Maths formulas
1. Basic Arithmetic
Addition/Subtraction:
Multiplication/Division:
Percentage:
Average (Mean):
2. Algebra
Quadratic Formula:
x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}
a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b)
a^2 + 2ab + b^2 = (a + b)^2
a^2 - 2ab + b^2 = (a - b)^2
Sum of Cubes:
a^3 + b^3 = (a + b)(a^2 - ab + b^2)
a^3 - b^3 = (a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)
3. Geometry
Perimeter of Rectangle:
Area of Rectangle:
Area of Triangle:
Pythagoras Theorem:
Area of Circle:
Circumference of Circle:
Volume of Cube:
Volume of Cuboid:
Volume of Sphere:
Surface Area of Sphere:
Volume of Cylinder:
Surface Area of Cylinder:
4. Trigonometry
Basic Ratios:
\sin\theta = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Hypotenuse}}, \quad
\cos\theta = \frac{\text{Adjacent}}{\text{Hypotenuse}}, \quad
\tan\theta = \frac{\text{Opposite}}{\text{Adjacent}}
\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1
1 + \tan^2\theta = \sec^2\theta, \quad
1 + \cot^2\theta = \csc^2\theta
\frac{a}{\sin A} = \frac{b}{\sin B} = \frac{c}{\sin C}
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos C
A = \frac{1}{2}ab\sin C
5. Coordinate Geometry
Distance Formula:
d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}
M = \left( \frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2} \right)
m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}
6. Mensuration
Volume of Cone:
Surface Area of Cone:
Volume of Pyramid:
7. Calculus
Derivative (Power Rule):
\frac{d}{dx}(x^n) = nx^{n-1}
(uv)' = u'v + uv'
\left(\frac{u}{v}\right)' = \frac{u'v - uv'}{v^2}
\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}
\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C \quad (n \neq -1)
\int_a^b f(x)dx = F(b) - F(a)
8. Statistics & Probability
Mean:
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Probability:
9. Vectors & Matrices
Magnitude of Vector:
Dot Product:
Cross Product:
Matrix Multiplication:
10. Advanced Maths
Euler’s Formula:
Binomial Theorem:
(a + b)^n = \sum_{k=0}^n \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k}b^k
\frac{dy}{dx} + Py = Q \quad \Rightarrow \quad y = e^{-\int P dx} \left( \int
Q e^{\int P dx} dx + C \right)
