PART A

1) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) The company's values include integrity, being innovative, and
accountability.
b) The company's values include honesty, innovation, and to be accountable.
c) The company's values include integrity, innovation, and
accountability.
d) The company's values include being honest, innovating, and being
accountable.

2) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) Her responsibilities include managing budgets, writing reports, and to
attend meetings.
b) Her responsibilities include managing budgets, writing reports,
and attending meetings.
c) Her responsibilities include budget management, write reports, and
meeting attendance.
d) Her responsibilities include to manage budgets, writing reports, and
attending meetings.

3) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) The team was expected to complete the project, that they would follow the
timeline, and reporting weekly.
b) The team was expected to complete the project, following the timeline,
and report weekly.
c) The team was expected to complete the project, follow the
timeline, and report weekly.
d) The team was expected that they complete the project, follow the timeline,
and reporting weekly.

4) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) She is not only a skilled coder but also knows how to manage a team.
b) She not only codes skillfully but also management of the team.
c) She is not only a skilled coder but also a strong team leader.
d) She not only is a skilled coder but also managing teams well.

5) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) Running every day improves your health more than if you would walk
occasionally.
b) Running every day improves your health more than walking
occasionally.
c) Running every day improves your health more than occasional walking.
d) Running every day is better for health than to walk occasionally.

6) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) He writes clearly, speaking fluently, and teaches effectively.
b) He writes clearly, speaks fluently, and teaches with confidence.
c) He writes clearly, speaks confidently, and teaches thoroughly.
d) He writes clearly, speaks fluently, and teaches effectively.

7) Choose the correct option that replaces the underlined part: Neither Ravi nor his
friends brought his laptop to the workshop.
a) brought thier laptop to the workshop.
b) brought their laptops to the workshop.

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 c) brought his/their laptop to the workshop.
d) No correction required.

8) Choose the grammatically correct answer.

a) The jury finally announced his verdict after three hours of discussion.
b) The jury finally announced its verdict after three hours of
discussion.
c) Both (a) and (b) are correct.
d) Both (a) and (b) are incorrect.

9) Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

a) If anyone forgets their password, he must reset it.
b) If anyone forgets his password, they must reset it.
c) If anyone forgets his or her password, he/she must reset it.
d) All are correct.

10) Choose the correct option:

(1) Neither the teacher nor the students brought their books.
(2) Neither the students nor the teacher brought her book.
a) Both (1) and (2) are incorrect.
b) Both (1) and (2) are correct.
c) Only (1) is correct.
d) Only (2) is correct.

11) Fill in the blank with a suitable pronoun:

Neither the manager nor the employees could recall where they had kept the
confidential documents, but each was certain that ___ version of events was
accurate.
Answer: Neither the manager nor the employees could recall where they had kept
the confidential documents, but each was certain that (his/her) version of events
was accurate.

12) Fill in the blank with a suitable pronoun:

You and your teammates must ask _________ whether you've truly done everything
possible to succeed before blaming external factors for the outcome.

Answer:
You and your teammates must ask yourselves whether you've truly done
everything possible to succeed before blaming external factors for the outcome.

13) Choose the grammatically correct sentence.

a) The reason why he left is because he was tired.
b) He left because he was tired.
c) The reason for his departure was because he was tired.
d) The reason why he is left is that he was tired.

14) Choose the grammatically incorrect sentence.

a) The team met the deadline without any delay.
b) The teacher explained the concept clearly.
c) The final conclusion was well-supported by evidence.
d) They received the award for their achievement.

15) Identify the grammatically correct sentence without redundancy.

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 a) The soldiers retreated back to the base.
b) The company is offering a free bonus.
c) We’ll meet again at 6 p.m. in the evening.
d) They submitted their resignations voluntarily.

16) Which of the following sentences contains a redundancy?

a) The committee unanimously agreed that the policy changes were
necessary to ensure long-term sustainability.
b) The final outcome of the investigation was a shocking surprise to
everyone involved in the case.
c) They outlined the key objectives of the project to avoid miscommunication
between departments.
d) The training sessions were designed to improve productivity and
encourage team collaboration.

17) Select the word segment that substitutes (replaces) the bracketed word segment
correctly and completes the sentence meaningfully. Select the option 'no
correction required if the sentence is correct as given.

The manager emphasized that we must (revert back to him with a response) by
Monday.
a) reply him back
b) respond back to him
c) revert to him with a response
d) No correction required

18) Select the word segment that substitutes (replaces) the bracketed word segment
correctly and completes the sentence meaningfully. Select the option 'no
correction required if the sentence is correct as given.

During the interview, she (gave her personal opinion) about the company's
culture.
a) gave her own opinion
b) gave her personal views
c) gave her opinion
d) No correction required

19) Select the word segment that substitutes (replaces) the bracketed word segment
correctly and completes the sentence meaningfully. Select the option 'no
correction required if the sentence is correct as given.

The officer instructed us to (advance forward without delay).

a) advance ahead immediately
b) proceed forward
c) advance without delay
d) No correction required
20) Select the word segment that substitutes (replaces) the bracketed word segment
correctly and completes the sentence meaningfully. Select the option "No
correction required" if the sentence is correct as given.

Rushing to finish the assignment, (the laptop slipped off the desk and crashed).

a) the laptop slipped and crashed

b) I accidentally knocked the laptop off the desk
c) the desk fell with the laptop crashing

3
 d) No correction required

21) Identify the grammatically correct sentence:

a) She nearly watched the entire movie.
b) She watched nearly the entire movie.
c) Nearly she watched the entire movie.
d) Watched she nearly the entire movie.

