Unit-10 (Java Application)

Concept of AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit):

Java AWT is an API that contains large number of classes and methods to create and manage graphical
user interface ( GUI ) applications. The AWT was designed to provide a common set of tools for GUI
design that could work on a variety of platforms. The tools provided by the AWT are implemented using
each platform's native GUI toolkit, hence preserving the look and feel of each platform. This is an
advantage of using AWT. But the disadvantage of such an approach is that GUI designed on one platform
may look different when displayed on another platform that means AWT component are platform
dependent.
AWT is the foundation upon which Swing is made i.e Swing is a improved GUI API that extends the
AWT. But now a days AWT is merely used because most GUI Java programs are implemented using
Swing because of its rich implementation of GUI controls and light-weighted nature.

Swing:
Java Swing is a part of Java Foundation Classes (JFC) that is used to create window-based
applications. It is built on the top of AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit) API and entirely
written in java.
Unlike AWT, Java Swing provides platform-independent and lightweight components.
The javax.swing package provides classes for java swing API such as JButton, JTextField,
JTextArea, JRadioButton, JCheckbox, JMenu, JColorChooser etc.
What is JFC
The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI components which simplify the
development of desktop applications.

Java AWT Vs Swing

AWT Swing

AWT stands for “Abstract Windows Toolkit”. Swing is derived from Java Foundation Classes
(JFC).

AWT components are heavyweight Swing components are written on top of AWT
and as such the components are light-weight.

AWT components are part of the java.awt Swing components are part of javax.swing
package. package.
AWT Swing

AWT is platform - dependent. Swing components are written in Java and are
platform-independent.

AWT doesn’t have its look and feel. It adapts Swing provides a different look and feel of its
the look and feel of the platform on which it own.
runs.

AWT only has basic features and does not Swing provides advanced features like JTabbed
support advanced features like the table, tabbed panel, JTable, etc.
panel, etc.

AWT is as good as a thin layer of classes sitting Swing is larger and also contains rich
on top of the Operating system which makes it functionality.
platform-dependent.

AWT makes us write a lot of things. Swing has most of the features built-in.
Hierarchy of Java Swing classes

The hierarchy of java swing API is given below.

About JFrame:
Whenever you create a graphical user interface with Java Swing functionality, you will need a
container for your application. In the case of Swing, this container is called a JFrame. All GUI
applications require a JFrame. In fact some Applets even use a JFrame.
You can't build a house without a foundation. The same is true in Java: Without a container in
which to put all other elements, you won't have a GUI application. In other words, the JFrame is
required as the foundation or base container for all other graphical components.
A frame is actually a base window on which other components rely, namely the menu bar,
panels, labels, text fields, buttons, etc. Almost every other Swing application starts with the
JFrame window.
How to create a JFrame?
JFrame class has many constructors that are used to create a new JFrame. You can create a
JFrame using these methods:

JFrame(): This helps in creating a frame which is invisible.

JFrame(String Title): Helps in creating a frame with a title.
JFrame(GraphicsConfiguration gc): Creates a frame with blank title and the graphics
configuration of screen.

Java Swing Examples

There are two ways to create a frame:
 By creating the object of Frame class (association)
 By extending Frame class (inheritance)

We can write the code of swing inside the main(), constructor or any other method.
 By creating the object of Frame class (association)

1.By creating the object of Frame class (association)

Simple Java Swing Example
Let's see a simple swing example where we are creating one button and adding it on the JFrame
object inside the main() method.

import javax.swing.*;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
JFrame f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame(associate)
JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);//x axis, y axis, width, height

f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame

f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible

}
}
Example of Swing by Association inside constructor
We can also write all the codes of creating JFrame, JButton and method call inside the java
constructor.
import javax.swing.*;
public class App {
App()
{
JFrame f=new JFrame();//creating instance of JFrame
JButton b=new JButton("click");//creating instance of JButton
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);//x axis, y axis, width,
height
f.add(b);//adding button in JFrame
f.setSize(400,500);//400 width and 500 height
f.setLayout(null);//using no layout managers
f.setVisible(true);//making the frame visible
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new App();
}
}
2.Simple example of Swing by inheritance
We can also inherit the JFrame class, so there is no need to create the instance of JFrame class
explicitly.
import javax.swing.*;
public class App extends JFrame {
App()
{
JButton b=new JButton("click");//create button
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);
add(b);//adding button on frame
setSize(400,500);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}

