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Motion Full Notes Class9

Chapter 8 of Class 9 Science covers the concept of motion, defining it as the change in position of an object over time, and introduces types of motion such as rectilinear, circular, periodic, and rotational. It distinguishes between distance (scalar) and displacement (vector), and explains speed, velocity, and acceleration, including their graphical representations. The chapter also presents equations of uniformly accelerated motion and discusses uniform circular motion, emphasizing the importance of reference points and the differences between scalar and vector quantities.

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21 views2 pages

Motion Full Notes Class9

Chapter 8 of Class 9 Science covers the concept of motion, defining it as the change in position of an object over time, and introduces types of motion such as rectilinear, circular, periodic, and rotational. It distinguishes between distance (scalar) and displacement (vector), and explains speed, velocity, and acceleration, including their graphical representations. The chapter also presents equations of uniformly accelerated motion and discusses uniform circular motion, emphasizing the importance of reference points and the differences between scalar and vector quantities.

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mrspanishbon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 8: Motion – Class 9 Science

1■■ Introduction to Motion


● Motion → Change in position of an object with time.
● Rest → When position does not change with time.
● Reference point (origin) is necessary to describe motion.

2■■ Types of Motion


● Rectilinear → Along a straight line.
● Circular → Along a circular path.
● Periodic → Repeats after equal intervals (e.g. pendulum).
● Rotational → Body rotates about its own axis.

3■■ Distance and Displacement


● Distance → Total path length (scalar).
● Displacement → Shortest straight line from initial to final position (vector).
→ Displacement ≤ Distance.

4■■ Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration


● Speed = Distance / Time (scalar).
● Velocity = Displacement / Time (vector).
● Uniform velocity → Equal displacements in equal intervals.
● Acceleration = Change in velocity / Time taken.
→ Positive acceleration (speed ↑), Negative acceleration (retardation, speed ↓).

5■■ Graphical Representation of Motion


**(a) Distance-Time Graph**
● Slope = Speed.
● Straight line → Uniform speed.
● Curved line → Non-uniform speed.

**(b) Velocity-Time Graph**


● Slope = Acceleration.
● Area under graph = Distance travelled.

6■■ Equations of Uniformly Accelerated Motion


1. v = u + at (Final velocity)
2. s = ut + ½at² (Displacement)
3. v² - u² = 2as (Relation between velocity and displacement)

where, u = initial velocity, v = final velocity, a = acceleration, t = time, s = displacement.

7■■ Uniform Circular Motion


● When an object moves along a circular path with uniform speed.
● Speed constant, but velocity changes (direction changes).
● Example: Motion of planets around Sun, electron around nucleus.

Key concepts to remember:


● Motion is relative to a reference point.
● Distance is scalar, displacement is vector.
● Speed is scalar, velocity is vector.
● Acceleration = rate of change of velocity.
● Graphs help interpret motion (slope, area).
● 3 equations of motion describe uniformly accelerated motion.
● Uniform circular motion has constant speed but changing velocity.

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