22) Choose the most appropriate way to rewrite the sentence without changing its
meaning.
a) She served the children on paper plates the sandwiches.
b) She served the sandwiches to the children on paper plates.
c) She served the sandwiches on paper plates to the children.
d) No correction required

23) Choose the option which best alters the given sentence.
He nearly drove the car for six hours without stopping.
a) He drove the car nearly for six hours without stopping.
b) He nearly drove for six hours the car without stopping.
c) He drove the car for nearly six hours without stopping.
d) No correction required

24) Choose the most appropriate way to rewrite the sentence without changing its
meaning.

She almost listened to the entire podcast before falling asleep.

a) She listened almost to the entire podcast before falling asleep.
b) She listened to almost the entire podcast before falling asleep.
c) She almost listened before falling asleep to the entire podcast.
d) No correction required

25) Choose the most appropriate way to rewrite the sentence without changing its
meaning.

Students who study regularly often score better in exams.

a) Students who regularly study often score better in exams.

b) Often students who study regularly score better in exams.
c) Students who study regularly score better often in exams.
d) No correction required

26) Choose the most appropriate way to rewrite the sentence without changing its
meaning.

After reading the book, the movie seemed disappointing.

a) After reading the book, the disappointing movie was watched.

b) The movie seemed disappointing after reading the book.
c) After I read the book, the movie seemed disappointing.
d) No correction required

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27) Select the word segment that best replaces the bracketed segment to form a
grammatically correct and meaningful sentence. Choose the option 'no correction
required' if the sentence is correct as given.

She has the ability to manage multiple teams efficiently [as well as she handles
client negotiations with] remarkable skill.

a) and she also handles client negotiations with

b) as well as handling client negotiations with
c) just as she handles client negotiation with
d) no correction required

28) Identify the most appropriate version of the sentence from the options given
below:

[Although she was tired but she continued to work late into the night.]

a) Although she was tired, but she continued to work late into the night.
b) Although she was tired, she continued to work late into the night.
c) Though she was tired but she continued to work late into the night.
d) No correction required.

29) Identify the most appropriate version of the sentence from the options given
below:

[Unless you will leave now, you won’t reach on time.]

a) Unless you will leave now, you won’t reach on time.

b) Unless you don’t leave now, you won’t reach on time.
c) Unless you leave now, you won’t reach on time.
d) No correction required.

30) Identify the most appropriate version of the sentence from the options given
below:

[Even though the proposal was clearly flawed, but no one raised objections during
the board meeting.]

a) Even though the proposal was clearly flawed, but no one raised objections.
b) Even though the proposal was clearly flawed, no one raised
objections.
c) Though the proposal was clearly flawed, yet no one raised objections.
d) No correction required.

31) Choose the correct option:

a) My car is faster than my friend.
b) My car is faster than my friend's car
c) My car is faster than my friend’s
d) Both (b) and (c)

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32) Select the word segment that substitutes the bracketed segment correctly and
completes the sentence meaningfully. Choose 'no correction required' if the
sentence is correct as given.

The workload of an intern is lesser [than a full-time employee].

a) than a full-time employee's workload

b) than that of a full-time employee
c) than a full-time employee's
d) no correction required

33) Fill in the blank with a suitable conjunction.

They acted ____ they owned the place.

Answer: They acted as if they owned the place.

34) Fill in the blank with a suitable conjunction.

____ we leave now, we won’t be able to catch the last train.

Answer: Unless we leave now, we won’t be able to catch the last train.

35) Identify the grammatically correct version of the underlined part based on correct
tense usage. Choose the best option. Select "No correction required" if the
sentence is already correct.

He claimed that by the time the guards reacted, the intruder already escaped
through the back gate.

a) had already escaped

b) was already escaping
c) has already escaped
d) No correction required

36) Identify the grammatically correct version of the underlined part based on correct
tense usage. Choose the best option. Select "No correction required" if the
sentence is already correct.

The scientist explained that the experiment is beginning at dawn and should
conclude by evening.

a) began
b) had begun
c) was beginning
d) No correction required

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37) Identify the best correction for the underlined part. Choose "No correction
required" if the sentence is correct.

The documents must be submitted by Friday if you want to be considered.

a) must have submitted

b) must submit
c) must be submitting
d) No correction required

38) Fill in the blank with a suitable option.

When we met, I __________ (not see) her for nearly ten years.

Answer: When we met, I had not seen her for nearly ten years.

39) Fill in the blank with a suitable option.

I __________ (work) all morning, and I still haven’t eaten anything.

Answer: I have been working all morning, and I still haven’t eaten anything.

40) Fill in the blank with a suitable answer.

The new software aims to improve user engagement, reduce bounce rates, and
__________ (enhance) overall customer satisfaction.

Answer: The new software aims to improve user engagement, reduce bounce
rates, and enhance overall customer satisfaction.

41) Choose the correct answer:

Flying over the mountains, the majestic view captivated the pilot.

a) The majestic view flying over the mountains captivated the pilot.
b) No correction required
c) Flying over the mountains, the majestic view seemed surreal to the pilot.
d) The pilot, flying over the mountains, was captivated by the
majestic view.

42) Choose the most appropriate way to rewrite the sentence without changing its
meaning.
Even though the manager promised to review the proposal, he neither scheduled
a meeting nor responded to the team's emails.
a) Even though the manager had promised reviewing the proposal, he didn’t
either schedule a meeting or respond to the team's emails.
b) Even though the manager promised to review the proposal, he didn’t
schedule a meeting and nor did he respond to the team's emails.
c) No correction required.
d) Even though the manager promised reviewing the proposal, neither a
meeting was scheduled nor emails responded.