GUI Elements:
1. JLabel
2. JRadioButton
3. ButtonGroup
4. JCheckBox
5. JTextField
6. JTextArea
7. JButton
8. Border
9. JComboBox
10. JTabbedPane
11. JPasswordField
12. Look and Feel Management in Java Swing

1.JLabel
The object of the JLabel class may be a component for putting text in a container. It’s used to
display one line of read-only text. The text is often changed by an application but a user cannot
edit it directly. It inherits the JComponent class.
Syntax:
JLabel jl = new JLabel();
JLabel Constructors
 JLabel(): It is used to create a JLabel instance with no image and with an empty string
for the title.
 JLabel(String s): It is used to create a JLabel instance with the specified text.
 JLabel(Icon i): It is used to create a JLabel instance with the specified image.
 JLabel(String s, Icon I, int horizontalAlignment): It is used to create a JLabel instance
with the specified text, image, and horizontal alignment.

Exampl
e:
2.JRadioButton
This component allows the user to select only one item from a group item. By using the
JRadioButton component you can choose one option from multiple options.
Syntax: JRadioButton jrb = new JRadioButton();
JRadioButton Constructors
 JRadioButton(): It is used to create an unselected radio button with no text.
 JRadioButton(Label): It is used to create an unselected radio button with specified text.
 JRadioButton(Label, boolean): It is used to create a radio button with the specified text
and selected status.

Code:
import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JFrame f=new JFrame();
JRadioButton r1=new JRadioButton("A) Male",true);
JRadioButton r2=new JRadioButton("B) Female");
r1.setBounds(75,50,100,30);
r2.setBounds(75,100,100,30);
ButtonGroup bg=new ButtonGroup();
bg.add(r1);
bg.add(r2);
f.add(r1);
f.add(r2);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}

Output:
3.JPasswordField
The object of a JPasswordField class is a text component specialized for password entry. It
allows the editing of a single line of text. It inherits JTextField class.

Constructor Description

JPasswordField() Constructs a new JPasswordField, with a default document, null

starting text string, and 0 column width.

JPasswordField(int columns) Constructs a new empty JPasswordField with the specified number
of columns.

JPasswordField(String text) Constructs a new JPasswordField initialized with the specified text.

JPasswordField(String text, int Construct a new JPasswordField initialized with the specified text
columns) and columns.

Code:
import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

 {
JFrame f=new JFrame();

JPasswordField value = new JPasswordField();

JLabel l1=new JLabel("Password:");
l1.setBounds(20,100, 80,30);
value.setBounds(100,100,100,30);
f.add(value); f.add(l1);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}
Output:

4.JCheckBox
The JCheckBox class is used to create a checkbox. It is used to turn an option on (true) or off (false).
Clicking on a CheckBox changes its state from "on" to "off" or from "off" to "on ".It
inherits JToggleButton class.

Constructor Description

JJCheckBox() Creates an initially unselected check box button with no text, no icon.

JChechBox(String s) Creates an initially unselected check box with text.

JCheckBox(String text, boolean Creates a check box with text and specifies whether or not it is initially
selected) selected.

JCheckBox(Action a) Creates a check box where properties are taken from the Action supplied.

Code:

import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JFrame f=new JFrame();

JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("C++");

checkBox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);
JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("Java", true);
checkBox2.setBounds(100,150, 100,50);
f.add(checkBox1);
f.add(checkBox2);
f.setSize(200,200);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}
Output:
5. JComboBox
It inherits the JComponent class and is used to show pop up menu of choices.

import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JFrame f=new JFrame();
String courses[] = { "core java","advance java", "java servlet"};
JComboBox c = new JComboBox(courses);
c.setBounds(40,40,90,20);
f.add(c);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}
Output:

6. JTextArea
The object of a JTextArea class is a multi line region that displays text. It allows the editing of
multiple line text. It inherits JTextComponent class
Commonly used Constructors:
Constructor Description

JTextArea() Creates a text area that displays no text initially.

JTextArea(String s) Creates a text area that displays specified text initially.

JTextArea(int row, int column) Creates a text area with the specified number of rows and columns
that displays no text initially.

JTextArea(String s, int row, int Creates a text area with the specified number of rows and columns
column) that displays specified text.

