INTRODUCTION TO
Arduino
Hardware & Software Installation
Activity Puzzle Time
Match the names given in the box to the Arduino.
1) Digital pins
2) Analog Pins
3) Power Connector
4) Power Pins
5) ATMega328 microcontroller
6) USB
7) Reset Button
Scan the QR code to cross check the answers to the puzzle.
Activity Solution
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What is Arduino
Arduino is an open-source prototyping platform. It is used by
tinkerers, hobbyists, and makers to design and develop solutions
to solve real world problems. It consists of both a physical
programmable circuit board and a software, or IDE (Integrated
Development Environment), where you can write and upload
the computer code to the physical board.
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Arduino IDE
Installation
Download Arduino IDE Tutorial Video Arduino IDE
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Worksheet
Time
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Did You Know?
In 2005, building upon the work of Hernando SBC has microprocessor(s),
Barragán (creator of Wiring), Massimo memory, input/output (I/O)
Banzi and David Cuartielles created Arduino, an and other features required
easy-to-use programmable device for of a functional computer
interactive art design projects, at the
Interaction Design Institute Ivrea in Ivrea, Italy
Arduino
Interface
Arduino Interface
Introduction to IDE Options
Arduino IDE is an interface where you can write, compile, upload, debug and see the output in a serial monitor.
File
Sketchbook: Shows the current sketches within the sketchbook folder structure; clicking on any name opens the
corresponding sketch in a new editor instantly.
File
Examples:
Any example provided by the Arduino Software (IDE) or library shows up in this menu item. All the examples are structured in
a tree that allows easy access by topic or library.
Sketch
Verify/Compile: Checks your sketch for errors by compiling it.
Upload: Compiles and loads the file onto the board.
Upload Using Programmer: This will overwrite the bootloader on the board. It
allows you to use the full capacity of the Flash memory for your sketch.
(Rarely used).
Export Compiled Binary: Saves a (. hex) file that may be kept as archive or sent
to the board using other tools.
Show Sketch Folder: Opens the current sketch folder.
Include Library: Adds a library to your sketch by inserting #include statements
at the start of your code. Additionally, from this menu item you can access
the Library Manager and import new libraries from .zip files that you have
downloaded through other sources.
Add File: Adds a source file to the sketch (it will be copied from its current
location). The new file appears in a new tab in the sketch window
Tools
Auto Format: This formats your code visually: i.e. indents it so that opening and closing curly braces line up, and that the
statements inside curly braces are indented more.
Archive Sketch: Archives a copy of the current sketch in .zip format. The archive is placed in the same directory as the
sketch.
Fix Encoding & Reload: Fixes possible discrepancies between the editor char map encoding and other operating systems
char maps.
Tools
Serial Monitor: Opens the serial monitor window and acts as a separate terminal to display the output data
transmitted from the sensors.
Board: To select the board that you're using.
Port: This menu contains all the serial devices (real or virtual) on your machine.
Programmer: For selecting a hardware programmer when programming a board or chip and not using the on-board
USB-serial connection. (Rarely used).
Burn Bootloader: This allows you to burn a bootloader onto the microcontroller on an Arduino board. (Rarely used).
Worksheet
Time
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Did You Know?
The first widely distributed Arduino
Arduino Uno uses a different USB
board, the Diecimila, was released in
chip which makes installation of
2007.
the Arduino software lot easier.
Blink a LED using
Arduino
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Activity
Blink the inbuilt LED on Arduino.
▪ Double click on Arduino IDE to open the Arduino programming interface.
▪ Click on File → Examples → Basics → Blink. (To open sample blink programme for Inbuilt
LED)
▪ Click on Tools → Board. (Select the Arduino UNO board from the list)
▪ Click on Tools → Port. (Select the COM port connected to the Computer)
▪ Click on Tools → Programmer. (Select Arduino ISP from the list)
▪ Click on Sketch → Verify/Compile. (To check whether the programme is free from errors)
▪ Click on Sketch → Upload. (To upload the programme in Arduino)
ANALYSIS
Using the example code present in Arduino, it is possible to blink the In-built LED without any connection and
through the code itself.
Arduino LED Blinking
Now connect the LED to PIN no. 13 as shown in the diagram & Try again using the code used for blinking an Inbuilt LED.
Worksheet
Time
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Did You Know
An incandescent lamp converts about 9- LEDs contain no mercury— and at least
10 percent of the energy fed to it into 95 percent of an LED is recyclable.
light, whereas LEDs convert nearly 100
percent of the energy they consume as
light.
Coding & Basics
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Video on Explanation of Basics of coding
in Arduino IDE
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Video on explanation of basics of coding in Arduino IDE
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Video on explanation of program flow by demonstrating
example codes present in Arduino IDE
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Sample Code
Explanation
Operators in programming language.
Sl.No Name of operator Symbol Syntax
1 Addition + a+b
2 Subtraction - a–b
3 Multiplication * a*b
4 Division / a/b
5 Increment Prefix ++ ++a
6 Increment postfix ++ a++
7 Decrement prefix -- --a
8 Decrement postfix -- a--
9 Basic assignment = a=b
10 Equal to == a==b
11 Not equal to != a!=b
12 Greater than > a>b
13 Less than < a<b
Greater than or equal
14 >= a>=b
to
15 Less than or equal to <= a<=b
Any Doubt’s in
Programming
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Worksheet
Time
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Arduino
Troubleshooting
Let’s Troubleshoot Arduino Connections and code
Try to find out the possible errors that can be present in the image shown in next slide and try to correct the
code.
Find the Errors and troubleshoot!
Connect the circuit as shown and write the code mentioned in IDE
Answer!
Instructions for correcting the code
and connections
▪ Connect the yellow (signal pin) to digital pin 9.
▪ In void setup() function there is a semicolon missing for the command. Correct command is servo.attach(servoPin);
▪ In void loop() function, delay function is written as delay and not Delay. The correct code follows: delay(15);
▪ In void loop() function, in for loop function the variable declaration is corrected as angle and not Angle. The correct
code follows: for(angle=180;angle>0;angle--)
▪ Correcting the following codes will result in successful compile without any errors and will result in uploading of
programme to the board without any errors.
General Errors while Compiling
SEMI COLON ERROR: This type of error is generated when we forget to put a semicolon at the end of the instruction.
VARIABLE NAME ERROR: A variable is used to save the data which has a name, value and type.
▪ We should keep in mind not to assign a variable name starting with a number
▪ No spacing in between the variable name
▪ The variable name once assigned has to be used the same throughout the programme.
BRACKET MISSING ERROR: This type of error generates whenever either opening bracket or closing bracket missing
in the programme.
SERIAL PORT NOT FOUND ERROR: This error is generated whenever we upload the programme without selecting the
port number.
General Errors while Compiling
BOARD ERROR: This error is generated whenever a wrong board is selected for the programme. To solve this error,
select the proper board before uploading the programme.
OTHER ERRORS: If a programme is written for Arduino Mega and the digital input pins are assigned more than 13, then
the following code cannot run on Arduino UNO as it has less number of digital pins as compared to Arduino Mega.
WRONG CONNECTION ERROR: If a programme is written for led and output pin is assigned to digital pin 10 but the
connection is made for digital pin 11 then the led will function as per the programme.
Worksheet
Time
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Did You Know?
Once your computer is connected with Arduino via USB cable, it remembers the port
assigned. The next time you connect to the same port it will automatically get
connected to the same port number. You don’t have to again follow the process of
adding the port.