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43) Despite of being late, he managed to catch the train.
a) Despite of being late
b) Even though being late
c) Despite being late
d) In spite he was late

44) Neither the teacher nor the students knows the correct answer.
a) knows the correct answer
b) know the correct answer
c) is knowing the correct answer
d) has knew the correct answer

45) The report, along with the supporting documents, were submitted on time.
a) were submitted
b) has submitted
c) is submitted
d) was submitted

46) Running down the street, my wallet fell out of my pocket.

a) Running down the street, my wallet fell
b) As I was running down the street, my wallet fell
c) While running, the wallet had fell
d) My wallet, while I was running, fallen out

47) The company must ensure that every employee do their job well.
a) do their job well
b) do his job well
c) does their job well
d) does his or her job well

48) Unlike most members of the board, whose interests lie in finance and marketing,
the CEO’s expertise are rooted in engineering and product design.
a) the CEO’s expertise are rooted
b) the expertise of the CEO are rooted
c) the CEO’s expertise is rooted
d) the expertise of the CEO have been rooted

49) Not only did the speaker captivate the audience with her story, but also inspired
them to take action.
a) but also inspired them
b) but also did she inspire them
c) but she also inspired them
d) but also did inspire them

50) The committee agreed to postpone the decision, hoping that more data would
come in, and that the analyst presents a revised report.
a) and that the analyst presents a revised report.
b) and the analyst would present a revised report.
c) and for the analyst to present a revised report.
d) and that the analyst would present a revised report.

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PART B

1. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions.

a) He speaks no French, nor does he understand a word of Spanish, making travel in
Europe quite difficult.
b) The evidence was weak, yet the jury found the defendant guilty.
2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions.
a) She continued working on the project though / although / even though she was
feeling unwell.
b) You won't succeed unless / if you put in the effort.
3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions.
a) He acts as if he owns the entire place.
b) Although / Though it was raining heavily, the match was not cancelled.
4. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate verb forms.
a) By the time we got to the hall, the performance had already begun.
b) If she had studied harder last semester, she would have passed with distinction.
5. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate verb forms.
a) They had been working at this company for over ten years before it shut down.
b) She behaves as if she knew everything about the topic.
6. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate verb forms.
a) By the end of this year, I will have completed my diploma in graphic design.
b) I have been waiting for this opportunity ever since I graduated.
7. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of pronouns.
a) I don’t know who called, but the message was urgent.
b) Neither of the girls has submitted her assignment.
8. Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) Her knowledge of history is greater than any student in the class.
Answer: Her knowledge of history is greater than that of any student in the class.
b) My boyfriend is very older than me.
Answer: My boyfriend is much older than me.
9. Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) We are going more slowly and more slowly.
Answer: We are going slower and slower.
b) This dictionary is best I could find.
Answer: This dictionary is the best I could find.
10.Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
a) I’m not going out with a man who’s twice older than me.
Answer: I’m not going out with a man who’s twice as old as me.
b) Is this the first time for you to stay here?

9
 Answer: Is this the first time you have stayed here?

11.Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.

a) He doesn’t smoke and drink.
Answer: He doesn’t smoke or drink.
b) Both he can borrow the flat and he can use the car.
Answer: He can both borrow the flat and use the car.
12.Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) You accent is the worse in the class.
Answer: Your accent is the worst in the class.
b) The most easiest solution is to do nothing.
Answer: The easiest solution is to do nothing.
13.Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) Although she was tired but she went to work.
Answer: Although she was tired, she went to work.
b) You can find Coca-Cola wherever you will go.
Answer: You can find Coca-Cola wherever you go.
14.Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) The more it is dangerous, the more I like it.
Answer: The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
b) Your hands are as cold like ice.
Answer: Your hands are as cold as ice.
15.Identify and fix the errors. Rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) He’s the nicest when he’s with children.
Answer: He’s at his nicest when he’s with children.
b) It’s the longest river of the world.
Answer: It’s the longest river in the world.
16.Fix the grammatical errors and rewrite the sentence correctly.
a) She loved the picture because reminded her of home.
Answer: She loved the picture because it reminded her of home.
b) Everybody except he can come.
Answer: Everybody except him can come.
17.Fix the grammatical errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) Can I borrow your keys? I can’t find the mine.
Answer: Can I borrow your keys? I can’t find mine.
b) Why don’t I and you go away for the weekend?
Answer: Why don’t you and I go away for the weekend?
18.Fix the grammatical errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) I play always tennis on Saturdays.
Answer: I always play tennis on Saturdays.
b) I worked very hardly for the exam.
Answer: I worked very hard for the exam.
19.Fix the grammatical errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) She is three years elder than me.
Answer: She is three years older than me.
b) I will completely have finished by next year.
Answer: I will have completely finished by next year.
20.Fix the grammatical errors and rewrite the sentences correctly.
a) ‘Have some chocolate.’ ‘No, I don’t like.’
Answer: ‘Have some chocolate.’ ‘No, I don’t like it.’
b) Susan and Daniel talk to themselves on the phone every day.
Answer: Susan and Daniel talk to each other on the phone every day.

10
PART C

Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related to
parallelism, pronouns, or comparisons.
Marks: 15 (3 marks each)

Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
2. Briefly explain the correction made (e.g., issue with parallelism, incorrect pronoun
reference, faulty comparison, etc.).

