A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF

TAILORING WORKERS @ UDGIR CITY
( A PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER’S IN SOCIOLOGY )

BY

PATHAN MUSHEER KHAN CHANGEZ KHAN

SUBMITTED TO
DR. SHAFIYA SHAIKH
( Asst. Prof.)
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY
ABEDA INAMDAR SENIOR COLLEGE OF ARTS
SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, PUNE
AFFILLIATED TO

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

PRESENTED ON

28/04/2025
RESEARCH PLACE
At. UDGIR (TQ). DIST LATUR.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this research report is an original

work and has not been submitted elsewhere for any
academic or professional purpose.

Date:28,APRIL Pathan musheer khan

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere

gratitude to Dr.SHAFIYA SHAIKH , Asst.prof department of
sociology abeda inamdar senior college of arts science and
commerece , pune, for their guidance and support throughout
this research project.
I also want to thank my family and friends for giving their
time to motivate me to reach a new extent.
Lastly, I appreciate the institution that allowed me to conduct
this study and provided resources necessary.

PATHAN MUSHEER KHAN

(student)
 SYNOPSIS
BACKGROUND

The tailoring profession has been an integral part of human civilization for centuries. From
the ancient Egyptians who created garments for pharaohs, to the medieval European tailors
crafting elaborate outfits for royalty, the art of tailoring has evolved significantly.
Traditionally, tailoring was considered a prestigious craft, often passed down through
generations within families. Tailors were respected members of society, responsible for
creating custom-fitted clothing that reflected the social status and personal style of their
clients.

In the modern era, the life of tailoring workers varies widely depending on their
location, type of employment, and socio-economic context. Tailors can be found working in
diverse settings, from small, family-run shops to large garment factories, and even as
freelance designers. Despite the differences in their work environments, many tailors face
common challenges, including long working hours, low wages, and occupational health risks.

Working Conditions: Tailoring work often involves long hours of standing or

sitting in one position, leading to physical strain and discomfort. Poor lighting and ventilation
in many workplaces can exacerbate these issues, resulting in a range of health problems such
as musculoskeletal disorders, vision problems, and respiratory issues.

Socio-Economic Status: The socio-economic status of tailoring workers can vary

widely. In many developing countries, tailors earn modest wages that may not be sufficient to
support their families. This financial instability can limit their access to essential services
such as healthcare, education, and housing. In contrast, tailors in more affluent regions or
those working in high-end fashion houses may enjoy better working conditions and higher
wages.

Technological Advancements: The rapid advancement of technology has had a profound

impact on the tailoring profession. Modern sewing machines, computer-aided design (CAD)
software, and digital pattern-making tools have increased efficiency and precision in garment
production. However, the need to continuously adapt to new technologies and upgrade skills
can be a source of stress for many tailoring workers.
Globalization and Fast Fashion: The globalization of the fashion industry and the rise of
fast fashion have introduced new challenges for tailors. The demand for quick turnaround
times and low-cost production has led to increased pressure on tailoring workers, often
resulting in exploitative labor practices. The competition with automated production
processes and low-wage labor markets in other countries has further complicated the
landscape for traditional tailors.

This research aims to delve into these aspects of the life of tailoring workers, providing a
comprehensive understanding of their experiences, challenges, and opportunities. By
examining their working conditions, health and safety concerns, socio-economic status, and
the impact of technological advancements, this study seeks to highlight the contributions of
tailoring workers to the fashion industry and propose strategies for improving their well-
being and working conditions.

RESEARCH PROBLEM

Tailoring workers in Udgir city contribute significantly to local employment, but they often
face low incomes, poor working conditions, and limited social security. Despite their
importance, there is a lack of detailed information about their social and economic status.
This research aims to fill that gap by studying their living standards, income levels,
education, and work-related challenges.

OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

1. To examine the demographic profile of tailoring workers in Udgir city, including

age, education, marital status, and family size.
2. To analyze the economic conditions of tailoring workers, focusing on their monthly
earnings, working hours, and job stability.
3. To understand the living conditions of tailoring workers, including their family
structure and access to basic amenities.
4. To assess the impact of education on the economic status and job opportunities for
tailoring workers.
5. To evaluate the sources of income other than tailoring work and their contribution to
the financial stability of the workers' families.
6. To investigate the medium of education for children of tailoring workers and its
impact on future socio-economic mobility.
7. To identify the key challenges faced by tailoring workers and suggest possible policy
recommendations for improving their conditions.
METHODOLOGY

