https://www.halvorsen.
blog
Raspberry Pi with MATLAB
Using SPI and I2C
Hans-Petter Halvorsen
Contents
in a previous Tutorial
covered in more detail
These parts are
• Raspberry Pi
• MATLAB
• MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi
• Raspberry PI GPIO
• I2C Overview and Examples
– TC74 I2C Temperature Sensor
• SPI Overview and Examples
– ADC MCP3002
– TMP36 Analog Temperature Sensor + ADC MCP3002
https://www.halvorsen.blog
Raspberry Pi
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
Raspberry Pi
GPIO Pins
SD Card Ethernet
(the Back )
Camera
Connector USB A x 4
Power Supply (USB C) microHDMI x 2
https://www.halvorsen.blog
MATLAB
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
MATLAB
• MATLAB is a tool for technical computing, computation and
visualization in an integrated environment.
• MATLAB is an abbreviation for MATrix LABoratory
• It is well suited for matrix manipulation and problem solving
related to Linear Algebra, Modelling, Simulation and Control
applications, etc.
• MATLAB is popular in Universities, Teaching and Research and
Development (R&D)
www.mathworks.com
https://www.halvorsen.blog
MATLAB Support Package
for Raspberry Pi
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
Raspberry Pi + MATLAB
MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi
Network
PC with MATLAB
With MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi, the Raspberry Pi is connected to a
computer running MATLAB. Processing is done on the computer with MATLAB.
https://mathworks.com/hardware-support/raspberry-pi-matlab.html
Raspberry Pi + MATLAB
Push Button
Sensors
We can read data from Sensors, Cameras,
control LEDs, etc. from our MATLAB
LED Camera
environment on the Desktop Computer
GPIO Pins
MATLAB
PC
Raspberry Pi
MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi
Getting Started with MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi: https://youtu.be/32ByiUdOwsw
Hardware Setup
Getting Started with MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry Pi: https://youtu.be/32ByiUdOwsw
Test Hardware
r = raspi()
or
r = raspi(ipaddres)
https://www.halvorsen.blog
Raspberry Pi GPIO
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
GPIO
GPIO Features
The GPIO pins are Digital Pins which are either True
(+3.3V) or False (0V). These can be used to turn on/off
LEDs, etc.
The Digital Pins can be either Output or Input.
In addition, some of the pins also offer some other
Features:
• PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Digital Buses (for reading data from Sensors, etc.):
• I2C
• SPI
Pins for I2C
Communication
GPIO
Pins for SPI
Communication
https://www.halvorsen.blog
I2C
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
I2C
Multiple devices can be connected to the I2C pins on the Raspberry Pi
Master – Device that generates the clock and initiates communication with slaves
Slave – Device that receives the clock and responds when addressed by the master.
Raspberry Pi
SDA
SCL
I2C Master
SDA SDA
SCL SCL
I2C Slave I2C Slave
…
ADC, DAC, Sensor, etc. with I2C Interface
Access I2C on Raspberry Pi
enableI2C(mypi) enables the I2C bus at its default bus speed of 100000 bps.
You can then use the Raspberry Pi hardware board pins I2C1_SDA (GPIO 2) and
I2C1_SCL (GPIO 3) as I2C pins and interface the Raspberry Pi board with any I2C
device to exchange data.
The I2C bus is enabled by default. To disable I2C, use disableI2C.
I2C Wiring on Raspberry Pi
GPIO 40 pins Connector
Note! The I2C pins include a fixed 1.8 kΩ pull-up resistor to 3.3v.
MATLAB - I2C Interface
https://se.mathworks.com/help/suppor
tpkg/raspberrypiio/i2c-
interface.html?s_tid=CRUX_lftnav
Get Raspberry Pi Information
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
Get Raspberry Pi Information
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi()
showPins(rpi);
Get I2C Address
Get the addresses of I2C devices that are attached to the I2C bus
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
scanI2CBus(rpi,'i2c-1')
Basic Read Example
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
i2caddress = '0x48';
device = i2cdev(rpi,'i2c-1', i2caddress);
value = read(device,1);
disp(value);
Basic Write Example
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
i2caddress = '0x62';
device = i2cdev(rpi,'i2c-1', i2caddress);
value = 4092;
write(device, value);
Read Register
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
i2caddress = '0x48';
device = i2cdev(rpi,'i2c-1', i2caddress);
data = readRegister(device,14);
disp(data);
Read the value of register 14 from the I2C device
Write Register
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
i2caddress = '0x62';
device = i2cdev(rpi,'i2c-1', i2caddress);
data = hex2dec('08');
type = 'uint8'
writeRegister(device,3,data,type)
Write a scalar hexadecimal value, hex2dec('08'), to register 3 on the I2C device
https://www.halvorsen.blog
TC74
Temperature Sensor with I2C Interface
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
TC74 Temperature Sensor
I2C Interface
TC74A0-5.0VAT • The TC74 acquires and converts
temperature information from its onboard
solid-state sensor with a resolution of
±1°C.
• It stores the data in an internal register
which is then read through the serial port.