Code:
import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JFrame f=new JFrame();
JTextArea area=new JTextArea("Welcome to javatpoint");
area.setBounds(10,30, 200,200);
f.add(area);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}

Output
Write a java program to create a GUI form as shown below
Code:
import javax.swing.*;
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
JFrame f=new JFrame();
JTextField nameField;
JTextArea addressArea;
JTextField emailField;
JRadioButton maleButton;
JRadioButton femaleButton;
JComboBox<String> countryComboBox;
JCheckBox hobbyReading;
JCheckBox hobbyTraveling;
JCheckBox hobbySports;
JButton submitButton;
f.setTitle("User Form");
// Create the components
JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("Name:");
nameLabel.setBounds(20, 20, 100, 25);
nameField = new JTextField();
nameField.setBounds(140, 20, 200, 25);
f.add(nameLabel);
f.add(nameField);

JLabel addressLabel = new JLabel("Address:");

addressLabel.setBounds(20, 60, 100, 25);
addressArea = new JTextArea();
addressArea.setBounds(140, 60, 200, 75);
f.add(addressLabel);
f.add(addressArea);

JLabel emailLabel = new JLabel("Email:");

emailLabel.setBounds(20, 150, 100, 25);
emailField = new JTextField();
emailField.setBounds(140, 150, 200, 25);
f.add(emailLabel);
f.add(emailField);
 JLabel genderLabel = new JLabel("Gender:");
genderLabel.setBounds(20, 190, 100, 25);
maleButton = new JRadioButton("Male");
maleButton.setBounds(140, 190, 100, 25);
femaleButton = new JRadioButton("Female");
femaleButton.setBounds(240, 190, 100, 25);
ButtonGroup genderGroup = new ButtonGroup();
genderGroup.add(maleButton);
genderGroup.add(femaleButton);
f.add(genderLabel);
f.add(maleButton);
f.add(femaleButton);

JLabel countryLabel = new JLabel("Country:");

countryLabel.setBounds(20, 230, 100, 25);
String[] countries = {"USA", "Canada", "UK", "Australia", "Other"};
countryComboBox = new JComboBox<>(countries);
countryComboBox.setBounds(140, 230, 200, 25);
f.add(countryLabel);
f.add(countryComboBox);

JLabel hobbiesLabel = new JLabel("Hobbies:");

hobbiesLabel.setBounds(20, 270, 100, 25);
hobbyReading = new JCheckBox("Reading");
hobbyReading.setBounds(140, 270, 100, 25);
hobbyTraveling = new JCheckBox("Traveling");
hobbyTraveling.setBounds(140, 300, 100, 25);
hobbySports = new JCheckBox("Sports");
hobbySports.setBounds(140, 330, 100, 25);
f.add(hobbiesLabel);
f.add(hobbyReading);
f.add(hobbyTraveling);
f.add(hobbySports);

submitButton = new JButton("Submit");

submitButton.setBounds(140, 380, 100, 25);
f.add(submitButton);

f.setSize(400, 500);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}
Border Swing Control in Java
The border is an interface using which we can apply a border to every component. To create the
borders we have to use the methods available in BorderFactory class. We can apply the created
border to any component by using the SetBorder() method.
Syntax: Component.setBorder(Border);
Methods of Border
 Border createLineBorder(Color, int): It is used to create a line border. Here, the Color
object specifies the color of the line and int specifies the width in pixels of the line.
 Border createEtchedBorder(int, Color, Color): It is used to create an etched border.
Here, Color arguments specify the highlight and shadow colors to be used.
Here, int arguments allow the border methods to be specified as
either EtchedBorder.RAISED or EtchedBorder.LOWERED. The methods without
the int arguments create a lowered etched border.
 Border createBevelBorder(int, Color, Color): It is used to create a raised or lowered
beveled border, specifying the colors to use. Here, the integer argument can be either
BevelBorder.RAISED or BevelBorder.LOWERED. Here, Color specifies the highlight
and shadow colors.
 MatteBorder createMatteBorder(int, int, int, int, Icon): It is used to create a matte
border. Here, the integer arguments specify the number of pixels that the border occupies
at the top, left, bottom, and right (in that order) of whatever component uses it. Here, the
color argument specifies the color which with the border should fill its area. Here, the
icon argument specifies the icon which with the border should tile its area.
 TitledBorder createTitledBorder(Border, String, int, int, Font, Color): Create a titled
border. Here, the string argument specifies the title to be displayed. Here, the optional
font and color arguments specify the font and color to be used for the title’s text. Here,
the border argument specifies the border that should be displayed along with the title.
Here, the integer arguments specify the number of pixels that the border occupies at the
top, left, bottom, and right (in that order) of whatever component uses it.
 CompoundBorder createCompoundBorder(Border, Border): Combine two borders
into one. Here, the first argument specifies the outer border; the second, the inner border.
 Code:

import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JFrame f=new JFrame();
JPanel j=new JPanel();
JTextArea area=new JTextArea("Welcome to Samriddhi");
area.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Group Box"));
area.setBounds(10,30, 200,200);
f.add(j);
f.add(area);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}

Output:
Layout Management:
The LayoutManagers are used to arrange components in a particular manner. The Java
LayoutManagers facilitates us to control the positioning and size of the components in GUI
forms. LayoutManager is an interface that is implemented by all the classes of layout managers.
There are the following classes that represent the layout managers:
The Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) has the following 3 layout managers:
 java.awt.BorderLayout
 java.awt.FlowLayout
 java.awt.GridLayout

No Layout:
import javax.swing.*;
public class App extends JFrame{
JFrame f;
App()
{
JButton b=new JButton("click");//create button
b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);

add(b);//adding button on frame

setSize(400,500);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
App app=new App();
}

Flow Layout:
The Java FlowLayout class is used to arrange the components in a line, one after another (in a
flow). It is the default layout of the panel.
Fields of FlowLayout class
 public static final int LEFT(3)
 public static final int RIGHT(2)
  public static final int CENTER(1)
 public static final int LEADING
 public static final int TRAILING

Example:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class App{
JFrame f;
App()
{
f=new JFrame();
JButton b1 = new JButton("1");
JButton b2 = new JButton("2");
JButton b3 = new JButton("3");
JButton b4 = new JButton("4");
JButton b5 = new JButton("5");
JButton b6 = new JButton("6");
JButton b7 = new JButton("7");
JButton b8 = new JButton("8");
JButton b9 = new JButton("9");
JButton b10 = new JButton("10");
f.add(b1); f.add(b2); f.add(b3); f.add(b4); f.add(b5);
f.add(b6); f.add(b7); f.add(b8);
f.add(b9); f.add(b10);

// parameter less constructor is used

// therefore, alignment is center
// horizontal as well as the vertical gap is 5 units.
f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
f.setSize(300, 300);
f.setVisible(true);
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
App app=new App();
}

Output:
Java BorderLayout
The BorderLayout is used to arrange the components in five regions: north, south, east, west, and
center. Each region (area) may contain one component only. It is the default layout of a frame or
window. The BorderLayout provides five constants for each region:
1. public static final int NORTH
2. public static final int SOUTH
3. public static final int EAST
4. public static final int WEST
5. public static final int CENTER

Constructors of BorderLayout class:

 BorderLayout(): creates a border layout but with no gaps between the components.
 BorderLayout(int hgap, int vgap): creates a border layout with the given horizontal and
vertical gaps between the components.
Example:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class App{
JFrame f;
App()
{

f=new JFrame();
// creating buttons
JButton b1 = new JButton("NORTH");; // the button will be labeled as NORTH
JButton b2 = new JButton("SOUTH");; // the button will be labeled as SOUTH
JButton b3 = new JButton("EAST");; // the button will be labeled as EAST
JButton b4 = new JButton("WEST");; // the button will be labeled as WEST
JButton b5 = new JButton("CENTER");; // the button will be labeled as
CENTER

f.add(b1, BorderLayout.NORTH); // b1 will be placed in the North

Direction
f.add(b2, BorderLayout.SOUTH); // b2 will be placed in the South
Direction
f.add(b3, BorderLayout.EAST); // b2 will be placed in the East
Direction
f.add(b4, BorderLayout.WEST); // b2 will be placed in the West
Direction
f.add(b5, BorderLayout.CENTER); // b2 will be placed in the Center

f.setSize(300, 300);
f.setVisible(true);
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
App app=new App();
}

Output:
Grid Layout:
The Java GridLayout class is used to arrange the components in a rectangular grid. One
component is displayed in each rectangle.
Constructors of GridLayout class
 GridLayout(): creates a grid layout with one column per component in a row.
 GridLayout(int rows, int columns): creates a grid layout with the given rows and
columns but no gaps between the components.
 GridLayout(int rows, int columns, int hgap, int vgap): creates a grid layout with the
given rows and columns along with given horizontal and vertical gaps.

