Class Notes
Science Science is the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experiments, and
reasoning. It helps us understand how things work, why they happen, and how they can be used to
improve life. Science is based on evidence and can change when new discoveries are made.
Characteristics of Science Observation – Careful study of nature and events. Experimentation – Testing
ideas to confirm facts. Evidence-Based – Conclusions are drawn from facts, not guesswork. Self-
Correcting – Old ideas can be replaced by new discoveries. Universal – The laws of science apply
everywhere. Branches of Science Physical Science – Studies matter and energy (Physics, Chemistry). Life
Science – Studies living things (Biology, Zoology, Botany). Earth Science – Studies the Earth (Geology,
Meteorology). Space Science – Studies outer space and the universe (Astronomy). Applied Science –
Uses scientific knowledge in real life (Medicine, Engineering, Technology). Importance of Science
Improves healthcare through medicines and vaccines. Provides modern means of communication and
transportation. Helps in agriculture and food production. Leads to inventions that make life easier
(electricity, internet, machines). Solves global challenges like climate change and energy needs.
Problems of Science Can be misused to create dangerous weapons. Some discoveries may harm the
environment. Ethical issues in areas like cloning and genetic engineering. Overdependence on
technology caused by scientific advancement. Conclusion
Science is one of the most important tools for human progress. It explains the natural world, improves
living conditions, and shapes the future. However, it must be used responsibly to benefit society and
protect the planet.
