Display player info

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
displayPlayerInfo(&team[i]);
printf("--------------------\n");
}

return 0;
}
macros to calculate the maximum and minimum of two numbers in C:
#include <stdio.h>

#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))

#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))

int main() {
int num1 = 10, num2 = 20;

printf("Maximum of %d and %d is %d\n", num1, num2, MAX(num1, num2));

printf("Minimum of %d and %d is %d\n", num1, num2, MIN(num1, num2));

return 0;
}

Write a C program to swap two numbers using pointers

#include <stdio.h>

void swap_numbers(int *ptr1, int *ptr2) {

int temp;
temp = *ptr1;
*ptr1 = *ptr2;
*ptr2 = temp;
}
void main() {
int num1, num2;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

swap_numbers(&num1, &num2);

printf("The swapped numbers are: %d %d", num1, num2);

}

LINKED LIST
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

struct linked_list
{
int number;
struct linked_list *next;
};

typedef struct linked_list node;

node *head=NULL, *last=NULL;

void create_linked_list();
void print_linked_list();
void insert_at_last(int value);
void insert_at_first(int value);
void insert_after(int key, int value);
void delete_item(int value);
void search_item(int value);
int main()
{
int key, value;

//Create a linked list

printf("Create Linked List\n");
create_linked_list();
print_linked_list();

//Insert value at last position to existing Linked List

printf("\nInsert new item at last\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
insert_at_last(value);
print_linked_list();

//Insert value at first position to existing Linked List

printf("\nInsert new item at first\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
insert_at_first(value);
print_linked_list();

//Insert value after a defined value to existing Linked List

printf("\nEnter a KEY (existing item of List), after that you want to insert a
value\n");
scanf("%d", &key);
printf("\nInsert new item after %d KEY\n", key);
 scanf("%d", &value);
insert_after(key, value);
print_linked_list();

//Search an item from Linked List

printf("\nEnter an item to search it from List\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
search_item(value);

//Delete value from List

printf("\nEnter a value, which you want to delete from list\n");
scanf("%d", &value);
delete_item(value);
print_linked_list();

return 0;
}

/*
User Defined Functions
*/
void create_linked_list()
{
int val;
 while(1)
{
printf("Input a number. (Enter -1 to exit)\n");

scanf("%d", &val);

if(val==-1)
break;

insert_at_last(val);
}

void insert_at_last(int value)

{
node *temp_node;
temp_node = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));

temp_node->number=value;
temp_node->next=NULL;

//For the 1st element

if(head==NULL)
{
head=temp_node;
last=temp_node;
}
 else
{
last->next=temp_node;
last=temp_node;
}

void insert_at_first(int value)

{
node *temp_node = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));

temp_node->number=value;
temp_node->next = head;

head = temp_node;
}

void insert_after(int key, int value)

{
node *myNode = head;
int flag = 0;

while(myNode!=NULL)
{
if(myNode->number==key)
{
node *newNode = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));
 newNode->number = value;
newNode->next = myNode->next;
myNode->next = newNode;

printf("%d is inserted after %d\n", value, key);

flag = 1;

break;
}
else
myNode = myNode->next;
}

if(flag==0)
printf("Key not found!\n");

void delete_item(int value)

{
node *myNode = head, *previous=NULL;
int flag = 0;

while(myNode!=NULL)
{
if(myNode->number==value)
 {
if(previous==NULL)
head = myNode->next;
else
previous->next = myNode->next;

printf("%d is deleted from list\n", value);

flag = 1;
free(myNode); //need to free up the memory to prevent memory leak
break;
}

previous = myNode;
myNode = myNode->next;
}

if(flag==0)
printf("Key not found!\n");
}

void search_item(int value)

{
node *searchNode = head;
int flag = 0;

while(searchNode!=NULL)
{
 if(searchNode->number==value)
{
printf("%d is present in this list. Memory address is %d\n", value,
searchNode);
flag = 1;
break;
}
else
searchNode = searchNode->next;
}

if(flag==0)
printf("Item not found\n");

void print_linked_list()
{
printf("\nYour full linked list is\n");

node *myList;
myList = head;

while(myList!=NULL)
{
printf("%d ", myList->number);

myList = myList->next;
 }
puts("");
}

// C program to implement READ A FILE AND PRINT THE DATA

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// Driver code
int main()
{
FILE* ptr;
char ch;

// Opening file in reading mode

ptr = fopen("test.txt", "r");

if (NULL == ptr) {
printf("file can't be opened \n");
}

printf("content of this file are \n");

 // Printing what is written in file
// character by character using loop.
do {
ch = fgetc(ptr);
printf("%c", ch);

// Checking if character is not EOF.

// If it is EOF stop reading.
} while (ch != EOF);

// Closing the file

fclose(ptr);
return 0;
}

a simple C program to copy the content of one file to another file.

Aim:

To write a C program to copy the contents of one file to another file.

Algorithm:

1. Start
2. Declare file pointers and variables:
o FILE *sourceFile, *destFile
o char sourcePath[100], destPath[100], ch
3. Get the source file path from the user:
o Print: "Enter source file path:"
o Read the source file path into sourcePath
4. Get the destination file path from the user:
o Print: "Enter destination file path:"
o Read the destination file path into destPath
5. Open the source file in read mode:
o sourceFile = fopen(sourcePath, "r")
o If sourceFile is NULL, print an error message and exit
6. Open the destination file in write mode:
o destFile = fopen(destPath, "w")
o If destFile is NULL, print an error message, close the sourceFile, and exit
 7. Copy contents from the source file to the destination file:
o Use a while loop to read characters from sourceFile until EOF:
 ch = fgetc(sourceFile)
 fputc(ch, destFile)
8. Print a success message:
o Print: "File copied successfully."
9. Close both files:
o fclose(sourceFile)
o fclose(destFile)
10. End

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
FILE *sourceFile, *destFile;
char sourcePath[100], destPath[100];
char ch;

// Get the source file path

printf("Enter source file path: ");
scanf("%s", sourcePath);

// Get the destination file path

printf("Enter destination file path: ");
scanf("%s", destPath);

// Open the source file in read mode

sourceFile = fopen(sourcePath, "r");
if (sourceFile == NULL) {
printf("Unable to open source file.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
 // Open the destination file in write mode
destFile = fopen(destPath, "w");
if (destFile == NULL) {
printf("Unable to open destination file.\n");
fclose(sourceFile);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

// Copy contents from source file to destination file

while ((ch = fgetc(sourceFile)) != EOF) {
fputc(ch, destFile);
}

printf("File copied successfully.\n");

// Close the files

fclose(sourceFile);
fclose(destFile);

return 0;
}