MULTIPLE INTEGRALS & Gradient of scalar funcHon :— Jet § (44,2) be a Scalar function defined and differentiable at each part (x5 4,2) in a certain region of space, then the Eg pradient of g , denoted by . grad | or vd, is given by rwadg = vo =/87% +33 s grad g = vo G oyu 2 ye Vector differential at Operator » > grad p = vo = aoF + BO py age a ay az Dixechonal derivative fo : 1 function then, the directional let d (4 8,2) bea scalar derivative of 6 fn the direction of vector A. is denoted by Dold) andi given by [Dalb)= op-A = vee A Consider the Scalar funcHon blu yz) = ety tz “oli @ find grodg@. @ find gradg ata point P= P(2,-1; 37 fing the dire clonal der'vastve of g a in the divectron of Re f4a5t Rs nie. oh } t ay d Cxry)2) = Ty pez rad = 3 faa A gradgd = vb (Gi thi tee S@urz)itVo] = @@ta)i + avi ter | (173) ; ‘ = A SOseee) [e | | froitk ) LG te ke ES Nee Jc 7c 6 xe NOTE ty Gradient of g is a vector normal to the surface dcx y,2) = ¢- eZ vo is the untt vector norma} to the surface b04,2)=Cé Surface integ ra} | x Divergence of Vector funcHon :— | lets Vexjy 2) = Wit Stuy k a Vector function ‘| defined and differenHable at each point (14,2) in a certain region of Space, then divergence pe ae denoted by div Vor 7.7, Is given by VV=(814+ apy aR PM Ar Na <2 eo ier (i+ ve5 +05 8) 5 ON) ped Vien Bio kw : aac By, a r) Scar quantity , x A vector Vis sald to be solenoidal if itt diverg enc } ig zero, ; ie-fdiv V or VV 20, — ———————— * Curl of Vector function :- ened se a ‘ n ‘ ? for functror ae let VCuy,2) = ylt ust yr a vee os certain ve or and differentiable at each point (x4, uegian of spaces then Curl of V denote vVYV 5 is given by A VV =f 374 BS+ Oe v, ft val t iG ee ae x(% 2 d by curl J Wey x te SES K’ 2 120 ae Oy az A 4% A vector is ae Boar onauantcatis: CLM (6. Zer0- j-e- following vector @Q Determine the tonstant a’ eo that the = ig a solenoid ~ Veo C4z-6y +3z)f + Eaxty 2) + (Sxt6y +02) k olo?- toy Vito be a solenoid, div v=o . Q find constants a)b andc $0 that We C4ungytaz) tt Get3y 452) 9 txt cy +azye _ts ireotationa) , Bo ec Si yo be inrotational, cull =owv — Imes 4 \w ~> ele 2 & 2 " 2 Vow -3 vay) 3 va- a v,)} ("-&") + (ee H A = +(Bvy- 3 vy K =o Ox ay =) a ? (c-s)i + (a-4j3+ (b43)B = offostok On “omparing, c= 5 a=4 b=3. 8 find curl (Ff) y Dhere Flr) is differentable and Pe xhtydere. 4 dotn s- Cur} (¥se9) = VX (#0) ht yte) } + z£lr) i) e[ 7? fF Rk oa 2 4 ox ay ae aft) ys) 2h) . Ca” ~ 9 2t)) 5 ‘(Gee flr) \ aa en) ay az on ree + (4 FO) _ y apm) 4 (2 ay): att). 890), ar ox Or an Ce Selig) ax Socor ne (az) 2 Py 7-5) (ea Simi )orlys & ji MM cata) ) ay BFC) ples Oz te putting there Valuer we gets fe $n) - vere) f ae — oy. ve r + (0 = oy) Q .