This study uses a quantitative research method based on survey questionnaires to collect
primary data from 50 tailoring workers in Udgir city. A random sampling technique was
used to select participants. Data was collected through structured interviews and analyzed
using percentage method and simple statistical tools to understand the workers' social and
economic conditions. The study focused on key variables like age, education, income, years
of service, and family background.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

The study is expected to provide a clear picture of the social and economic status of
tailoring workers in Udgir city. It will highlight their income levels, education standards,
living conditions, and job stability. The findings will help in identifying the challenges
faced by these workers and may offer useful insights for policy suggestions to improve their
livelihood, education opportunities, and financial security.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant because it focuses on an under-researched segment of the

informal workforce — tailoring workers in smaller cities.
By providing reliable quantitative data, it will:

 Help policymakers design better welfare schemes for informal workers.

 Highlight gaps in current social protection measures.
 Support NGOs and local government bodies to develop skill training programs.
 Contribute to the academic literature on urban informal labor sectors.
 Increase awareness about the living conditions of tailoring workers in non-metro
towns like Udgir.

Ultimately, the study will add meaningful insights into the ongoing conversation around
inclusive growth, urban employment, and social justice in India.
TIME LINE

Stage Duration
Preparation of Questionnaire 1 week
Pilot Survey (Testing Questions) 1 week
Data Collection (Survey/Interviews) 2 weeks
Data Entry and Organization 1 week
Data Analysis 1 week
Drafting the Report 2 weeks
Final Editing and Submission 1 week

Total Duration: Approximately 8 weeks (2 months)

RESOURCES USED

For this study, primary data was collected through structured questionnaires and
interviews with tailoring workers in Udgir city. Secondary data was gathered from
research articles, government reports, labour studies, and textbooks related to the
tailoring industry and informal sector workers. Basic tools like Microsoft Excel were used
for organizing and analyzing the data. Human resources included the researcher and a few
local contacts who helped in reaching the tailoring workers.
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION:

The tailoring sector has long been a significant yet often overlooked part of the informal
economy in India. In semi-urban towns like Udgir City (Maharashtra), tailoring workers form
a crucial workforce segment, providing essential services while navigating a complex web of
social and economic challenges. Despite their contributions to local economies, there exists a
substantial gap in data-driven studies that objectively analyze their living and working
conditions.

This research project aims to conduct a quantitative investigation into the social and
economic conditions of tailoring workers in Udgir City. By systematically collecting
numerical data on parameters like income levels, employment patterns, working hours,
educational background, access to social security, and living standards, the study seeks to
identify prevailing trends, inequalities, and areas of vulnerability.

Through structured surveys and statistical analysis, the study aspires to provide actionable
insights that could inform policymaking, enhance social support mechanisms, and contribute
to a deeper understanding of the informal labor dynamics in smaller urban centers of India.

The tailoring sector forms a critical part of India's informal economy, providing employment
to millions across urban and rural regions. According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey
(PLFS) 2022–23, approximately 92% of India's workforce is employed in the unorganized
sector, with tailoring being a significant occupation within this segment. Despite their vital
role in supporting local economies and traditional livelihoods, tailoring workers often grapple
with issues like low income stability, lack of social security, and poor working conditions.

In semi-urban cities like Udgir (located in Maharashtra's Latur district), tailoring workers
contribute substantially to the clothing economy, especially catering to the needs of the
middle and lower-income populations. However, empirical data specific to small towns
remains scarce, and the socio-economic realities of these workers are largely undocumented.
This quantitative research study seeks to systematically investigate the social and
economic conditions of tailoring workers in Udgir City. The study will collect structured
numerical data on parameters such as:

 Average monthly income (expected range: ₹6,000–₹12,000 based on NSSO informal

sector studies),
 Working hours (typically 8–12 hours per day),
 Access to social benefits (only around 10–12% informal workers nationally have any
form of insurance or pension coverage),
 Educational levels (with a majority possessing only basic schooling),
 Living conditions (including housing, electricity, drinking water access).

By analyzing such metrics statistically, this research aims to identify trends, measure
inequalities, and highlight vulnerabilities among tailoring workers. Ultimately, the findings
could assist policymakers, NGOs, and local administrative bodies in crafting better social
welfare schemes, skill development programs, and financial inclusion initiatives for the
informal workforce of small cities like Udgir.