Sentences:
1. The committee valued being clear in proposals, submitting original ideas, and
conciseness in execution.
2. The professor told the student that her assignment was plagiarized, which shocked
them.
3. My brother is more interested in economics than my cousin, who prefers engineering.
4. The startup plans to reduce operational costs, streamline processes, and it wants to
boost employee morale.
5. After analyzing the data and the client giving his input, the final report was submitted.

Correct answer carries 1 mark and explanation carries 2 marks. (5*3=15)

1. Explanation:

This sentence contains items in a list, but they are not grammatically parallel — they are
structured in different grammatical forms.
 being clear in proposals
 submitting original ideas
 being concise in execution
This breaks parallel structure. So the correct answer is,
Answer: The committee valued being clear in proposals, submitting original
ideas, and being concise in execution.

2. Explanation:

The sentence has a pronoun reference issue (specifically ambiguous antecedent).

Original:
The professor told the student that her assignment was plagiarized, which shocked them.
Problem:
The pronoun "which" is unclear. Does it refer to:
 the assignment being plagiarized, or
 the fact that the professor said it, or
 the student, or
 the professor and student together?
Also, "them" is ambiguous—who is shocked? So the correct answer is,
Answer: The professor told the student that her assignment was plagiarized,
which shocked the student.

11
3. Explanation:

The sentence is grammatically fine, but there's a potential ambiguity in comparison.

Given Sentence:

My brother is more interested in economics than my cousin, who prefers engineering.

The sentence compares my brother’s interest in economics with my cousin.

But it could be interpreted in two ways:
1. Correct and intended meaning (likely):
My brother is more interested in economics than my cousin is.
Here, you're comparing interest in economics between your brother and cousin.
2. Misread meaning:
My brother is more interested in economics than he is in my cousin.
This reading sounds illogical and awkward but is technically possible.

So the correct answer is,

Answer: My brother is more interested in economics than my cousin is, who

prefers engineering.

4. Explanation:

Given Sentence: The startup plans to reduce operational costs, streamline processes, and
it wants to boost employee morale.

The first two items in the list (reduce, streamline) are infinitives without “to”. The third
item (it wants to boost) breaks the pattern — it's a full independent clause.

So, the correct answer is,

Answer: The startup plans to reduce operational costs, streamline processes,

and boost employee morale.

5. Explanation:

In the given sentence:

 The introductory phrase "After analyzing the data and the client giving his
input" suggests that the final report did the analyzing and received input —
which is illogical.
 The subject following the phrase ("the final report") doesn't match the doers of
the actions (the person/people who analysed and received input).

So, the correct answer is,

Answer: After analyzing the data and receiving the client's input, the team
submitted the final report.

12
Read the following essay and answer the questions that follow:

Essay: The Role of Technology in Modern Education

In the 21st century, technology has transformed education by enhancing access,

improving engagement, and promoting personalized learning. The integration of digital
tools into classrooms is no longer optional; it has become essential. Online platforms,
smart classrooms, and educational apps have reshaped how students learn and how
teachers teach. However, poorly placed devices or apps can sometimes distract rather
than support learning.
Every student must take responsibility for his or her own learning process, especially in
self-paced digital environments. If learners rely solely on technology, they may end up
being less proactive than those in traditional settings. In recent years, teachers have
adopted blended learning methods, which combine traditional instruction with digital
tools. This balance enables students to experience the best of both worlds without
unnecessary repetition or information overload. Teachers play a key role in guiding
students, and they must receive proper training to use technology effectively. Although
digital learning has many benefits, it also presents new challenges such as screen fatigue
and reduced social interaction. In conclusion, technology is a powerful ally in education,
but its impact depends on how thoughtfully it is implemented. Students, teachers, and
institutions must collaborate to ensure that learning remains effective, engaging, and
meaningful.

Instructions:
Part A – Content Understanding (5 Marks)
1. Summarize the main idea of the essay in 3–4 sentences. (3 marks)
2. Mention two benefits and one challenge of using technology in education. (2
marks)
Part B – Grammar Awareness (10 Marks)

Identify and explain the use of the following grammar concepts from the essay. Quote the
relevant sentence(s) for each.
1. Parallelism – 2 instances (2 marks)
2. Modifiers – 1 instance (2 marks)
3. Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement – 1 instance (1 mark)
4. Comparison – 1 instance (1 mark)
5. Tenses – 1 instance (1 mark)
6. Redundancy (Avoidance) – 1 instance (1 mark)
7. Pronouns (clarity) – 1 instance (1 mark)
8. Conjunctions (for contrast) – 1 instance (1 mark)

Answer:

Part A – Content Understanding (5 Marks)

1. Summary of Main Idea (3 marks):

Technology has revolutionized modern education by making it more accessible,

engaging, and personalized. Digital tools like apps and platforms have changed
how students learn and teachers teach. However, if misused, technology can be
distracting. Proper training and balanced use are key to effective learning
outcomes.

2. Benefits and Challenges (2 marks):

Benefits:

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  Enhances access and personalized learning.
 Makes learning more engaging.
Challenge:
 May cause screen fatigue and reduce social interaction.

Part B – Grammar Awareness (10 Marks)

Students must quote the sentence and explain the concept briefly.
1. Parallelism (2 Marks – 1 each):
 "…enhancing access, improving engagement, and promoting personalized
learning."
 "…students, teachers, and institutions must collaborate…"
Explanation: Balanced structure using verb–noun format or consistent list pattern.