Example:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class App{
JFrame f;
App()
{

f=new JFrame();

// creating 9 buttons
JButton btn1 = new JButton("1");
JButton btn2 = new JButton("2");
 JButton btn3 = new JButton("3");
JButton btn4 = new JButton("4");
JButton btn5 = new JButton("5");
JButton btn6 = new JButton("6");
JButton btn7 = new JButton("7");
JButton btn8 = new JButton("8");
JButton btn9 = new JButton("9");
f.add(btn1); f.add(btn2); f.add(btn3);
f.add(btn4); f.add(btn5); f.add(btn6);
f.add(btn7); f.add(btn8); f.add(btn9);
// setting the grid layout using the parameterless constructor
f.setLayout(new GridLayout());

f.setSize(300, 300);
f.setVisible(true);
}

public static void main(String[] args)

{
App app=new App();
}

Output:
Event Handling
An event is one of the most important concepts in Java. The change in the state of an object or behavior
by performing actions is referred to as an Event in Java. Actions include button click, keypress, page
scrolling, or cursor movement.

Java provides a package java.awt.event that contains several event classes.

We can classify the events in the following two categories:

1. Foreground Events
2. Background Events

Foreground Events

Foreground events are those events that require user interaction to generate. In order to generate
these foreground events, the user interacts with components in GUI. When a user clicks on a button,
moves the cursor, and scrolls the scrollbar, an event will be fired.

Background Events

Background events don't require any user interaction. These events automatically generate in the
background. OS failure, OS interrupts, operation completion, etc., are examples of background events.

These are some of the most used Event classes:

Event Class Listener Interface Methods Descriptions

ActionEvent ActionListener actionPerformed() ActionEvent indicates that a

component-defined action
occurred.
FocusEvent FocusListener focusLost() and focusGained() Focus events include focus,
focusout, focusin, and blur.

ItemEvent ItemListener itemStateChanged() Item event occurs when an

item is selected.

KeyEvent KeyListener keyPressed(), keyReleased(), A key event occurs when the

and keyTyped(). user presses a key on the
keyboard.

MouseEvent MouseListener and mouseClicked(), A mouse event occurs when

MouseMotionListene mousePressed(), the user interacts with the
r mouseEntered(), mouse.
mouseExited() and
mouseReleased() are the
mouseListener methods.
mouseDregged() and
mouseMoved() are the
MouseMotionListener()
methods.

MouseWheelEvent MouseWheelListener mouseWheelMoved(). MouseWheelEvent occurs

when the mouse wheel
rotates in a component.

TextEvent TextListener textChanged() TextEvent occurs when an

object's text change.

ActionListener:

The Java ActionListener is notified whenever you click on the button or menu item. It is notified against
ActionEvent. The ActionListener interface is found in java.awt.event package. It has only one method:
actionPerformed().

ActionListener Example:

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
//1st Step Implement ActionListner
public class App implements ActionListener{
JTextField tf;
JButton b;
App()
{
JFrame f=new JFrame();
tf=new JTextField();
tf.setBounds(50,50, 150,20);
b=new JButton("Click Here");
b.setBounds(50,100,60,30);
//2nd step
b.addActionListener(this);
f.add(b);
f.add(tf);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
//3rd Step
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
tf.setText("Hello World");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}
Output:
Lab: Write a java GUI Program to calculate square of entered number
Code:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App implements ActionListener{
JTextField inputField;
JButton calculateButton;
JTextField outputField;
JFrame f=new JFrame();
public App()
{
f.setTitle("Square Calculator");
// Create the components
JLabel inputLabel = new JLabel("Enter any number:");
inputLabel.setBounds(20, 20, 200, 25);
inputField = new JTextField();
 inputField.setBounds(200, 20, 150, 25);
f.add(inputLabel);
f.add(inputField);

calculateButton = new JButton("Calculate Square");

calculateButton.setBounds(200, 60, 150, 25);
f.add(calculateButton);
JLabel outputLabel = new JLabel("Square of Entered Number:");
outputLabel.setBounds(20, 100, 200, 25);
outputField = new JTextField();
outputField.setBounds(200, 100, 150, 25);
calculateButton.addActionListener(this);
f.add(outputField);
f.add(outputLabel);

f.setSize(400, 300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int number = Integer.parseInt(inputField.getText());
int square = number * number;
outputField.setText(String.valueOf(square));
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();
}