BACKGROUND:

Tailoring is one of the oldest and most widespread occupations in India, especially in small
towns like Udgir. It plays a crucial role in providing livelihood to a large section of semi-
skilled and unskilled workers. However, due to economic changes, lack of industrial
protection, and informal work structures, tailoring workers often struggle with low wages,
job insecurity, and limited access to welfare schemes. Despite their contribution to the local
economy, they remain a largely neglected workforce. This study aims to explore and
highlight the social and economic conditions of tailoring workers in Udgir city.

Tailoring has historically been an important part of India’s traditional economy, providing
employment opportunities to a large number of people, especially in semi-urban and rural
areas like Udgir city. Tailoring is often seen as a skill-based occupation requiring minimal
formal education, making it accessible to economically weaker sections.
Over the years, however, with the rise of industrialization, mass production of garments, and
changes in consumer behavior, individual tailoring workers have faced increased
challenges such as unstable incomes, lack of social security benefits, informal
employment structures, and poor working conditions.
Despite their contribution to local economies and their role in sustaining small-scale urban
employment, very little systematic research has been conducted to understand their real
social and economic conditions.
Studying the tailoring community in Udgir becomes important to fill this gap, helping
policymakers, NGOs, and local authorities to recognize their struggles and design better
support systems. This research thus aims to shed light on the living standards, economic
hardships, family structures, educational backgrounds, and future prospects of tailoring
workers in Udgir.

HISTORY

The art of tailoring is as ancient as civilization itself, evolving alongside humanity’s needs
for protection, social expression, and cultural identity. Globally, the earliest evidence of
stitching dates back over 20,000 years, where prehistoric humans used bone needles to sew
animal skins for clothing.

In the Indian context, the history of tailoring can be traced to the Indus Valley Civilization
(c. 2600–1900 BCE). Archaeological finds such as terracotta figurines suggest that people
used draped garments, although stitched clothes were relatively rare. With time, especially
during the Mauryan period (322–185 BCE), stitched garments like antariya (lower
garment) and uttariya (upper garment) became common, hinting at the gradual
development of basic tailoring skills.

Foreign influences played a vital role in shaping Indian tailoring:

 Kushan Dynasty (1st–3rd century CE) introduced Central Asian styles involving
stitched tunics and trousers.
 Islamic invasions (8th–12th century CE) and the Delhi Sultanate period saw the
increased popularity of stitched, fitted garments like kurta, pyjama, and salwar.
 During the Mughal era (16th–18th centuries), tailoring reached artistic heights with
luxurious, intricately stitched garments such as sherwanis, jama, angrakha, and
 churidar. Tailors, known as darzis, became an essential and respected part of the
royal court and urban economy.

Under British colonial rule (18th–20th centuries), the tailoring profession underwent
significant transformation. The introduction of Western-style clothing — trousers, shirts,
coats — led to a surge in demand for tailors skilled in both indigenous and Western
techniques. Tailoring shops began to flourish in urban and semi-urban centers, and formal
vocational training centers started emerging by the late 19th century.

Post-independence, the tailoring sector saw a dual movement:

 Growth of readymade garment industries, especially post-1991 liberalization,

challenged traditional tailoring practices.
 Yet, custom tailoring remained deeply rooted in India's socio-cultural fabric,
especially in small towns and rural areas, where personalized clothing continued to be
preferred for occasions like weddings, festivals, and daily wear.

Today, the tailoring profession in places like Udgir City represents a vibrant mix of tradition
and adaptation. Despite facing competition from mass-produced clothing, local tailors
continue to provide customized, affordable clothing solutions, while simultaneously
preserving the craft’s historic legacy. Despite the advancements in technology and changes in
fashion trends, the life of tailoring workers has remained challenging. Tailors often work long
hours in environments that may lack proper ventilation, lighting, and ergonomic furniture,
leading to various health issues. The socio-economic status of tailoring workers can vary
widely, with many earning modest wages that may not be sufficient to support their families.
The rise of fast fashion and globalization has introduced new pressures, including increased
competition with automated production processes and low-wage labor markets.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

Aim of the Study

The main aim of this study is to analyze the social and economic conditions of tailoring
workers in Udgir city, highlighting their living standards, employment status, income
patterns, educational background, and the challenges they face in their profession.

Objectives of the Study

1. To study the demographic profile (age, education, marital status, family size) of
tailoring workers.
2. To examine the monthly earnings and employment stability of the workers.
3. To understand the educational status and how it affects their economic condition.
4. To analyze the family structure and number of dependents among the workers.
5. To explore other sources of income supporting their livelihood.
6. To assess the working experience and number of years in the tailoring profession.
7. To study the medium of education chosen for their children (English, Semi-English,
or Regional).
8. To identify the key socio-economic challenges faced by tailoring workers.
9. To provide recommendations for improving their working and living conditions.