% WW rr v Line Integrals — : = Any integral that can be evaluated along a curve is cated a line Integral» > 1f F represents a variable foree acting on a particle along a curve C, then workdone by the force F along C represents a. line integral given by p Pade ‘ c 1 ve — ff cis a closed curve, then the hine Integral axounde is given by bea , P_— 9 Suppose Po-3attt Say J and letc be the curve Y= 2x? 4, the xy plane. evaluate the hine integral Jf dv? from Pi (0,0) +0 P.(U,2) . Solin :- Step O:- Ivace the curve. y bn wy plane, Z=o0 Accordingly, wehave, d [Par = [caeP tony de (deb dy S) c = [r3dx + Say dy c _ 1 = f- ~327 da + Sx(2n")dffox2) fis din 2x *] o, a> = f- Bde t 4ontdn . e Rnnnnan ae8 Evaluate SP? , where Pa oa ay and Are he ei ¢ ‘ boundary of the Square 10 the plane z=0 and bounded by lines x=0, Y=O> mn? yea. oln:- : c (0,9) 5 raya) 420 e fox line integrals (0,9) Y=o Go) le voi! Start tracing the path in ACH dix? considered o4 He, vs iF As §n Z=0, we haves vealty) > dradztt dy) 9 geometrical region, [Pare [Pare frara [Par + fea? 4 ce } OA AB Be co’ [ | | [ CRO a fai) oe ty fEar = Gis ay 3) (del + dy J) * [eed + xydy ) Cae ane F a ae OA is 3 3 eg et = foldepaydy = c ; a AB ‘ 4d Oe a 1 A —” yes 0 OS fears [ee sody 5 see x Be Be 1009 fae fosnenudye Jose Co co 7 Teal fae 3 if ' ny So putting these values in O, Par ‘ a0 02/0) aie 3 Q Q Suppose eo —KyzStaorz?k. Evaluate [RAP foom (0,00) ty (L1it) otong the path ¢ # the Straight lines fromms (0,0,0) to (91°) 5 then +o (1) 1)9) & th 40 G)t)1). é Soln:- FR - re yo Avedaltdystdzk [Rear c 5 Jetta -(kiyz)dy #Qou2')de e ee CCH) “| aN a) = 3 ‘ an OA. Hong the path OA , from (0,0,0) +o (9,0) 420, 7x0 Varies from O to 1. ine dA [Bo + otoe + Prato) dy] en of * F = [aede Wot, : eT 93 eam B a WPO in Sy Along the path AB, Foor (10/0) t0(I,1, o) , - 1, 20% Ny ¥y varies foora (0:1) . du=0 : [ma? = J peut 68 ]de)+ [Kyl Jay + aot) - AB AB = fo ray ode = 0 AB hiong the path Be, from (WNe) Folin) y Kodogns o°4 Z varies foor (Ol) - [iar = [Boru] + Prey) t woe de Bc Bc i = facette 0 =[aoz3 tL 20, 3 3 D sas = Lt0+20 = 7-666 5 g Compute J? dv Dhere Pe gto R Cis the circle vtyes ery? traversed ot anti-Clockwise divecHon - solution: - Pe xityd dv edu tdyS Fede = /yf-x5 fear =): (arttayy = Ydu-xdy ot yt = ydu-xdy Cr BYES, given) 4 ~~ = SS lh hUlhUlhUcel lee ee x ¥ ‘F i rae a” & Ws SPSsevvvvowewvvevvvvevvvv—eveuwvvwes AY .a ftide-*49) e : . for clycle, paramere eg%s are, = 7COSO = St0$0 = (SG Y=rsing = Sine dx = -Sinodo = coed. on ay = { sino (-sinade) ~ €oso (cosedo) ° : an *f ~Sin?0d0 —cnsodo- 2 ax a an = ~/sy, 9 = =e =e f (Sin?