Industry 4.

0
Topic: Core Technologies: Cloud Computing and Fog Computing
 What is computing?

❑ Computing is the process of using computer technology to complete a given

goal-oriented task.

❑ Computing may encompass the design and development of software and hardware
systems for a broad range of purposes - often structuring, processing and managing any kind
of information to aid in the pursuit of scientific studies, making intelligent systems, and
creating and using different media for entertainment and communication.

❑ the use of a computer to process data or perform calculations.

❑ It has scientific, engineering, mathematical, technological and social aspects.
 What is Cluster Computing?

❑A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in

many respects they form a single computer.
❑The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast

local area networks.

❑Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that provided

by a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of
comparable speed.
 What is Cluster Computing?

❑ Advantages
❑ Increasing speed – better performance
❑ optimized resources utilization
❑ Can execute Large applications

❑ Disadvantages
❑ Complex programming models
❑ Difficult for debug and development
 What is Grid Computing?

• Grid computing is a form of distributed computing in which a "super and virtual computer" is
composed of a cluster of networked, computers to perform very large tasks.

❑ Computing grids are conceptually and logically like electrical grids. In an electrical grid, wall
outlet allow us to connect to an infrastructure of resources which generate and distribute the
electricity. Likewise, in the IT industry, grid computing uses middleware to coordinate distinct IT
resources over the network, allowing them to function and work as a virtual whole.

❑ The goal of a computing grid , like that of a electrical grid, is to provide users with access to the
resources they need, when they need them and to provide remote access to IT assets and
aggregating processing power.

❑ Grid provides a series of distributed computing resources via LAN or WAN to the terminal
user’s application, as if he is using a super virtual computer.
 What is Grid Computing?
❑ Grid computing is the integration of computer resources for achieving similar objective.

❑ Grids are frequently created with middleware software libraries of a common grid.

❑ Grids are a type of dispersed computing system, whereas a virtualized super computer is made
from various networked.

❑ Grids focus on two different but associated objectives—supplying isolated access to IT

resources and building up processing control.

❑ The grid is a technology which controls two factors—allocation and trust.

 What is Mobile Computing?

❑ Mobile Computing is a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and

video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device without having to be
connected to a fixed physical link. The main concept involves −

❑ Mobile communication
❑ Mobile hardware
❑ Mobile software
❑ The mobile communication in this case, refers to the infrastructure put in place to ensure that
seamless and reliable communication goes on. These would include devices such as protocols,
services, bandwidth, and portals necessary to facilitate and support the stated services. The
data format is also defined at this stage.
Mobile Hardware
Mobile hardware includes mobile devices or device components that receive or access the service of
mobility. They would range from portable laptops, smartphones, tablet Pc's, Personal Digital
Assistants.
Mobile software
Mobile software is the actual program that runs on the mobile hardware. It deals with
the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications. This is the engine of the mobile
device. In other terms, it is the operating system of the appliance. It's the essential
component that operates the mobile device.
Mobile Computing?
Mobile Computing
Mobile Computing
 Cloud Computing

❑ Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially

data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by
the user

❑ Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network

based computing that takes place over the Internet,

❑ basically a step on from Utility Computing

❑ a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and
Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
❑ Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware,
software and networking services to clients
 Basic Concepts
❑ There are certain services and models working behind the scene making the cloud
computing feasible and accessible to end users. Following are the working models
for cloud computing:

❑ Deployment Models
❑ Service Models
Deployment Model
 ❑ The Public Cloud allows systems and services to be
Deployment Models easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud
may be less secure because of its openness, e.g.,
e-mail.

❑ The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be

accessible within an organization. It offers increased
security because of its private nature.

❑ Community Cloud -The Community Cloud allows

systems and services to be accessible by group of
organizations.

