Dep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech Department of Computer Science Course Title: Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Course Code: CoSc 3034 Credit Hours: 3 Chapter 2: Mobile Computing Akfete. A YouTube and Telegram channel: Mo’i_T-Tech https://t.me/Moi_TTech Akfete. A Ga) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’ Chapter 2: Mobile Computing 2.1, Fundamentals of Mobile computing 2.2. Mobile devices and Mobile OS 2.3. Mol le Computing Issues and Challenges 2.4, Mobile Computing Technologies 2.5. Mobile Computing Applications 2.1 Fundamentals of Mobile Computing Mobile computing is the ability to compute and access information and applications from anywhere, anytime using a mobile device. It is a dynamic field that has revolutionized the way we interact with technology and the world around us. Mobile Computing refers a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device. It is free from having a connection with a fixed physical link. It fi al itates the users to move from one physical location to another during communication, The concept of Mobile Computing can be divided into three parts: © Mobile Communication Mobile Hardware © Mobile Software Mobile Communication Mobile Communication specifies a framework that is responsible for the working of mobile computing technology. In this case, mobile communication refers to an infrastructure that ensures seamless and reliable communication among wireless devices. This framework ensures the consistency and reliability of n framework consists of communication communication between wireless devices. The mobile communicat devices such as protocols, services, bandwidth, and portals necessary to facilitate and support the stated, services. These devices are responsible for delivering a smooth communication process. Mobile communication can be divided in the following four types: 1. Fixed and Wired 2. Fixed and Wireless 3. Mobile and Wired 4, Mobile and Wireless Akfete. A G) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech LSC Cee tor eco Rc] CEUTA Lire id 1, Fixed and Wired: In Fixed and Wired configuration, the devices are fixed at a position, and they are connected through a physical link to communicate with other devices. + For Example, Desktop Computer 2. Fixed and Wireless: In Fixed and Wireless configuration, the devices are fixed at a position, and they are connected through a wireless link to make communication with other devices. * For Example, Communication Towers, WiFi router 3. Mobile and Wired: In Mobile and Wired configuration, some devices are wired, and some are mobile. They altogether make communication with other devices. * For Example, Laptops. 4. Mobile and Wireless: In Mobile and Wireless configuration, the devices can communicate with each other irrespective of their position. They can also connect to any network without the use of any wired device. * For Example, WiFi Dongle (A WiFi dongle is a small, portable device that enables a computer or other device to connect to a wireless network. It typically plugs into a USB port and acts as a wireless adapter.) Key characteristics of mobile computing: + Mobi Users can access information and services while on the move. + Portability: Mobile devices are compact and easy to carry. © Wireless connecti Mobile devices rely on wireless networks for communication. + Limited resources: Mobile devices have constraints in terms of battery life, processing power, and storage. Akfete. A G) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech ‘Components of a mobile computing system: ‘+ Mobile device: The hardware platform (smartphone, tablet, et.) + Mobile operating system: The software that manages the device's resources and applications + Mobile network: The wireless network that provides connectivity + Mobile applications: Software programs designed for mobile devices + Mobile services: Services accessed through mobile devices 2.2 Mobile Devices and Mobile OS [Mobile Hardware and Mobile software] Mobile devices have evolved rapidly from basic phones to powerful smartphones and tablets. They come in various form factors, screen sizes, and hardware configurations. Key types of mobile devices: + Smartphones © Tablets + Wearable devices (smartwatches, fitness trackers) + Embedded devices (smart home devices, automotive systems) Mobile operating systems provide the foundation for mobile applications and services. They manage hardware resources, user interface, and application execution. Major mobile operating systems: + Android (Google) + iOS (Apple) + Windows (Microsoft), ete... Devices used in Mobile Computing Following is the list of most common forms of devices used in mobile computi 1. Portable Computers A portable computer is a computer that is designed in a way that you can move it from one place to another. It includes a display and a keyboard, Generally, portable computers are microcomputers. Compaq Portable and Contemporary portable computer with 3 LCD screens were the early examples of portable computers. Now, portable computers are discontinued. Akfete. A G) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech 2. Personal Digital Assistant/Enterprise Digital Assistant (PDA or EDA) tant (PDA) is istant (EDA). A personal Digital As: A Personal Digital A: also known as a palmtop computer. Sometimes, it is also called Enterprise Digital As: stant (PDA) is a mobile device used to function as a personal information manager or a personal data assistant, Its name, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), was evolved from Personal Desktop Assistant, a software term for an application that prompts or prods the user of a computer with suggestions or provides a quick reference to contacts and other lists. Apple Newton) and UPOP PDA were the early examples of Personal Digital Assistant, Now, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDAS) are