Outlines
Control Statements
Selection/Decision
Iteration/Looping
Jumping
1
Selection Statements
Selection Statements are also called Decision Making Statements.
Selection
Selection Statements
Switch Statement
2
if Statements
if Statements
Simple if
if else
else- if Ladder
Nested if
3
Simple if
Syntax :
if (condition)
{
statement1;
}
Purpose: The statements will be evaluated if the value of the condition is true.
4
Simple if
Flow Chart: Start
True False
Condition
Statements
End
5
Example
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if else
Syntax :
if (condition)
{
statement1;
}
else
{
statement2;
}
Purpose: The statement 1 is evaluated if the value of the condition is true otherwise
statement 2 is evaluated.
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if else
Flow Chart: Start
True False
Condition
Statement 1 Statement 2
End
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Example
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else-if Ladder
Syntax :
if(condition)
statements;
else if(condition)
statements;
else if(condition)
statements;
...
...
else
statements;
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Examples else if (day == 3)
import java.util.Scanner; {
class Day System.out.println("\n Wednesday");
{ }
public static void main(String args[]) else if (day == 4)
{ {
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("\n Thursday");
System.out.println("Enterday between 0 to 6 Day = "); }
int day = s.nextInt(); else if (day == 5)
if (day == 0) {
{ System.out.println("\n Friday");
System.out.println("\n Sunday"); }
} else if (day==6)
else if (day == 1) {
{ System.out.println("\n Saturday");
System.out.println("\n Monday"); }
} else
else if (day == 2) {
{ System.out.println("\n Wrong input");
System.out.println("\n Tuesday");
} }
}
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}
Nested if
• A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else.
• Nested ifs are very common in programming.
Syntax :
if(condition)
{
if(condition)
statements....
else
statements....
}
else
{
if(condition)
statements....
else
statements....
}
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Example
13
switch
Syntax :
switch (expression)
{
case value 1 :
statement 1 ; break;
case value 2 :
statement 2 ; break;
...
...
case value N :
statement N ; break;
default :
statements ; break;
}
Purpose: The statements N will be evaluated if the value of the logical expression is true.
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switch
Start
Flow Chart:
Variable or Expression
Case A Case A Statements
break;
True
False
Case B Case B Statements
True
break;
False
… Case C Statements
True break;
False
default Default Statements
End
15
Example
16
Iteration Statements
Iterations/ Loops
Each loop has four types of
statements :
while
Initialization
Condition checking
Execution
Increment / Decrement do while
for
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while
Syntax:
m=1
initialization while(m<=20)
while(final value) {
{ System.out.println(m);
statements; m=m+1;
increment/decrement; }
}
Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given
increment/decrement.
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Example
print values from 1 to 10
class while1 Output :
{ 1
public static void main(String args[]) 2
{ 3
int i=1; 4
while(i<=10) 5
{ 6
System.out.println("\n" + i); 7
i++; 8
} 9
} 10
}
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do while
Syntax:
initialization m=1
do do
{ {
statements; System.out.println(m);
increment/decrement; m=m+1;
} }
while(final value); while(m==20);
Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given
increment/decrement.
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Example
class dowhile1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i = 1;
int sum = 0;
do
{ // sum 0, 1,3,6,10,,15,21,28,,36,45,55
// I =1 ,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
sum = sum + i;
i++;
}while (i<=10);
System.out.println("\n\n\tThe sum of 1 to 10 is .. " + sum);
}
}
Output :
The sum of 1 to 10 is .. 55 22
for
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition; increment/decrement) for(m=1;m<=20;m++)
{ {
statements; System.out.println(m);
} }
Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given
increment/decrement.
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Example
class for1
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<5;i++)
{
System.out.println("\nExample of for loop ");
}
}
Output :
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
Example of for loop
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Jump Statements
Jump
break
continue
return
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The break statement
This statement is used to jump out of a loop.
Break statement was previously used in switch – case statements.
On encountering a break statement within a loop, the execution continues with the next
statement outside the loop.
The remaining statements which are after the break and within the loop are skipped.
Break statement can also be used with the label of a statement.
A statement can be labeled as follows.
statementName : SomeJavaStatement
When we use break statement along with label as,
break statementName;
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Example
class break1 Output :
{ 1
public static void main(String args[]) 2
{ 3
int i = 1; 4
while (i<=10)
{
System.out.println("\n" + i);
i++;
if (i==5)
{
break;
}
}
}
}
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continue Statement
This statement is used only within looping statements.
When the continue statement is encountered, the next iteration starts.
The remaining statements in the loop are skipped. The execution starts from the
top of loop again.
27
Example
class continue1
{ public static void main(String args[]) Output :
{ 1
for (int i=1; i<10; i++) 3
{ 5
if (i%2 == 0) 7
{ 9
continue;
}
System.out.println("\n" + i);
}
}
}
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The return Statement
The last control statement is return. The return statement is used to
explicitly return from a method.
That is, it causes program control to transfer back to the caller of the
method.
The return statement immediately terminates the method in which it is
executed.
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Example
class Return1
{
public int show(int c, int d)
{
return c+d; Output :
} 30
public static void main(String args[])
{
Return1 obj = new Return1();
System.out.println(" ---"+obj.show(10,20));
}
}
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Thank You