2. Modifiers (2 Marks):
 "Poorly placed devices or apps can sometimes distract…"
Explanation: The modifier "poorly placed" describes "devices or apps" and is correctly
placed before the noun.

3. Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement (1 Mark):

 "Every student must take responsibility for his or her own learning process."
Explanation: "Every student" is singular, so the pronouns "his or her" are correctly used.

4. Comparison (1 Mark):
 "…less proactive than those in traditional settings."
Explanation: Proper comparison between students relying on technology and those in
traditional classrooms.

5. Tenses (1 Mark):
 "In recent years, teachers have adopted blended learning methods…"
Explanation: "Have adopted" is present perfect tense, used correctly to show an action
continuing to the present.

6. Redundancy – Avoided (1 Mark):

 "…without unnecessary repetition or information overload."
Explanation: Avoids saying things like “repetition again” or “extra repetition,” which
would be redundant.

7. Pronouns – Clarity (1 Mark):

 "…and they must receive proper training…"
Explanation: The pronoun "they" clearly refers to "teachers."

8. Conjunctions – Contrast (1 Mark):

 "Although digital learning has many benefits, it also presents new challenges…"
Explanation: "Although" introduces a contrast between advantages and challenges.

14
Write an essay in about 200–250 words on any one of the following topics.
1. Online vs Offline Learning: Which Is More Effective?
2. The Impact of Social Media on Teenagers
3. Climate Change and the Role of Youth
4. The Importance of Soft Skills in the Workplace

Your essay must clearly demonstrate your ability to use the following grammar concepts:
 Parallelism
 Modifiers
 Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement
 Comparisons
 Tenses
 Redundancy (Avoidance)
 Pronouns (Clarity)
 Conjunctions (for contrast or addition)

Answer:

Topic: Online vs Offline Learning – Which Is More Effective?

In today’s digital age, education has expanded beyond traditional classrooms to include
online platforms, interactive apps, and virtual classrooms. [Parallelism] While
both online and offline learning have their merits, the effectiveness of each depends on
the learner's needs and context.
Well-designed online courses allow students to learn at their own pace, especially
those who balance work and study. [Modifier: "Well-designed" modifies "online courses"]
However, not every student thrives in an online environment; for instance, a learner
who lacks self-discipline may struggle with consistency and motivation. Each
student must develop his or her own learning strategy to succeed in either mode.
[Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement: “Each student” → “his or her”]
Compared to offline learning, online education often provides greater flexibility but
less direct interaction. [Comparison] Offline learning encourages in-person
discussions, peer bonding, and immediate feedback—factors that are harder to replicate
virtually. Teachers have adapted to these challenges by integrating hybrid models,
which combine online tools with in-person instruction. [Tenses: Present perfect "have
adapted"]
Effective learning is not about choosing between one mode or the other again and
again. It is about using the strengths of both—without unnecessary repetition or
duplication. [Redundancy avoided]
Moreover, institutions play a vital role in guiding learners, and they must ensure equal
access to digital resources. [Pronouns clarity: "They" = institutions]
Although online learning promotes accessibility, it cannot fully replace the
human connection offered by physical classrooms. [Conjunction: “Although”
shows contrast]
In conclusion, the debate is not about which mode is better, but about how both can work
together to enhance education for all.

15
Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related
to the listed grammar areas.

Marks: 15 (3 marks each)

Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
2. Briefly explain the correction made (e.g., faulty comparison, misplaced modifier,
tense shift, redundant phrase, incorrect conjunction use, etc.).

Sentences:
1. Driving through the storm, the road signs were difficult to read and created
confusion for the travellers.
2. Neither the manager nor the team members was aware of the changes, and none
of them submitted their report.
3. The company expects employees to meet deadlines, communicating effectively,
and that they show initiative.
4. The new intern not only lacked experience but also she didn’t know how to use
the software.
5. He had already completed the project last week, so he don’t need any extension.

Answer:

1. Original:
Driving through the storm, the road signs were difficult to read and created
confusion for the travellers.
Corrected:
Driving through the storm, the travellers found the road signs difficult to read and
confusing.
Explanation:
Dangling modifier – The introductory phrase "Driving through the storm" was
incorrectly modifying "the road signs." The sentence was revised so that "the
travellers" (who were actually driving) is the subject.

2. Original:
Neither the manager nor the team members was aware of the changes, and
none of them submitted their report.
Corrected:
Neither the manager nor the team members were aware of the changes, and none of
them submitted their reports.
Explanation:
 Subject–Verb Agreement: When the subject closest to "nor" is plural ("team
members"), the verb should be plural ("were").
 Pronoun Agreement: "Their report" implies one report. To match "none of
them," it should be "their reports."

3. Original:

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The company expects employees to meet deadlines, communicating effectively,
and that they show initiative.
Corrected:
The company expects employees to meet deadlines, communicate effectively, and show
initiative.
Explanation:
Parallelism error – The list mixes different grammatical forms. "Meet," "communicate,"
and "show" are now all in the base verb form to maintain parallel structure.

4. Original:
The new intern not only lacked experience but also she didn’t know how to use
the software.
Corrected:
The new intern not only lacked experience but also didn’t know how to use the software.
Explanation:
Redundant pronoun – “She” is unnecessary and breaks the parallelism in the not
only... but also structure.

5. Original:
He had already completed the project last week, so he don’t need any
extension.
Corrected:
He had already completed the project last week, so he doesn’t need any extension.
Explanation:
 Tense inconsistency: "Don’t" is incorrect for a singular subject ("he").
 Correct form: "doesn’t" (present tense) matches "he" and continues properly
from the past perfect clause.

Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related
to the listed grammar areas.
Marks: 15 (3 marks each)
Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
2. Briefly explain the correction made.

Sentences:
1. Running to catch the train, the luggage was dropped by Rahul on the platform.
2. Each of the employees must submit their ID card before leaving for the day.
3. The manager is not only efficient but also he communicates clearly and motivates
the team.
4. The candidate performed better in the written test than in the interview was
conducted.
5. The product is completely unique and should be launched as soon as possible.

Answer:

1. Original:
Running to catch the train, the luggage was dropped by Rahul on the platform.
Corrected:
Running to catch the train, Rahul dropped the luggage on the platform.
Explanation:
Dangling modifier – The phrase "Running to catch the train" should logically refer to
Rahul, not the luggage. The sentence was revised to make the subject clear.

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2. Original:
Each of the employees must submit their ID card before leaving for the day.
Corrected:
Each of the employees must submit his or her ID card before leaving for the day.
(Alternative modern option: "...submit their ID card..." for gender neutrality.)
Explanation:
Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement – "Each" is singular, so the pronoun should be
singular ("his or her"). However, "their" is often accepted in modern usage for gender
neutrality.

3. Original:
The manager is not only efficient but also he communicates clearly and
motivates the team.
Corrected:
The manager is not only efficient but also communicates clearly and motivates the team.
Explanation:
Redundancy and faulty parallelism – "He" is unnecessary and disrupts the parallel
structure. All items in the sentence now follow a consistent grammatical form.

4. Original:
The candidate performed better in the written test than in the interview was
conducted.
Corrected:
The candidate performed better in the written test than in the interview.
Explanation:
Faulty comparison and redundancy – The phrase “was conducted” is unnecessary
and awkward. The comparison is between performance in two tests, not the manner
in which they were conducted.

5. Original:
The product is completely unique and should be launched as soon as possible.
Corrected:
The product is unique and should be launched as soon as possible.
Explanation:
Redundancy – “Completely unique” is incorrect because “unique” is absolute (it can't
be more or less unique). The modifier "completely" is unnecessary.

Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related
to TENSES.
Marks: 15 (3 marks each)
Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
2. Briefly explain the correction made (e.g., incorrect tense usage, tense
inconsistency, misuse of perfect or progressive forms, etc.).

Sentences:
1. I am knowing the answer, but I didn’t want to say it in front of everyone.
2. By the time we reached the station, the train leaves.
3. He was working here since five years before he moved to Canada.
4. She goes to school yesterday even though she was feeling sick.
5. The team has discussed the project in the meeting that took place last month.

Answer:

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1. Original:
I am knowing the answer, but I didn’t want to say it in front of everyone.
Corrected:
I know the answer, but I didn't want to say it in front of everyone.
Explanation:
 “Know” is a stative verb and does not take the continuous form ("am
knowing" is incorrect).
 The past tense “didn't” is fine in the second clause.
 Correction focuses on proper use of simple present with stative verbs.

2. Original:
By the time we reached the station, the train leaves.
Corrected:
By the time we reached the station, the train had left.
Explanation:
 The main clause is in past tense, so the action completed before that must
use past perfect ("had left").
 Correction focuses on sequence of past actions (past vs. past perfect).

3. Original:
He was working here since five years before he moved to Canada.
Corrected:
He had been working here for five years before he moved to Canada.
Explanation:
 "Since five years" is incorrect; use “for five years.”
 To show a continuous action up to a point in the past, use past perfect
continuous ("had been working").
 Correction involves past perfect continuous tense and "for" vs. "since".

4. Original:
She goes to school yesterday even though she was feeling sick.
Corrected:
She went to school yesterday even though she was feeling sick.
Explanation:
 The adverb "yesterday" requires simple past tense — not present ("goes").
 Correction is about verb tense agreement with time expressions.

5. Original:
The team has discussed the project in the meeting that took place last month.
Corrected:
The team discussed the project in the meeting that took place last month.
Explanation:
 Present perfect tense ("has discussed") is incorrect with a specific past time
("last month").
 Use simple past for completed actions in the past with a time reference.

Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related
to PRONOUN FORMS and PERSON AGREEMENT.
Marks: 15 (3 marks each)
Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.

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 2. Briefly explain the correction made (e.g., incorrect person, number, or pronoun
case like subject/object/possessive).

Sentences:
1. Me and my brother went to the bookstore, but him wanted to leave early.
2. You must respect elders, and one should always listen to their advice.
3. She invited my friends and I to the party, but us couldn’t attend.
4. Each of them brought their books, but I forgot mine and asked if I could borrow
them one of you.
5. It was us who completed the entire project, not them.

Answer:

1. Original:
Me and my brother went to the bookstore, but him wanted to leave early.
Corrected:
My brother and I went to the bookstore, but he wanted to leave early.
Explanation:
 "Me" is incorrect as a subject; use "I."
 Place the other person first: "My brother and I."
 "Him" is an object pronoun; as the subject of the second clause, it should be
"he."

2. Original:
You must respect elders, and one should always listen to their advice.
Corrected:
You must respect elders, and you should always listen to their advice.
Explanation:
 Mixing "you" and "one" in the same sentence creates a person shift.
 Keep the same point of view/person for clarity and consistency — here, second
person ("you").

3. Original:
She invited my friends and I to the party, but us couldn’t attend.
Corrected:
She invited my friends and me to the party, but we couldn’t attend.
Explanation:
 "I" is incorrect as an object; use "me" after a verb like "invited."
 "Us" is incorrect as a subject; the correct subject pronoun is "we."