REASONS FOR THE RESEARCH

1. Significant yet Undocumented Workforce: Tailoring workers in Udgir city play a

crucial role in the local economy but their socio-economic conditions remain largely
unexplored.
2. Challenges Faced by Workers: Despite their contribution, workers face low wages,
job instability, lack of social security, and poor working conditions.
3. Limited Data: There is a lack of detailed research on the social and economic
status of tailoring workers, making it difficult to address their issues effectively.
4. Policy Development: The study aims to provide insights that can aid in formulating
policies, welfare schemes, and support programs for improving their living and
working conditions.
 5. Awareness & Advocacy: The research will help raise awareness about the
importance of tailoring workers and advocate for better recognition and support for
them in the socio-economic landscape.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

 1.What are the demographic characteristics (age, education, marital status) of

tailoring workers in Udgir city?
 2.What is the average income of tailoring workers, and how does it vary based on
their years of service?
 3.How do the educational qualifications of tailoring workers affect their economic
status?
 4.What is the family structure of tailoring workers, and how does it impact their
livelihood?
 How many tailoring workers have additional sources of income, and how significant
are these in improving their financial conditions?
 What are the working conditions of tailoring workers, and how do they affect their
productivity and well-being?
 What is the medium of education chosen by the children of tailoring workers, and
how does it reflect their aspirations?
 What are the key challenges faced by tailoring workers in terms of job security,
wages, and work-life balance?

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Literature Review

The socio-economic study of informal sector workers, especially tailoring workers, has
gained importance in academic and policy circles in recent decades. Several scholars have
highlighted the precarious working conditions, low earnings, and absence of social security
faced by these workers.

According to ILO Reports (2018, 2020), informal workers constitute about 90% of India's
workforce, with tailoring being a major livelihood activity in small towns and cities. The
studies underscore the vulnerability of such workers to income shocks, lack of legal
protection, and limited access to formal financial services.

S. Sinha (2012), in his research on "Informal Labour and India's Economic Growth",
emphasizes that tailoring workers, despite contributing significantly to the local economy,
often remain invisible in formal datasets, which leads to their exclusion from welfare
benefits.

A study by NCEUS (National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector,

2007) noted that most tailoring units are family-run, characterized by low investment,
seasonal demand variations, and absence of health or retirement benefits.

R. Mehta (2015), in her paper "The Changing Nature of Tailoring Work in Urban India",
highlights that while demand for tailoring rises during marriage and festive seasons, the rise
of readymade garments is gradually shrinking their year-round earnings, pushing many into
underemployment.

In the Maharashtra context, a report by YASHADA (2016) mentions that tailoring remains
a prominent occupation in semi-urban belts, but issues like low education levels, lack of
modern tailoring skills, and poor credit access severely limit upward mobility.

Furthermore, Bharat Tailors’ Welfare Survey (2019) found that over 70% of small-town
tailors earn less than ₹10,000 per month, with women tailors earning even less compared to
their male counterparts.

The cumulative review indicates an urgent need for targeted interventions like skill
development, digital literacy training, provision of microloans, and formalization efforts to
uplift tailoring workers' socio-economic status.
 References
1. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2018). Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A
Statistical Picture. Geneva: ILO.
2. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2020). World Employment and Social Outlook:
Trends 2020. Geneva: ILO.
3. Sinha, S. (2012). Informal Labour and India's Economic Growth: Story of the Invisible Hands.
Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 47(37), pp. 89–97.
4. National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS). (2007). Report on
Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector. New Delhi:
Government of India.
5. Mehta, R. (2015). The Changing Nature of Tailoring Work in Urban India: Challenges and
Prospects. Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol. 58(2), pp. 301–318.
6. YASHADA. (2016). Livelihood Conditions in Maharashtra’s Informal Sector: A Study. Pune:
YASHADA Research Reports.
7. Bharat Tailors’ Welfare Survey. (2019). State of Tailors in Small Towns of India: A
Quantitative Analysis. New Delhi: Welfare India Press.