}
Lab: Write a java GUI Program to add two numbers from input fields and display sum in text
another textfield after clicking button calculate
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App implements ActionListener{
JTextField firstDigit;
JTextField secondDigit;
JButton calculateButton;
JTextField outputField;
JFrame f=new JFrame();
public App()
{
f.setTitle("Two Digit Calculator");
// Create the components
JLabel firstDigitLable = new JLabel("First Digit:");
firstDigitLable.setBounds(20, 20, 200, 25);
firstDigit = new JTextField();
firstDigit.setBounds(200, 20, 150, 25);
f.add(firstDigitLable);
f.add(firstDigit);

JLabel secondDigitLable = new JLabel("Second Digit:");

secondDigitLable.setBounds(20, 60, 200, 25);
secondDigit = new JTextField();
secondDigit.setBounds(200, 60, 150, 25);
f.add(secondDigitLable);
f.add(secondDigit);

calculateButton = new JButton("Calculate");

calculateButton.setBounds(200, 100, 150, 25);
f.add(calculateButton);

JLabel outputLabel = new JLabel("Sum:");

outputLabel.setBounds(20, 140, 200, 25);
outputField = new JTextField();
outputField.setBounds(200, 140, 150, 25);
calculateButton.addActionListener(this);
f.add(outputField);
f.add(outputLabel);
 f.setSize(400, 300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new App();
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int number1 = Integer.parseInt(firstDigit.getText());
int number2 = Integer.parseInt(secondDigit.getText());
int sum = number1 + number2;
outputField.setText(String.valueOf(sum));
}

ItemListener:
The Java ItemListener is notified whenever you click on the checkbox. It is notified against ItemEvent.
The ItemListener interface is found in java.awt.event package. It has only one method:
itemStateChanged().

Eample:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App implements ItemListener{
Checkbox checkBox1,checkBox2;
Label label;
App()
{
Frame f=new Frame();
label = new Label();
label.setAlignment(Label.CENTER);
label.setSize(400,100);
checkBox1 = new Checkbox("C++");
checkBox1.setBounds(100,100, 50,50);
checkBox2 = new Checkbox("Java");
checkBox2.setBounds(100,150, 50,50);
f.add(checkBox1); f.add(checkBox2); f.add(label);
checkBox1.addItemListener(this);
checkBox2.addItemListener(this);
f.setSize(300,300);
 f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
if(e.getSource()==checkBox1)

label.setText("C++ Checkbox: "

+ (e.getStateChange()==1?"checked":"unchecked"));
if(e.getSource()==checkBox2)
label.setText("Java Checkbox: "
+ (e.getStateChange()==1?"checked":"unchecked"));
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}
Output:

KeyListener:
The Java KeyListener is notified whenever you change the state of key. It is notified against KeyEvent.
The KeyListener interface is found in java.awt.event package. It has three methods.

1. keyPressed(KeyEvent e);
2. keyReleased(KeyEvent e);
3. keyTyped(KeyEvent e);
Example:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App implements KeyListener{
Label l;
TextArea area;
App()
{
Frame f=new Frame();

l = new Label();
l.setBounds(20,50,100,20);
area=new TextArea();
area.setBounds(20,80,300, 300);
area.addKeyListener(this);
f.add(l);
f.add(area);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
l.setText("Key Pressed");
}
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
l.setText("Key Released");
}
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
l.setText("Key Typed");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}

Output:
MouseListener:

The Java MouseListener is notified whenever you change the state of mouse. It is notified against
MouseEvent. The MouseListener interface is found in java.awt.event package. It has five methods.

mouseClicked(), mousePressed(), mouseEntered(), mouseExited() and mouseReleased()

Mouse Listener Example:

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
//1st Step Implement ActionListner
public class App implements MouseListener{
Label l;
App()
{
Frame f=new Frame();
l=new Label();
l.setBounds(20,50,100,20);
f.add(l);
f.addMouseListener(this);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
 f.setVisible(true);
}
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
l.setText("Mouse Clicked");
}
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
l.setText("Mouse Entered");
}
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
l.setText("Mouse Exited");
}
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
l.setText("Mouse Pressed");
}
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
l.setText("Mouse Released");
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}

Output:
 LAB: Write a GUI program using components to find sum and difference of two
numbers. Use two text fields for giving input and a label for output. The program should
display sum if user presses mouse and difference if user release mouse.
LAB: Write a GUI program using components to find sum and difference of two
numbers.Use two text fields for giving input and a label for output. The program should
display sum if user presses key and difference if user release key.