4. Original:
Each of them brought their books, but I forgot mine and asked if I could borrow
them one of you.
Corrected:
Each of them brought their books, but I forgot mine and asked if I could borrow one from
you.
Explanation:
 "Borrow them one of you" is ungrammatical and awkward.
 Rewritten using correct word order and object structure: "borrow one from
you."

5. Original:

20
It was us who completed the entire project, not them.
Corrected:
It was we who completed the entire project, not they.
Explanation:
 After a linking verb like "was", use the subject form of the pronoun: "we,"
"they."
 Although "It was us/them" is common in speech, formal grammar calls for
"we/they."

Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related
to COMPARISONS.
Marks: 15 (3 marks each)
Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
2. Briefly explain the correction made (e.g., faulty comparison structure, ambiguous
comparison, missing words, etc.).

Sentences:
1. The population of Chennai is greater than Mumbai.
2. My friend's cooking is better than my mother.
3. She likes reading novels more than watching movies.
4. This brand of coffee is stronger and tastes better than the previous.
5. The designs produced by the intern are more innovative than the senior designer.

1. Original:
The population of Chennai is greater than Mumbai.
Corrected:
The population of Chennai is greater than that of Mumbai.
Explanation:
 The sentence incorrectly compares “population” to “Mumbai”.
 You need to compare population to population, so use "that of Mumbai" to
refer back to "population."

2. Original:
My friend's cooking is better than my mother.
Corrected:
My friend's cooking is better than my mother's.
Explanation:
 Faulty comparison between "cooking" and "my mother" (a person).
 Correct by implying "my mother's cooking", often shortened to "my mother's"
for clarity and correctness.

3. Original:
She likes reading novels more than watching movies.
Corrected (Option 1):
She likes reading novels more than she likes watching movies.
Corrected (Option 2):

21
She likes reading novels more than watching movies. (If the meaning is she prefers
novels over movies.)
Explanation:
 The original sentence is ambiguous: does she prefer reading to watching, or
reading novels to watching movies?
 Add clarity by completing the second clause or rewording depending on intended
meaning.

4. Original:
This brand of coffee is stronger and tastes better than the previous.
Corrected:
This brand of coffee is stronger and tastes better than the previous one.
Explanation:
 Faulty comparison: "the previous" is incomplete.
 Complete the comparison with “one” to clearly refer to the previous brand/type
of coffee.

5. Original:
The designs produced by the intern are more innovative than the senior
designer.
Corrected:
The designs produced by the intern are more innovative than those produced by the
senior designer.
Explanation:
 Illogical comparison between "designs" and "designer" (thing vs. person).
 Corrected by clearly comparing designs to designs using “those.”

Rewrite the following five sentences correcting any grammatical errors related
to MODIFIERS.
Marks: 15 (3 marks each)
Instructions:
For each sentence:
1. Rewrite the sentence correctly.
2. Briefly explain the correction made (e.g., dangling modifier, squinting modifier,
misplacement of adjective or prepositional phrase, etc.).

Sentences:
1. While typing the report, the power went out suddenly.
2. He told his friend when the meeting was over he would help him.
3. Covered with thorns, I couldn’t touch the rose bush.
4. We saw a painting of a girl in the museum that was stolen last year.
5. The teacher praised the student with a bright smile on her face.

1. Original:
While typing the report, the power went out suddenly.
Corrected:
While I was typing the report, the power went out suddenly.
Explanation:
 Dangling modifier – The modifier “While typing the report” has no clear subject.
 Added “I was” to clarify who was typing.

2. Original:

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He told his friend when the meeting was over he would help him.
Corrected:
He told his friend that he would help him when the meeting was over.
– or –
When the meeting was over, he told his friend he would help him.
Explanation:
 Squinting modifier – “When the meeting was over” is placed in a way that could
modify either “told” or “help.”
 Rewriting eliminates ambiguity by clearly linking the time phrase with the
intended action.

3. Original:
Covered with thorns, I couldn’t touch the rose bush.
Corrected:
I couldn’t touch the rose bush, which was covered with thorns.
Explanation:
 Dangling modifier – “Covered with thorns” incorrectly describes “I.”
 Corrected by clarifying that it was the rose bush that was covered with thorns.

4. Original:
We saw a painting of a girl in the museum that was stolen last year.
Corrected:
In the museum, we saw a painting of a girl that was stolen last year.
– or –
We saw, in the museum, a painting of a girl that was stolen last year.
Explanation:
 Misplaced prepositional phrase modifier – “in the museum” wrongly seems
to modify “the girl.”
 Repositioned to clearly indicate the location of the painting or the action of
seeing.

5. Original:
The teacher praised the student with a bright smile on her face.
Corrected:
With a bright smile on her face, the teacher praised the student.
– or –
The teacher, with a bright smile on her face, praised the student.
Explanation:
 Ambiguous modifier – “with a bright smile on her face” could refer to either the
student or the teacher.
 Rewriting clarifies that the teacher is the one smiling.

Write an essay in about 200–250 words on any one of the following topics:
1. Work from Home: Boon or Burden?
2. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Everyday Life
3. The Growing Need for Environmental Awareness
4. The Influence of Peer Pressure on Young Adults

Instructions:
Your essay must clearly demonstrate your ability to use the following grammar concepts.
You will be evaluated on both your content (ideas, structure, coherence) and your
language use (based on the grammar areas listed below).
Grammar Focus:
 Parallelism
 Modifiers

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  Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement
 Comparisons
 Tenses
 Redundancy
 Pronouns
 Conjunctions

Answer:

Work from Home: Boon or Burden?