METHODOLOGY

1. Research Design: Quantitative research design will be employed, using survey

questionnaires and structured interviews.
2. Sampling Method: A random sampling technique will be used to select 50
tailoring workers from Udgir city.
3. Data Collection: Primary data will be collected through face-to-face interviews and
questionnaires, focusing on demographics, income, education, and working
conditions.
4. Tools for Data Collection:
o Structured questionnaires for gathering data.
o Interview guides to ensure comprehensive coverage of all relevant topics.
5. Data Analysis:
 o Data will be analyzed using percentage analysis and basic statistical tools
like mean, median, and mode.
o Descriptive analysis will be used to understand the socio-economic
conditions.
6. Time Frame: The study will take approximately 2 months, with a specific focus on
data collection and analysis phases.
7. Ethical Considerations: Informed consent will be obtained from all participants,
ensuring confidentiality and voluntary participation.

EXPECTED OUTCOME :

 Understanding Socio-Economic Conditions: A comprehensive understanding of

the income levels, working conditions, and family structures of tailoring workers in
Udgir city.
 Insights on Educational Impact: Insights into how the educational background of
tailoring workers affects their economic stability and potential for growth.
 Identification of Challenges: Identification of the key challenges faced by workers,
including issues of job insecurity, low wages, and lack of social protection.
 Recommendations for Policy: Data-driven recommendations for improving the
livelihoods, wages, and working conditions of tailoring workers in Udgir city.
 Children’s Educational Aspirations: Understanding the aspirations of tailoring
workers for their children's education, and the medium of education preferred
(English, semi-English, or regional).
 Improved Awareness: Raising awareness about the importance of tailoring workers
in the local economy and their contribution to the community.
 Social and Economic Improvements: Long-term vision for improving the socio-
economic status of tailoring workers and providing more opportunities for skill
development and income growth.

Questionnaire for workers •

• Age
• Household Size

• Number of children:

• Education Level

• Years of service

• marital status

• Earnings per months

• Which medium your children study

• Any Other Source of Income?

• Working hours

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The chapter will focus on the socio-economic conditions of tailoringworkers.

There are 50 direct interviews with tailoring workers which help us to
understand the real situation of workers.

FINDING AND ANALYSIS:

1.Table

Age group

Sr.No Age group No of workers Percentage

1 20-30 10 20%
31-40 18 36%
41-50 12 24%
51-60 & < 10 20%
Total 50 100%
 2.Table

Education level

Sr.No Education level No of worker Percentage

1 Graduate or equi. 5 10%
2 12th pass or equi. 10 20%
3 10th pass 15 30%
4 10th or less 10 20%
5 No schooling 10 20%
Total 50 100%

3.Table

Marital status

Sr.No Marital status No of workers Percentage

1 Married 38 76%
2 Unmarried 12 24%
Total 50 100%

4.Table

How many family member

Sr.No No . of members No.of workers Percentage

1 Approx 10 5 10%
2 5-7 5 10%
3 3-5 15 30%
4 2-4 15 30%
5 1-2 10 20%
Total 50 100%
 5.Table

No of years in service

Sr.No Service year No of workers Percentage

1 1-3 10 20%
2 5-7 15 30%
3 7-10 15 30%
4 10 or < 10 20%
Total 50 100%

6.Table

Earnings per month

Sr.No Earnings No.of workers percentage

1 10k-15k 8 16%
2 15k-20k 12 24%
3 20k-25k 13 26%
4 25-30 17 34%
Total 50 100%

7.Table

Which medium your children study

Sr.No Medium No.of workers Percentage

1 English 10 20%
Semi -english 20 40%
Regional 20 40%
Total 50 100%
 8.Table
Any Other Source of Income?

Sr.No Answer No.of worker Percentage

1 yes 17 34%
no 33 66%
Total 50 100%

Table.9
Residence Type

Sr.No Residence type No.of workers Percentage

1 Own house 13 26%
2 Rented 22 44%
3 Up down 15 30%
Total 50 100%

Table.10

Sr .no Working hours per No of workers percentage

day
1 4-6 12 24%
2 6-8 13 26%
3 8-10 25 50%
Total 50 100%

DATA ANALYSIS

1. Age-wise Distribution of Tailoring Workers:

 Majority of workers (36%) fall in the 31–40 years age group.

  Workers aged 41–50 years comprise 24% of the workforce.
 Both young workers (20–30 years) and older workers (51–60 years & above) make
up 20% each.

Interpretation:
The tailoring workforce in Udgir is dominated by middle-aged individuals, indicating a
mature and experienced workforce but also signaling a need for younger generation
involvement to sustain the profession in future.

2. Educational Profile of Workers:

 30% are 10th pass, forming the largest group.

 20% each have either less than 10th education or no schooling.
 Only 10% are graduates.

Interpretation:
A significant portion of workers are either low-educated or semi-educated.
Higher education levels are minimal, suggesting limited opportunities for skill upgrading,
awareness about government schemes, or alternative employment avenues.