❑ The Hybrid Cloud -is mixture of public and private

cloud. However, the critical activities are performed
using private cloud while the non-critical activities are
performed using public cloud.
 Hybrid Cloud
Top 5 Hybrid Cloud
Providers:
● Amazon

● Microsoft

● Google

● Cisco

● NetApp
 INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE
Service Models
(IAAS)
● IaaS provides access to fundamental

resources such as physical machines,

virtual machines, virtual storage, etc.
PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)
● PaaS provides the runtime environment

for applications, development &

deployment tools, etc.
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)
● SaaS model allows to use software

applications as a service to end users

IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

A) On demand self services:

i. computer services such as email, applications, network or server service can be provided
without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
ii. Cloud service providers providing on demand self services include Amazon Web Services
(AWS), Microsoft, Google, IBM and Salesforce.com.
B) Broad network access:
i. Cloud Capabilities are available over the network and
ii. accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick
client platforms such as mobile phones, laptops and PDAs.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
C) Resource pooling:
i. The provider’s computing resources are pooled together
to serve multiple consumers using multiple-tenant
model, with different physical and virtual resources
dynamically assigned and reassigned according to
consumer demand.
ii. The resources include storage, processing, memory,
network bandwidth, virtual machines and email
services as mobile phones, laptops and PDAs.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

D) Rapid elasticity:
i. Cloud services can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically to quickly
scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in.
ii. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited
and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
iii. Rapid elasticity allows users to automatically request additional space in the cloud or other types
of services. Because of the setup of cloud computing services, provisioning can be seamless for
the client or user.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

❑ Elasticity allows the cloud provider’s customers to achieve cost savings and this is often a core
reason for adoption of cloud services
❑ Example - Say that 10 servers are required for a three month project. With cloud services the
company can provision them within minutes, pay a small monthly operation + execution fee to run
them rather than a large upfront capital investment cost, and decommission them at the end of the
three months with no further charge.
Benefits
Fog Computing

Fog Computing: Survey of Trends, Architectures, Requirements, and Research Dire

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.01090.pdf
 The Role of the Data Center
Data centers are an integral part of the enterprise, designed to support business applications and provide services such
as:

• Data storage, management, backup and recovery

• Productivity applications, such as email
• High-volume e-commerce transactions
• Powering online gaming communities
• Big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence
Sample Objective Questions
● What are the deployment models of cloud computing model
● What is a hybrid cloud? How can hybrid clouds help enterprises?
● Describe the notion of elasticity within cloud computing and highlight how it differs
from scalability.
Sample Long Questions

● What are the characteristics and benefits of cloud computing, and how has it
impacted the IT industry?
● Explain in brief the different deployment models available in Cloud
computing. Prepare a comparative analysis of the deployment models based
on cost vs. Security and scalability vs. control metrics.
 MCQ
● 1. What is Cloud Computing?
● A) A way to store data on physical servers
B) A technology that enables access to shared computing resources via the internet
C) A service to manage local servers
D) A network used for offline file storage
● 2. Which of the following is NOT a cloud service model?
● A) IaaS
B) PaaS
C) SaaS
D) CaaS
 MCQ
● 3. Which of the following is an example of Software as a Service (SaaS)?
● A) Google Cloud Platform
B) Microsoft Azure
C) Dropbox
D) Amazon Web Services (AWS)
● 4. What does IaaS stand for?
● A) Internet as a Service
B) Infrastructure as a Service
C) Information as a Service
D) Intelligence as a Service
 MCQ
● 5. Which of the following is a characteristic of Cloud Computing?
● A) Limited scalability
B) High upfront costs
C) On-demand self-service
D) Requires physical hardware installation
● 6. Which of the following is a major advantage of using cloud storage over
traditional storage?
● A) Higher cost
B) Limited access
C) Flexibility and scalability
D) Dependency on physical hardware
 MCQ
● 7. What is the main purpose of a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)?
● A) To provide a private, isolated network in the cloud
B) To allow virtual machines to run on-premise
C) To increase the bandwidth for cloud applications
D) To reduce the storage cost of cloud services
● 8. Which of the following is a feature of Platform as a Service (PaaS)?
● A) Provides virtual machines to host applications
B) Offers software for end users
C) Provides hardware resources like storage and networking
D) Offers platforms to develop and deploy applications without worrying about
the underlying infrastructure
 MCQ
● 9. What does the "pay-as-you-go" model in cloud computing mean?
● A) You only pay for the services that are available
B) You pay a fixed rate regardless of usage
C) You only pay for the resources you use
D) You do not pay anything until a service is fully used
● 10. Which of the following is an example of a public cloud provider?
● A) Oracle Cloud
B) Microsoft Azure
C) Google Cloud
D) All of the above