• The system interface is a slave SMBus/I2C
port, through which temperature data can
be read at any time.
Datasheet: https://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21462D.pdf
TC74 Wiring
+5V Pin 2 SDA - Serial Data – Bidirectional
SDA (GPIO2) Pin3 SCLK - Serial Clock Input
SCL (GPIO3) Pin5 GND Pin 6 VDD – Power Supply Input
Raspberry Pi GPIO Pins
GND – Ground
NC - Not in use (Not Connected)
Wiring
TC74
Raspberry Pi
Read Temperature Example
You read the temperature value directly as a number in degrees Celsius. No conversion or
anything is necessary
clear;
rpi = raspi();
i2caddress = '0x48';
device = i2cdev(rpi,'i2c-1', i2caddress);
temperature = read(device,1);
disp(temperature);
clear device; Read 1 Byte
clear rpi;
Reading Temperature and Plotting
clear;
rpi = raspi();
disp('Initialization...')
i2caddress = '0x48';
device = i2cdev(rpi,'i2c-1', i2caddress);
N = 10;
T = 2;
x = 1:N;
y = zeros(N,1);
disp('Start Reading Temperature Data...')
for i = 1:N
temperature = read(device,1);
disp("T=" + temperature + "°C");
y(i) = temperature;
pause(T);
end
plot(x,y, '-o')
title('Temperature TC74')
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('T[°C]')
xmin=1;xmax=N;ymin=20;ymax=30;
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])
clear device;
clear rpi;
https://www.halvorsen.blog
SPI
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
SPI
• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
• SPI is an interface to communicate with
different types of electronic components
like Sensors, Analog to Digital Converts
(ADC), etc. that supports the SPI
interface
• Thousands of different Components and
Sensors supports the SPI interface
SPI Interface
SPI devices communicate in full duplex mode using a master-slave architecture with a
single master
Raspberry Pi SPI ADC, SPI Sensor, etc.
SCLK SCLK
MOSI MOSI
SPI Master SPI Slave
MISO MISO
CE CE
The SPI bus specifies four logic signals:
• SCLK: Serial Clock (output from master)
• MOSI: Master Out Slave In (data output from master)
• MISO: Master In Slave Out (data output from slave)
• CE (often also called SS - Slave Select): Chip Select (often active low, output from master)
SPI Wiring on Raspberry Pi
GPIO 40 pins Connector
MATLAB - SPI Interface
https://se.mathworks.com/help/supportpkg/raspb
errypiio/spi-interface.html?s_tid=CRUX_lftnav
Find SPI Channels
clear rpi
rpi = raspi();
rpi.AvailableSPIChannels
SPI Example
clear rpi;
rpi = raspi();
spidevice = spidev(mypi,'CE1’,0)
wrdata = [hex2dec('08') hex2dec('D4')]; %Just an example
dataout = writeRead(spidevice, wrdata)
Write Data
Read Data
https://www.halvorsen.blog
ADC with SPI interface
Analog to Digital Converter
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
ADC
• The Raspberry Pi has only Digital pins on the
GPIO connector
• If you want to use an Analog electric
component or an Analog Sensor together with
Raspberry Pi, you need to connect it through
an external ADC chip
• ADC – Analog to Digital Converter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter
ADC
MCPxxx ADC chip
The MCPxxx family of ADC chips uses a SPI Interface
10-bit analog to digital converters (ADC): MCP3002 will be used in this
• MCP3008/3208/3304 have 8 channels (0-7) Tutorial, but all should work in
• MCP3004/3204/3302 have 4 channels (0-3) the same manner
• MCP3002/3202 have 2 channels (0-1)
• MCP3001/3201/3301 only have 1 channel.
Analog Input Using SPI (MCP3008):
https://se.mathworks.com/help/supportpkg/raspberrypiio/ref/analog-input-using-spi.html
Sensors:
https://se.mathworks.com/help/supportpkg/raspberrypiio/sensors.html?s_tid=CRUX_lftnav
MCP3002 ADC chip
The MCP3002 is a 10-bit analog to digital converter with 2 channels (0-1).
The MCP3002 uses a SPI Interface
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/21294E.pdf
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/python-programming-tutorial-getting-started-with-the-
raspberry-pi/experiment-3-spi-and-analog-input
Wiring
https://sites.google.com/a/joekamphaus.net/raspberry-pi-spi-interface-to-mcp3002/
Wiring
+3.3V (Pin 1)
Raspberry Pi GPIO Pins
MOSI GPIO 10 (Pin 19)
MISO GPIO 9 (Pin 21)
SCLK GPIO 11 (Pin 23)
GND(Pin 25)
CS GPIO 8 (Pin 24)
Read Data from ADC
For test purpose we start by wiring a 1.5V Battery to the CH0 (+) and CH1(-) pins on the ADC
1.5V Battery
ADC
Wire the other pins to
the Raspberry Pi
according to previous
wiring schema
Channel Configuration
From MCP3002 Datasheet
1000
1100
0000
0100
For test purpose we
can connect a battery,
or even better using a
Potentiometer
Potentiometer
Potentiometer Raspberry Pi MCP3002 DAC
Output 0-3.3V
GND 3.3V
Wiring
Raspberry Pi
Potentiometer
MCP3002 DAC
Read Data from ADC
clear;
rpi = raspi();
spidevice = spidev(rpi, 'CE0', 0);
data = uint16(writeRead(spidevice,[1, bin2dec('00000000'), 0]));
highbits = bitand(data(2), bin2dec('11'));
adcvalue = double(bitor(bitshift(highbits, 8), data(3)));
voltage = (3.3/1024) * adcvalue;
disp(voltage); You should improve the Code by making a
MATLAB Function, then use the function
clear spidevice; inside a Loop for continuous readings
Clear rpi;
https://se.mathworks.com/help/supportpkg/raspberrypiio/ref/analog-input-using-spi.html
Measure Voltage at CH0
• MCP300x uses the SPI interface to communicate with the SPI controller
which in this case is Raspberry Pi hardware.