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App {
JLabel l1, l2, l3;
JTextField t1, t2, t3;
JFrame f = new JFrame("New Key Adapter");
App()
{
l1 = new JLabel("First Number:");
l1.setBounds(10,10,200,20);
t1 = new JTextField();
t1.setBounds(150,10,200,20);
l2 = new JLabel("Second Number:");
l2.setBounds(10,40,200,20);
t2 = new JTextField();
t2.setBounds(150,40,200,20);
l3 = new JLabel("Press any key");
l3.setBounds(10,70,200,20);
t3 = new JTextField();
t3.setBounds(150,70,200,20);
t3.addKeyListener(new checkkey());
f.add(l1); f.add(t1); f.add(l2); f.add(t2);f.add(l3);f.add(t3);
f.setSize(600,600);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
class checkkey extends KeyAdapter{
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e)
{
int num1 = Integer.parseInt(t1.getText());
int num2 = Integer.parseInt(t2.getText());
int sum = num1 + num2;
t3.setText(String.valueOf(sum));
}
 }

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();
}
}

MouseMotionListener:
The Java MouseMotionListener is notified whenever you move or drag mouse. It is notified against
MouseEvent. The MouseMotionListener interface is found in java.awt.event package. It has two
methods.

The signature of 2 methods found in MouseMotionListener interface are given below:

1. mouseDragged(MouseEvent e);
2. mouseMoved(MouseEvent e);
MouseMotionListener Example:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App implements MouseMotionListener{
Frame f;
App()
{
f=new Frame();
f.addMouseMotionListener(this);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
Graphics g=f.getGraphics();
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillOval(e.getX(),e.getY(),20,20);
}
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}
Output:

Lab: Write a Java program that displays a list of programming languages like(C#, Java, python,
php) using a JList. When the user selects an item and clicks a button, the selected language
should be displayed in a JLabel using swing.

JList and Its Event

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App implements ActionListener{
JFrame f;
JList<String> list1;
JLabel label;
JButton b;
App()
{
f= new JFrame();
label = new JLabel();
label.setSize(500,100);
b=new JButton("Show");
b.setBounds(200,150,80,30);
String[] l1=new String[]{"Java","C#","C++"};
list1 = new JList<>(l1);
list1.setBounds(100,100, 75,75);

f.add(list1); f.add(b); f.add(label);

f.setSize(450,450);
 f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
b.addActionListener(this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
String data = "";
if (list1.getSelectedIndex() != -1) {
lable.setText(list1.getSelectedValue());
or
data = "Programming language Selected: " +
list1.getSelectedValue();
label.setText(data);
}
label.setText(data);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new App();
}
}
Menu, Menu Item:
Code:
import javax.swing.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JMenu menu, submenu;
JMenuItem i1, i2, i3, i4, i5;
JFrame f= new JFrame("Menu and MenuItem Example");
JMenuBar mb=new JMenuBar();
menu=new JMenu("Menu");
submenu=new JMenu("Sub Menu");
i1=new JMenuItem("Item 1");
i2=new JMenuItem("Item 2");
i3=new JMenuItem("Item 3");
i4=new JMenuItem("Item 4");
i5=new JMenuItem("Item 5");
menu.add(i1);
menu.add(i2);
menu.add(i3);
submenu.add(i4);
submenu.add(i5);
menu.add(submenu);
mb.add(menu);
f.setJMenuBar(mb);
f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}

Output:
Jpopup Menu
Code:
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args)