(Annotated for grammar concepts)
The COVID-19 pandemic popularized the concept of working from home, transforming it
from a rare privilege to a global necessity. While this shift brought flexibility, it also
introduced challenges that continue to affect employees and organizations alike.
Tenses: “popularized,” “brought,” “introduced” – all in past tense for background.
On the one hand, remote work allows individuals to save commuting time, balance
personal and professional responsibilities, and create a more comfortable work
environment.
Parallelism: “save,” “balance,” and “create” – all in base verb form for a parallel
structure.
Employees can structure their day, wear comfortable clothes, and avoid daily traffic — all
of which increase job satisfaction and reduce stress.
Parallelism and Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement: “all of which” refers back to the
three benefits mentioned.
On the other hand, working from home can blur the boundaries between professional and
personal life.
Modifier: “working from home” correctly modifies the subject of the sentence.
Many employees find it difficult to “switch off,” leading to burnout.
Modifier: “leading to burnout” correctly modifies the entire clause about switching off.
In addition, lack of face-to-face communication may reduce collaboration, limit
spontaneous ideas, and weaken team spirit.
Parallelism again with “reduce,” “limit,” and “weaken.”
Tasks that require coordination, quick feedback, or collective decision-making often
suffer.
Conjunctions: “or” joins items in a logical list.
It is more beneficial to individuals who are self-disciplined, tech-savvy, and capable of
working independently than to those who require constant supervision or thrive in a
social environment.
Comparisons: Logical comparison between types of individuals.
Parallelism: “self-disciplined, tech-savvy, and capable…”
Therefore, hybrid systems — combining both online and offline modes — are increasingly
becoming the preferred approach.
Modifier: “combining both online and offline modes” is a participial phrase modifying
“hybrid systems.”
Ultimately, whether work from home is a boon or burden depends on individual roles,
responsibilities, and preferences.
Parallelism: “roles, responsibilities, and preferences.”
What matters most is finding a balance that supports productivity, mental well-being,
and organizational goals.
Conjunction: “and” joins three objects of “supports.”
Pronoun–Antecedent: “that” refers clearly to “balance.”

24
Essay: The Importance of Critical Thinking in the Age of Information
In today’s digital world, information is abundant, but the ability to think critically has
become more crucial than ever. With countless sources available online, students must
learn how to analyse, evaluate, and question what they read instead of accepting
everything at face value. Schools and colleges are now incorporating critical thinking into
their curricula to help learners distinguish between facts, opinions, and misinformation.
This skill not only improves academic performance but also prepares students to make
informed decisions in everyday life.
However, critical thinking is not developed overnight. It requires consistent practice,
guidance from educators, and exposure to diverse viewpoints. A student who is trained
to think critically is more likely to challenge assumptions, solve problems creatively, and
engage in meaningful discussions. Although technology can support critical thinking
through interactive platforms and access to varied content, it can also contribute to
information overload if not used wisely. Therefore, educators must strike a balance
between using digital tools and encouraging reflective thought. In conclusion,
encouraging critical thinking is essential in shaping responsible, independent, and
analytical individuals who can navigate the modern world intelligently.

Instructions:
Part A
1. Summarize the main idea of the essay in 3–4 sentences.
2. Mention two advantages and one difficulty related to developing critical thinking.

Part B
Read the essay carefully. Identify and write the relevant sentence(s) for each:
1. Parallelism
2. Modifiers
3. Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement
4. Comparison
5. Tense
6. Redundancy
7. Pronouns
8. Conjunctions

Part A – Answers
1. Summary (3–4 sentences):

In the digital era, critical thinking is vital as students face a flood of online
information. Instead of accepting content blindly, they must evaluate and
question what they encounter. Educational institutions are focusing on developing

25
 this skill to help students succeed academically and in life. While technology can
aid critical thinking, it can also cause information overload, so a balance is
necessary.
2. Two advantages and one difficulty related to developing critical thinking:
Advantages:
o Helps students distinguish between facts, opinions, and misinformation.
o Prepares them to make informed and independent decisions.
Difficulty:
o Requires time, practice, and guidance to develop effectively.

Part B – Answers
1. Parallelism:
"analyse, evaluate, and question what they read..."
– (Three verbs in parallel form.)
2. Modifiers:
"With countless sources available online, students must learn how to analyse..."
– ("With countless sources available online" is a modifying phrase describing the
situation.)
3. Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement:
"A student who is trained to think critically is more likely to challenge
assumptions..."
– ("A student" is singular; the pronoun “who” correctly refers back to it.)
4. Comparison:
"A student who is trained to think critically is more likely to challenge
assumptions..."
– (Implied comparison between students trained to think critically and those who
are not.)
5. Tense:
"Schools and colleges are now incorporating critical thinking into their curricula..."
– (Present continuous tense showing an ongoing action.)
6. Redundancy:
"...access to varied content, it can also contribute to information overload..."
– (The sentence is concise and avoids redundancy, but indirectly references the
issue of repetitive or overwhelming content.)
7. Pronouns:
"...students must learn how to analyse, evaluate, and question what they read..."
– (“They” refers to “students.”)
8. Conjunctions:
"...challenge assumptions, solve problems creatively, and engage in meaningful
discussions."
– (“And” is a coordinating conjunction linking the final part of a parallel list.)

26