@ + Cos’) do Je [>] OK dD¢ MULTIPLE INTEGRAL > The generalisation of definite integral integrals . — The double integral of Flxi¥) overa region SSecayraedy OR, SS Feud: R & = 5 are called multple "R’ is denoted by ¥ Evaluation of double Integrals :~ = let F0uy) be continuous on o region Res ALxeh and gil) 4y 4 92.l%) with 8s and g, continuous Jet R be defined ag on [arb] then, es JS Poraydry = Sef fouyydxdy - R & A 2) | 13 $(opSaeS e i ee cey 4d and NU) =e etl ha a d pitt) Jf $e dedg = Ai Ftupdedy . “s R . chy | > tty] = i a7 | zZ ng atx £b then ceyed a ) Oy db Sfecnwde dy = J Spexmaady =f [rerdy de - R Ce ao # change the order of Sntgration s— & change the order of jntegration for the integra) 2 gx | \ Gage ¢ 0 zee Hit a la limi ave funcHons of 2%RTE SR egolni- LADD WT gam 2 4 i aaa [Brora] yy te O x 0 5 Si AD phe < J fer) ~ 0842059] ‘0 fat a ‘ ob aaa CO A be . ia ae 4 eo dh J = ant + 623 aoe BCR It? ie 54 chem = 16 +1e.4¢ a 4 Whenever we will change the order of ii _Mmits will cna | | \ (0,0) a The wegion of integra on are Gite Ly Age V2 ofx er ‘ wpon changing the onder of intgr Integration transforms . vat 219 tee (4xt2)dady = | |: Ff = f4 i fed 2 4g -[e + Kony Yay ep Gk i + ax axs hia 4 § find the area of the ee R enclosed by the parabola yoo? and the |ine yoxt?. folnt- The avea of the bounded wregion R is given by, = [Sandy = [fda R R U To find the vegion of operation, we will trace the Ore y ® NOW, Jes r JJ eat > 0 Pp —— cy aa 2 & fo W in 2 ane 2 few + ae andy 0 my yg F 4 ~ feada + [wp-us ay. g aJ ae 5/ 4 [ gl é Laat | y Ola = Bas =, Gls ae = Rae el 2 a ~ ts) ' HS 1 (es a . im I =e : ae sae ai is4 Volume of a negion in space ThejVvol ume ofa closed bounded region vin space is given by ERT Or a ffSidedude om Y= [ff sewaldedyde D DA , d | : f add Where, HUY, = 4 4F evaluation of [[fFtaywdxdydz in the order dzdyda « oie mal Hl ND RS re er ea yeh YAM fe) ae vig nM. 2 Feny.z)dzdy dx . é ba = fay) steaves ot Z=Sx. red yap 2-Ficu4) enters at “ 7 = za dy Y lebters GHY yo Pz Ki loy YeHwe | * Surface, Integrals + = ied eg rol ig given by a i Rds Per) ee i Vb The surface ints + ohare ee ie ds = os 5 day cxey plane). aa |e tea - [yeaa i (ez plane) = pF te “ i (set plane)Q Evaluate We fds there, F= yrdt zxp+ayR & Sis the Surfag Of the gphere xryt+z? = 1 she first octant. Solution; bong) = aay? 421 let R be the projection of S In 2-Y plane then, .. iF tds = J Ped aaa i |A- TRE Since, aed ee ad events the vector normal to the oi Surface: a fe | io Hence, fA = vb ae 19) : ‘iste a 3 8 on ye oe cee eal is Th AS +B)p ec Fatt ay) 4ork —@ e From @, a) : RalarlteyltezR 94 yhark ——@ Jaxt+eoyF+azk] BR = @eht exTiay B) soda ydt28) = Bryz Os = (oitydr2k). fae ee) wing 0 le qeenD, i Rady = ff gaye dedy R ze [AR] 2 | rae In xy plane z=0 eae alinel ti 40 y-axis ~3f f ny dyae and get m0 ye 2, | foram ye Oe eee a : and geimnil 3 f cud de ge ti ~=0 3 ue > [iO 4ndh, teh 78 [ae aa ae ee 1ayz daze, aval eA Pi adé eahare 6 4 ren, Toure ANS A EL pide litre 6 ft the | 220s Zed, My Mig Ihe Many welpnedy asides & unit cube having @ in weereented by the adjacent ca ie exatuate the given busrace ee cee will find the value of the rae ex each of these surfaces” ¥ wees eat and add