Class 9 Science - Chapter: Motion
1. Motion
Motion is when a body changes its position with respect to time and a reference point.
2. Types of Motion
- Translational
- Rectilinear
- Circular
- Periodic
- Rotational
3. Key Terms
- Distance: Total path covered (scalar)
- Displacement: Shortest path from start to end (vector)
- Uniform Motion: Equal distance in equal time
- Non-uniform Motion: Unequal distance in equal time
- Speed = Distance / Time
- Velocity = Displacement / Time
- Acceleration = (v - u) / t
4. Distance vs Displacement
Distance Displacement
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
Always positive Can be positive, zero or negative
Total path covered Shortest path between two points
5. Speed vs Velocity
Speed Velocity
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
Class 9 Science - Chapter: Motion
No direction Has direction
Speed = Distance / Time Velocity = Displacement / Time
6. Equations of Motion
1. v = u + at
2. s = ut + 1/2at²
3. v² = u² + 2as
7. Graphs of Motion
Distance-Time and Velocity-Time graphs help us understand motion visually. Shapes indicate types of
motion:
- Horizontal Line: Constant velocity (zero acceleration)
- Slanting Line Up: Uniform acceleration
- Slanting Line Down: Uniform deceleration
- Curve Up: Increasing acceleration
- Line at 0: Object at rest
- Line below axis: Motion in opposite direction
8. Uniform Circular Motion
Movement in a circle at constant speed.
Centripetal force keeps the object in the circle.
Speed = 2 × pi × r / T
9. Practice Questions
* Easy:
1. Define motion. Give two examples.
2. Differentiate distance and displacement.
3. SI units of speed and acceleration?
Class 9 Science - Chapter: Motion
4. What is uniform motion?
* Medium:
1. Car covers 20 km in 30 min. Speed?
2. Derive: v = u + at
3. Graph for uniform acceleration
4. Acceleration if v=20 m/s in 4s from rest?
* Hard:
1. Derive all 3 equations using graphs
2. Car from 5 to 25 m/s in 10s. a=? d=?
3. Circular motion at constant speed: Uniform?
4. Avg speed for 40 km/h and 60 km/h halves?
10. Very Difficult NCERT In-text Questions
Q: Can displacement be zero even when distance is not zero?
A: Yes, if a body returns to its starting point (e.g., circular track).
Q: A train moves with velocity v. What will be its displacement-time graph?
A: A straight slanted line, showing uniform displacement over time.
Q: Derive the equation: s = ut + 1/2 at² using graphs.
A: From the area under velocity-time graph: total area = triangle + rectangle.
Area = ut + 1/2 at²
11. Answer Key
* Easy:
1. Motion: When position changes with time. Ex: Car on road.
2. Distance: Total path, Displacement: Shortest path.
3. Speed: m/s, Acceleration: m/s²
Class 9 Science - Chapter: Motion
4. Equal distance in equal time
* Medium:
1. Speed = 20,000 m / 1800 s = 11.11 m/s
2. From v-t graph slope and area
4. a = (20 - 0) / 4 = 5 m/s²
* Hard:
1. Use graphical method with v-t graph
2. a = (25-5)/10 = 2 m/s²; d = ut + 1/2at² = 5×10 + 0.5×2×100 = 100 m
3. Accelerated, direction keeps changing
4. Avg speed = (2×40×60)/(40+60) = 48 km/h