{
JFrame f= new JFrame("PopupMenu Example");
JPopupMenu popupmenu = new JPopupMenu("Edit");
JMenuItem cut = new JMenuItem("Cut");
JMenuItem copy = new JMenuItem("Copy");
JMenuItem paste = new JMenuItem("Paste");
popupmenu.add(cut);
popupmenu.add(copy);
popupmenu.add(paste);
 f.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
popupmenu.show(f , e.getX(), e.getY());
}
});

f.add(popupmenu);
f.setSize(300,300);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);

}
}

Output:

Option Dialog:
JOptionPane class is used to display four types of dialog boxes

1. MessageDialog - dialog box that displays a message making it possible to add icons to
alert the user.
2. ConfirmDialog - dialog box that besides sending a message, enables the user to answer
a question.
3. InputDialog - dialog box that besides sending a message, allows entry of a text.
4. OptionDialog - dialog box that covers the three previous types.
Example:
import javax.swing.*;
public class App {

public static void main(String[] args) {

JFrame frame = new JFrame("Main Window");

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame, "Hello Java");

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(frame,"Successfully
Updated.","Alert",JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
String name=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(frame,"Enter Name");
int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Do you want to remove
item now?");
frame.setSize(350,350);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}

Program to create a simple JDialog

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class App extends JFrame implements ActionListener {

static JFrame f;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// create a new frame
f = new JFrame("frame");
// create a object
App s = new App();
JButton b = new JButton("click");
b.setBounds(100,120,100,40);
// add actionlistener to button
b.addActionListener(s);
f.add(b);
// set the size of frame
f.setSize(400, 400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
 String s = e.getActionCommand();
if (s.equals("click")) {
// create a dialog Box
JDialog d = new JDialog(f, "dialog Box");
// create a label
JLabel l = new JLabel("this is a dialog box");
d.add(l);
// setsize of dialog
d.setSize(100, 100);
// set visibility of dialog
d.setVisible(true);
}
}

}
Output:

File Chooser:

import javax.swing.JFileChooser;

public class App {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

// Using this process to invoke the constructor,

// JFileChooser points to user's default directory
JFileChooser j = new JFileChooser();
 // Open the save dialog
j.showSaveDialog(null);
}
}
Output:
Example:
Color Chooser:
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class App extends JFrame implements ActionListener{

// create a button
JButton b = new JButton("color");
Container c = getContentPane();
// Constructor
App()
{
// set Layout
c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
// add Listener
b.addActionListener(this);
// add button to the Container
c.add(b);
setSize(400, 400);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
Color initialcolor = Color.RED;
// color chooser Dialog Box
Color color = JColorChooser.showDialog(this,
"Select a color", initialcolor);
// set Background color of the Container
c.setBackground(color);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
App ch = new App();
 }
}
Output:

After Choosing Color Yellow Pressing Ok:

Tables:
In Java, tables are used to arrange data into columns and rows. A column is space that runs horizontally
on a table, while a row is a space that runs horizontally in your table. The intersection between a column
and a row is called a cell and is used to hold singular piece of data.

In Java, developers can use the JTable method to create a table in their applications. JTable is a Swing
component that inherits from the JComponent class.

JTable table = new JTable (row, column);

Lab:Write a java program to display data in tabular format using JTable.

Java Adapter Classes:

Java adapter classes provide the default implementation of listener interfaces. If you inherit the adapter
class, you will not be forced to provide the implementation of all the methods of listener interfaces. So it
saves code.

The adapter classes are found in java.awt.event, java.awt.dnd (drag and drop) and javax.swing.event
packages. The Adapter classes with their corresponding listener interfaces are given below.

java.awt.event Adapter classes

Adapter class Listener interface

WindowAdapter WindowListener

KeyAdapter KeyListener

MouseAdapter MouseListener

MouseMotionAdapter MouseMotionListener

FocusAdapter FocusListener

ComponentAdapter ComponentListener

ContainerAdapter ContainerListener

HierarchyBoundsAdapter HierarchyBoundsListener

java.awt.dnd Adapter classes

Adapter class Listener interface

DragSourceAdapter DragSourceListener

DragTargetAdapter DragTargetListener

javax.swing.event Adapter classes

Adapter class Listener interface

MouseInputAdapter MouseInputListener

InternalFrameAdapter InternalFrameListener
Example:
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class App{

Frame f;
App(){
f=new Frame("Window Adapter");
f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
f.dispose();
}
});

f.setSize(400,400);
f.setLayout(null);
f.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

new App();

}
}