therm together’ y ut pa derived value. } sofact OBEE be ee x0 ds =~f[feor F 4yzJ 420) by: tt) dy de =10 eBCF rar oO mm a aA ueface |GADE , 1) =e ent vey s= [[@ot ayed4 zw ®): Daya Gave = ffsqat = Pari e EN at Ree Y 00 4 dov the Serface ADC y fas 2 4 ale Aes be a JIFSae~ (Re Se toed + sank) te = o GADE tw he surface Baee y Held gives: ewes SPS ae Poke : di oT 40) S + zk) “W) quae ae ORD — € “Ti ~4Zdade | 3 BYforthe surface Cfed, “ReR og z= 1 fJieac- fhieet-tw034 ys 8) dandy [fe cFeD ce 4 7 . ’ s e © 9:0:0.0% 0 © = Sin eae stole if ohn apt oy So, 8 Evaluate fife. ds Gta Re yz), Hal Spe cl ey “oie a surface of the cylinder oot ang! mee Bal te * Fak 9 i between z=0 & 2=4 : ii a y hart fees R be the projection of Sin ye aithet 44s aide | IO Sols tispp Seopa “WeF | = mei 7 = ote tat a aelsyd)., ee a. Jaxttay 3] eros. > Oe dad ai) = (yeie xj. etek). i(edeuag a gon}rua a Peihe § Ey mypz tiny ‘ 2 op ace ae Caos Cealyse! a 2 : fal “uty dzdy = Sige], dy | Z=0 l ies 5 flo e]4y ; se 4 Green's theorem In the plane (Transform ation. between Cline integrot & surface integral) THR isa closed region in xy-plane ‘pound éd a Y by @ Simple closed curve Cy and if Mand ap c N ore continuous functions of tad yf") °° , having continuow dexjvative fn Ry then; ‘ [artesian form ] Hot? Aone By Where C t's traversed in positive (anti-clocke ise) direction. jet ws comider, > n i hae f= NItNJ - ahiyes emo ta 2 am 4) Lee sg, ot Green's theorem in vector Plane 18 Ive? by Pade Bat g SSCS: ae Cvector form] py dso that ae anes) Radudy Be P= mtind, woul and & isa unit vector along z-axis and dra ee Q Verify Gtreen's theorem, in the plane for - + PEI) de 4 wdy 1 here ss Cis the closed curve of the region bounded by y=x and y=x2, Soln:- Fhe given. curve Yor and y=x* intersect at @ 0) ROL), top traversed In positive direction Che Anti-clockwise dyn Che We have to prove that, | Sn Ua ag Diag Ndy “NEE: fie where, Ms ay ty” N =anr Us of O vi sont she © QDs fee mo ee coe have, y= oa i > $ feesiesifin 4 2c49y g>1uad aed dx tx! bonds as \ Shit + bing ‘ y Gre ae Sat 9S Pe + “fe - a | ee 4°S ae E apr Ad, Pct ie x: a 4 ee . @> Ce [ree 2Jdx + ae pe “teh: - following @ nae ay : e O37 ear a See RHS of O | ibe eee Ab SI GES) tar 7 i a di here: BW yoo Git aie Ss= x JS (= cer2u)] axay ~= [erway - B g ma} Yer J (aay) dy de x0 yet : tb : {pity oee i a Geto) de AEE 2 aot eel z + I. md = -us hence, Green's theorem Is verified . § Evaluate B(Y-sinn)dy + cosxdy @here C Is a telangle formed z J by the lines Y=0, x= A, and my=2% by using GOT. Solution: - y Following Green's theo ver, we Know that Grtdns ny = JIG: dedy Where, M= Yy Sine oh Sa) ey N= @Cosx + ONS ~Sing On oS Ge aM ) gu dy = Jf gla son Yea “ff Commeny dy dz m=0 Yoo 7 Le r i eT, (sinz+1) dx. e, = fl ~ 2% (SinxtH) dz. nAe = “2 Frans) du ° a [ere] = ca-3) = 2 Pecos sion + a Ma. °