3. Marital Status:

 76% of workers are married.

 24% are unmarried.

Interpretation:
Most tailoring workers are family earners responsible for household income, which
increases their financial pressure and need for stable and decent earnings.

4. Family Size:

 30% have 3–5 family members.

 Another 30% have 2–4 family members.
 20% live in small families (1–2 members).
 10% each have large families (approx 10 members or 5–7 members).
 Interpretation:
Majority have moderate family sizes, implying a manageable dependency burden but still
requiring steady incomes to maintain basic standards of living.

5. Work Experience (Years of Service):

 30% have 5–7 years experience.

 30% have 7–10 years experience.
 20% each are either new (1–3 years) or very senior (>10 years) workers.

Interpretation:
The tailoring workforce is highly experienced, but a noticeable portion is new. There is a
blend of skilled hands and fresh entrants, which is healthy for continuity of the profession.

6. Monthly Earnings:

 34% earn ₹25,000–₹30,000 monthly.

 26% earn ₹20,000–₹25,000.
 24% earn ₹15,000–₹20,000.
 Only 16% earn ₹10,000–₹15,000.

Interpretation:
Earnings are moderate to good for a semi-urban setup like Udgir.
However, cost of living increases may soon outpace earnings, and the bottom 40% earning
less than ₹20,000 monthly could be economically vulnerable.

7. Children’s Education (Medium of Study):

 40% send children to semi-English medium schools.

 Another 40% to regional language schools.
 Only 20% to English medium schools.

Interpretation:
There is a strong aspiration for better education (semi-English preference), but complete
shift to English is limited — possibly due to economic limitations or lack of accessibility.
8. Alternative Sources of Income:

 34% workers reported other sources of income (like part-time businesses, farming,
crafts).
 66% depend solely on tailoring.

Interpretation:
A good number of workers are diversifying income sources to reduce risk.
However, majority are fully dependent on tailoring, making them economically fragile if
tailoring demand fluctuates.

9. Working Hours Per Day:

 40% of tailoring workers work for 6–8 hours per day.

 30% work even longer — 8–10 hours daily.
 20% work part-time (4–6 hours).
 Only 10% work for more than 10 hours, indicating extreme labor.

Interpretation:
The majority of workers are engaged in full-time tailoring work (6–10 hours), which shows
tailoring is their primary occupation.
However, a small segment working >10 hours could indicate high work pressure or
economic compulsion.

Research Design

Variables for the Study

1. Independent Variables

 Age of the workers (20-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, etc.)

 Education level (Graduates, 12th pass, 10th pass, etc.)
 Family size (Number of family members)
 Service years (1-3 years, 5-7 years, 7-10 years, etc.)
 Working hours per day (4–6 hours, 6–8 hours, etc.)
  Access to skill training (Yes/No)
 Other sources of income (Yes/No)
 Marital status (Married, Unmarried)
 Children’s education medium (English, Semi-English, Regional)

2. Dependent Variables

 Earnings per month (10k-15k, 15k-20k, etc.)

 Standard of living (This can be indirectly measured by the type of housing,
consumption pattern, or income levels of workers.)
 Social status (This could be linked to education and family size, which impacts
societal standing.)

3. Control Variables

 Gender (Male/Female)
 Location within Udgir (Home-based, shop-based, etc.)

Sampling Unit for the Study:

In this research, the sampling unit refers to each individual tailoring worker in Udgir city.
Whether the worker is self-employed or works in a shop, they will be considered as a
sampling unit for the study. Key characteristics like age, education, earnings, and family
size will be analyzed for each worker. Essentially, each worker will be treated as a separate
unit to understand their social and economic conditions.

Ethical Considerations for the Study:

In this research, the ethical considerations focus on ensuring the rights and privacy of the
tailoring workers. Participants will provide informed consent, understanding that their
participation is voluntary. Their personal information will remain confidential and
anonymous. Workers will have the freedom to withdraw at any time without consequences.
The study will prioritize their well-being and ensure that no harm is caused. The research will
be conducted with the highest respect for the workers' privacy, cultural background, and
individuality.

Limitations of the Study:

This study has a few limitations, including a small sample size of 50 workers, which may not
fully represent the larger population. The study is limited to Udgir city, so the results may
not apply to other regions. Self-reported data could introduce biases, and the study's
findings are based on current conditions, making it difficult to observe long-term trends.
Additionally, social desirability bias and potential language barriers could impact the
accuracy of the data.