• An SPI transaction between MCP300x and Raspberry Pi consist of 3 bytes.
• Raspberry Pi hardware sends a byte containing a value of '1' to MCP300x.
• At the same time, MCP300x sends a “do not care” byte to Raspberry Pi
hardware.
• Raspberry Pi hardware sends another byte to the MCP300x with the most
significant 4 bits containing a value of '1000'. This byte indicates to the
MCP300x that a single-ended voltage measurement at CH0 is requested.
• At the same time, MCP300x sends the bits 9 and 10 of the ADC
measurement.
• Finally, Raspberry Pi hardware sends a “do not care” byte and at the same
time reads the least significant 8 bits of the voltage measurement.
• The 10-bit value read from MCP300x is then converted to a voltage value.
clear;
rpi = raspi();
spidevice = spidev(rpi, 'CE0', 0);
N = 20;
for i = 1:N
data = uint16(writeRead(spidevice,[1, bin2dec('00000000'), 0]));
highbits = bitand(data(2), bin2dec('11'));
adcvalue = double(bitor(bitshift(highbits, 8), data(3)));
%disp(adcvalue);
voltage = (3.3/1024) * adcvalue;
value = sprintf('%.2f', voltage);
disp(value); But turning on the
pause(1); Potentiometer, you should
end
see the voltage goes from
clear mcp3002; 0V to 3.3V (max)
clear rpi;
https://www.halvorsen.blog
TMP36
Analog Temperature Sensor
Hans-Petter Halvorsen Table of Contents
TMP36 Temperature Sensor
A Temperature sensor like TM36 use a
solid-state technique to determine the
temperature.
They use the fact as temperature
increases, the voltage across a diode
increases at a known rate.
https://learn.adafruit.com/tmp36-temperature-sensor
TMP36 Temperature Sensor
Convert form Voltage (V) to degrees Celsius
From the Datasheet we have:
(𝑥! , 𝑦! ) = (0.75𝑉, 25°𝐶)
(𝑥" , 𝑦" ) = (1𝑉, 50°𝐶)
There is a linear relationship between
Voltage and degrees Celsius:
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
This gives:
50 − 25 We can find a and b using the following
𝑦 − 25 = (𝑥 − 0.75)
1 − 0.75 known formula:
Then we get the following formula: 𝑦" − 𝑦!
𝑦 − 𝑦! = (𝑥 − 𝑥! )
𝑦 = 100𝑥 − 50 𝑥" − 𝑥!
Measure Temperature with an ADC
TMP36 Temperature Sensor
Wire a TMP36 temperature sensor to the first channel of an
MCP3002 analog to digital converter and the other pins to +3.3V
and GND
Wiring
+5V (Pin 2)
+3.3V (Pin 1)
MOSI GPIO 10 (Pin 19)
MISO GPIO 9 (Pin 21)
GND SCLK GPIO 11 (Pin 23)
(Pin GND(Pin 25)
39)
CS GPIO 8 (Pin 24)
TMP36
3.3V Vo GND
lta
ge
Wiring
TMP36 MCP3002 DAC
Raspberry Pi
clear;
Read Temperature Value
rpi = raspi();
spidevice = spidev(rpi, 'CE0', 0);
N = 20;
for i = 1:N
data = uint16(writeRead(spidevice,[1, bin2dec('10000000'), 0]));
highbits = bitand(data(2), bin2dec('11'));
adcvalue = double(bitor(bitshift(highbits, 8), data(3)));
%disp(adcvalue);
voltage = (3.3/1024) * adcvalue;
tempC = 100*voltage-50;
value = sprintf('%.2f', tempC);
disp(value);
pause(5);
end
clear spidevice;
clear rpi;
Summary
• Raspberry Pi + MATLAB
• MATLAB Support Package for Raspberry
Pi
• I2C Overview and Examples
– TC74 I2C Temperature Sensor
• SPI Overview and Examples
– ADC MCP3002 + TMP36 Analog
Temperature Sensor
Hans-Petter Halvorsen
University of South-Eastern Norway
www.usn.no
E-mail: hans.p.halvorsen@usn.no
Web: https://www.halvorsen.blog