also discontinued. Akfete. A G) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech 3. Ultra-Mobile PC An ultra-mobile PC was a small form factor version of a pen computer. It was a class of laptops whose specifications were launched by Microsoft and Intel in 2006. Samsung qI ultra-premium was the early example of an ultra-mobile PC. Now, ultra-mobile PCs are also discontinued, 4, Laptop A laptop is a small, portable personal computer (PC) built in a foldable device. The folding structure of a laptop is called a clamshell form factor. The flip or clamshell is a form factor of a mobile phone or other, devices that include two or more folded sections via a hinge. A laptop typically has a thin LCD or LED computer screen mounted on the inside of the clamshell's upper lid and an alphanumeric keyboard on the inside of the lower lid. Laptops are easy to carry for transportation, and that's why they are Osbome 1 was the first laptop in the world. See the below picture. # WORLD'S FIRST LAPTOP 1981. Akfete. A Ce) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech 5. Smartphone ‘A smariphone is a mobile device that combines cellular and mobile computing functions into one unit. The smartphones are invented to provide more advanced computing capability and connectivity than basic feature phones. Smartphones are different from basic feature phones by their more robust hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate more comprehensive software, nternet ie., web browsing over ‘mobile broadband, and multimedia functionality ie., music, video, cameras, and gaming ete, along with the core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. IBM Simon Personal Communicator thought to be the first smartphone in the world, Below is the image of, IBM Simon Personal Communicator. Early smartphones were invented and marketed as attempting to bridge the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices with support for cellular telephony but were limited by their bulky form, short battery life, slow, analog cellular networks, and the immaturity of wireless data services. But now, smartphones have the latest features of computers, more than one camera, advanced OS, bigger RAM and ROM. Now, they are also built with some artificial intelligence features such as unlock using facial recognition or fingerprint scanners, waterproof with P67 and IP68 ratings and many other endless features. Akfete. A G) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing _Mo’i_TTech Examples of new generation smartphone: 6. Tablet Computers A tablet computer is generally known as a tablet. It is a mobile computer with a mobile operating system and a touch-screen display processing circuit, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat unit. Tablets, can do what other personal computers can do, but they don't have some input/output (1/0) abilities that computers have. Nowadays, tablets are very much similar to moder smartphones. The only difference is that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens 7 inches or larger and may not support a cellular network, First-generation Ipads and Sony Z2 Android were the early examples of tablets. Akfete. A Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing Mo’i_TTech 7. Wearable computers Wearable computers are a type of computer that can be wom by the bearer under, with or on top of elothin, They are also known as body-borne computers or wearables, which are small electronic devices. Some, examples of wearable computers are smartwatches, digital fitness bands ete. 8. E-reader An e-reader is also called an e-book reader or e-book device. It is a mobile electronic device that is mainly designed to read digital e-books. A right e-reader provides great portability, readability, and battery life. The main advantages of e-readers over printed books are portability. A average e-reader can hold thousands of books while weighing less than one book. The best example of an E-reader is a Kindle, Akfete. A G@) Mo’_TTechDep’t of CompSe. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing _Mo’i_TTech 2.3 Mobile Computing Issues and Challenges Mobile computing offers numerous benefits, but it also presents several challenges: Limited battery life: Mobile devices often have short battery life, limiting usage time. Network connectivity issues: Wireless networks can be unreliable or have limited coverage. Security and privacy concerns: Mobile devices are susceptible to security threats and data breaches. User interface challenges: Designing effective user interfaces for small screens can be difficult. Mobile application development complexit Developing applications for multiple platforms can be challenging 2.4 Mobile Computing Technologies Several technologies underpin mobile computing: Wireless communication technologies: Wi-Fi, cellular networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G), Bluetooth, ete. Mobile network architectures: Cellular networks, Wi-Fi hotspots, ad-hoc networks Mobile device hardware: Processors, memory, storage, sensors, display Mobile operating systems: Android, iOS, Windows Mobile application development platforms: Android Studio, Xcode, React Native Mobile middleware: Software that facilitates communication and data exchange between devices and applications 2.5 Mobile Computing Applications Mobile computing has enabled a wide range of applications: ‘Communication: Messaging, social media, video conferencing Information access: News, weather, search, e-commerce[Web or Internet access] Entertainment Services: Gaming, music, video streaming Productivity: Email, office suites, cloud storage Location-based services: Navigation, augmented reality [Global Position System (GPS) Healtheare: Telemedicine, health monitoring, Emergency services. Financial services: Mobile banking, payments Educational services. Ec. Akfete. A Mo’_TTech