Computers use a character set to convert text into binary.
One character set that can be used is ASCII.
Each letter in ASCII can also be represented as a denary value.
D The word BUS has the denary values:
B U S
66 85 83
Convert the denary values into 8-bit binary.
66
85
83
[3]
E Each letter in ASCII can also be represented as a hexadecimal value.
The word KEY has the 8-bit binary values:
K E Y
01001011 01000101 01011001
L Convert the three 8-bit binary values into hexadecimal.
01001011 ...............................................
01000101 ...............................................
01011001 ...............................................
[3]
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LL Give WKUHH other uses of hexadecimal notation in computer science.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
3 .........................................................................................................................................
[3]
LLL State WZR benefits of using hexadecimal notation to represent binary values.
Benefit 1 ............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Benefit 2 ............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
The MAC address of a device is represented using hexadecimal.
A section of a MAC address is shown. Each pair of hexadecimal digits is stored using 8-bit binary.
D Complete the table to show the 8-bit binary equivalents for the section of MAC address. The
first number has already been converted.
6A FF 08 93
01101010
[3]
E Explain why data is stored as binary in computers.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
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A robot arm in a factory is programmed to move products.
The binary instructions to operate the robot arm are:
2SHUDWLRQ %LQDU\,QVWUXFWLRQ
UP 1 1 1 1
DOWN 0 0 0 1
LEFT 1 0 0 1
RIGHT 0 1 1 0
OPEN 1 1 0 0
CLOSE 0 0 1 1
The instructions are entered as hexadecimal values.
An operator enters the values:
& )
Convert the values and write down the operation (e.g. RIGHT) carried out by the robot arm.
9 .............................................................................
1 .............................................................................
C .............................................................................
3 .............................................................................
F .............................................................................
[5]
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A washing machine has a small display screen built into it.
One use of the display screen is to show an error code when a problem has occurred with a
washing cycle.
D State whether the display screen is an LQSXW, RXWSXW or VWRUDJHGHYLFH.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
E The display screen shows a hexadecimal error code:
E04
This error code means that the water will not empty out of the washing machine.
Convert this error code to binary.
[3]
F State why hexadecimal is used to display the error code.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
5 D A manufacturer of aeroplane engines assigns a denary identification number (ID) to each
engine.
One engine has the ID: 0431
L Convert this denary number to a 12-bit binary format.
[2]
LL Show how this number would be represented in hexadecimal.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
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6 A computer uses an 8-bit register.
The 8-bit register contains binary integers.
D Write the denary (base 10) value represented by:
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
E All the bits in the register are shifted RQH place to the ULJKW as shown below.
Write the denary number that is represented after this shift.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
F State the effect the shift to the right had on the original denary number from SDUW D .
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
G The original number in SDUW D is shifted WKUHH places to the ULJKW.
L Show the new binary number:
[1]
LL Write the equivalent denary number.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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7 (a) (i) Convert the following two hexadecimal numbers into binary:
FA7
D3E
FA7
D3E
[4]
(b) (i) The following code shows HTML ‘tag’ pairs on either side of the text stating the colour
that each creates.
<font color “ # F F 0 0 0 0 “ > RED </font>
<font color “ # 0 0 F F 0 0 “ > GREEN </font>
<font color “ # 0 0 0 0 F F “ > BLUE </font>
<font color “ # X “ > YELLOW </font>
<font color “ # Y “ > MAGENTA </font>
<font color “ # Z “ > CYAN </font>
Yellow is a combination of red and green, magenta a combination of red and blue and
cyan a combination of green and blue.
State what 6-digit hexadecimal values should replace X, Y and Z in the above code.
X ........................................................................................................................................
Y ........................................................................................................................................
Z ........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Describe how other colours, such as a darker shade of blue, are created.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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8 Jane answers an examination question about computers and data correctly.
6L[ different words or numbers have been removed from her answer.
&RPSOHWHWKHVHQWHQFHVLQ-DQH·VDQVZHUXVLQJWKHOLVWJLYHQ1RWDOOLWHPVLQWKHOLVWQHHGWREH
used.
• 2
• 10
• 16
• analogue
• binary
• denary
• digital
• hexadecimal
As humans, we process …………………………………… data, but a computer cannot
process this type of data. For a computer to be able to process data it needs to be
converted to …………………………………… data.
As humans, we mostly use a …………………………………… number system;
this is a base …………………………………… number system.
Computers use a …………………………………… number system;
this is a base …………………………………… number system.
[6]
9 Dheeraj identifies WKUHH hexadecimal numbers.
Write the GHQDU\ number for each of the three hexadecimal numbers:
2A ....................................................................................................
101 ...................................................................................................
21E ..................................................................................................
[3]
Working Space
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
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10 Fill in the missing units of data, using the list given:
• byte
• gigabyte (GB)
• megabyte (MB)
• nibble
The units of data increase in size from smallest to largest.
Smallest bit
………………………………………………..
………………………………………………..
kilobyte (kB)
………………………………………………..
………………………………………………..
Largest terabyte (TB)
[4]
11 An alarm clock is controlled by a microprocessor. It uses the 24 hour clock. The hour is represented by
an 8-bit register, A, and the number of minutes is represented by another 8-bit register, B.
(a) Identify what time is represented by the following two 8-bit registers.
A B
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 : 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Hours ............................................ Minutes .........................................
[2]
(b) An alarm has been set for 07:30. Two 8-bit registers, C and D, are used to represent the
hours and minutes of the alarm time.
Show how 07:30 would be represented by these two registers:
C D
Hours Minutes
[2]
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12 (a) Convert the following hexadecimal number into 12-bit binary:
4AF
[3]
(b) The 2016 Olympic Games will be held in Rio de Janeiro. A timer that counts down to the
opening of the Games is shown on a microprocessor-controlled display.
The number of hours, minutes and seconds until the Games open are held in three 8-bit
registers.
The present register values are:
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 105 hours
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 32 minutes
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 20 seconds
The timer will count down in seconds.
(i) Show the values in each 8-bit register 30 seconds after the time shown above:
hours
minutes
seconds
[3]
(ii) Write the hexadecimal value of the minutes register from part (b)(i).
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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11
13 Letters from the alphabet are represented in a computer by the following denary (base 10) values
A = 97
G = 103
I = 105
L = 108
N = 110
The word “A L I G N” is stored as: 97 108 105 103 110
(a) Convert each of the five values to binary. The first one has been done for you.
Letter Denary value
A (97): 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
L (108):
I (105):
G (103):
N (110):
[2]
(b) An encryption system works by shifting the binary value for a letter one place to the left. “A”
then becomes:
1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
This binary value is then converted to hexadecimal; the hexadecimal value for “A” will be:
C 2
For the two letters “L” and “G”, shift the binary values one place to the left and convert these
values into hexadecimal:
hexadecimal
L: .............................................
G: .............................................
[4]
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