Ex 1:Sum of Numbers from 1 to 100

Test Cases:

TC1: Sum from 1 to 100 → Expected: 5050

public class SumCalculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
​ {
​ ​ int sum = 0;
​ ​ for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
​ ​ ​ sum += i;
​ ​ }
​ System.out.println("Sum of numbers from 1 to 100 is: " + sum);
}
}

Output:
Sum of numbers from 1 to 100 is: 5050

TC2: Sum from 1 to 50 → Expected: 1275

public class SumCalculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
​ {
​ ​ int sum = 0;
​ ​ for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++)
{
​ ​ ​ sum += i;
​ ​ }
​ System.out.println("Sum of numbers from 1 to 50 is: " + sum);
}
}

Output:
Sum of numbers from 1 to 50 is: 1275

TC3: Sum from 1 to 10 → Expected: 55

public class SumCalculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
​ {
​ ​ int sum = 0;
 ​ ​ for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
​ ​ ​ sum += i;
​ ​ }
​ System.out.println("Sum of numbers from 1 to 10 is: " + sum);
}
}

Output:
Sum of numbers from 1 to 10 is: 55

TC4: Sum from 50 to 100 → Expected: 3825

public class SumCalculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
​ {
​ ​ int sum = 0;
​ ​ for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
{
​ ​ ​ sum += i;
​ ​ }
​ System.out.println("Sum of numbers from 50 to 100 is: " + sum);
}
}

Output:
Sum of numbers from 50 to 100 is: 3825

TC5: Sum from 1 to 1 → Expected: 1

public class SumCalculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
​ {
​ ​ int sum = 0;
​ ​ for (int i = 1; i <= 1; i++)
{
​ ​ ​ sum += i;
​ ​ }
​ System.out.println("Sum of numbers from 1 to 1 is: " + sum);
}
}

Output:
Sum of numbers from 1 to 1 is: 1
MCQ’s:

1.b) 5050

2.c) N * (N + 1) / 2

3. b) for

4.c) int

5.b) O(N)

6.c) int

7. b) 100

8.c) +

9.c) 5050 + 0 = 5050 (Actually adds an extra 0, so same result)

10.c) Mathematical formula

Ex2. Program Title: Prime Number Checker

import java.util.Scanner;
public class PrimeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Step 1: Input number n
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
int n = sc.nextInt();
sc.close();
// Step 2: If n <= 1, it's not prime
if (n <= 1) {
System.out.println("Not Prime");
return;
}
// Step 3 & 4: Check divisibility from 2 to sqrt(n)
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) {
if (n % i == 0) {
System.out.println("Not Prime");
return;
}
}
// Step 5: Else, it is a prime number
System.out.println("Prime");
}
}
output:
Enter a number: 2
Prime

Test Cases:
● TC1: Input 2 → Output: Prime
● TC2: Input 15 → Output: Not Prime
● TC3: Input 17 → Output: Prime
● TC4: Input 1 → Output: Not Prime
● TC5: Input 0 → Output: Not Prime

MCQ’s

1.​ c) 7​

2.​ c) 4​

3.​ c) for​

4.​ a) 1​

5.​ b) 1​

6.​ c) boolean​

7.​ b) No​

8.​ a) Prime​

9.​ c) nextInt()​

10.​ c) 2 to sqrt(n)​

Ex3. Program Title: Fibonacci Sequence using Recursion

import java.util.Scanner;
public class FibonacciRec {
public static int fib(int n) {
if (n == 0) return 0;
if (n == 1) return 1;
return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter number of terms: ");
 int n = sc.nextInt();
sc.close();
System.out.println("Fibonacci sequence:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print(fib(i) + " ");
}
}
}

output:
Enter number of terms: 7
Fibonacci sequence:
0112358

Test Cases:
● TC1: n = 5 → Output: 0 1 1 2 3
● TC2: n = 7 → Output: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8
● TC3: n = 1 → Output: 0
● TC4: n = 0 → Output:
● TC5: n = 10 → Output: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

MCQs:

1.​ b) A function calling itself​

2.​ b) fib(0) = 0​

3.​ b) 2​

4.​ b) Stack overflow​

5.​ c) Efficiency​

6.​ c) int​

7.​ d) O(2^n)​

8.​ a) 5​

9.​ b) void​

10.​ c) 8

4. Program Title: Class "Car" with Methods

public class Car {

 String model;
String color;
// Constructor
public Car(String model, String color) {
this.model = model;
this.color = color;
}
// Start method
public void start() {
System.out.println("Car started");
}
// Stop method
public void stop() {
System.out.println("Car stopped");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TC1: Tesla Red → start()
Car car1 = new Car("Tesla", "Red");
car1.start(); // Output: Car started
}
}
// TC2: BMW Black → start()
Car car1 = new Car("BMW", "Black");
car1.start(); // Output: Car started
// TC3: Empty model → start()
Car car1 = new Car("", "Silver");
car1.start(); // Output: Car started
// TC4: Honda Blue → no method called
Car car1 = new Car("Honda", "Blue");
// No output expected
// TC5: Audi White → stop() only
Car car1 = new Car("Audi", "White");
car1.stop(); // Output: Car stopped

OUTPUT:

Car started
Car started
Car started
Car stopped

MCQ’s:

1.​ c) A blueprint for objects​

2.​ c) class​
 3.​ a) new Car()​

4.​ c) Method that initializes object​

5.​ b) private​

6.​ c) 123method​

7.​ a) Car started​

8.​ c) this​

9.​ b) Many​

10.​ c) Does not return a value

5. Program Title: Inheritance with Shape-Circle-Rectangle

Create base class Shape​

✔ This class will be the parent/superclass.​

Add method area() in Shape​

✔ This can be a general method, either with default behavior or marked abstract if you're using
abstraction.​

Create derived classes Circle and Rectangle​

✔ These will extend Shape and inherit its properties and methods.​

Override area() in both​

✔ You write specific formulas:​

●​ Circle → π × r × r​

●​ Rectangle → length × width​

Instantiate objects and call respective methods​

✔ Create Circle and Rectangle objects and call area() to test polymorphic behavior.

Shape.java
package Inheritance;
public class Shape {
public double area() {
System.out.println("Default area");
return 0;
}
}

Circle.java

package Inheritance;
public class Circle extends Shape {
double radius;
public Circle(double r) {
radius = r;
}
@Override
public double area() {
return 3.14 * radius * radius;
}
}

Rectangle.java

package Inheritance;
public class Rectangle extends Shape {
double length, width;
public Rectangle(double l, double w) {
length = l;
width = w;
}
@Override
public double area() {
return length * width;
}
}

InheritanceTest.java

package Inheritance;
public class InheritanceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape circle1 = new Circle(5);
System.out.println("TC1 - Circle Area: " + circle1.area());
Shape rect1 = new Rectangle(10, 5);
System.out.println("TC2 - Rectangle Area: " + rect1.area());
Shape shape = new Shape();
System.out.println("TC3 - Shape Area: " + shape.area());
Shape circle2 = new Circle(0);
System.out.println("TC4 - Zero Radius Circle Area: " + circle2.area());
Shape rect2 = new Rectangle(10, 0);
System.out.println("TC5 - Rectangle Area with width 0: " + rect2.area());
}
}

output:

TC1 - Circle Area: 78.5

TC2 - Rectangle Area: 50.0
Default area
TC3 - Shape Area: 0.0
TC4 - Zero Radius Circle Area: 0.0
TC5 - Rectangle Area with width 0: 0.0

MCQs:

1.​ b) One class acquiring another​

2.​ c) extends​

3.​ b) Redefining method in subclass​

4.​ a) Parent class​

5.​ b) No​

6.​ b) Object​

7.​ c) 0​

8.​ c) Shape​

9.​ c) Indicates method overrides parent method​

10.​ c) Hybrid
Ex 6. Program Title: Interface for Banking System

1.Define Interface: BankingService.java

package BankingApp;
public interface BankingService {
void deposit(double amount);
void withdraw(double amount);
void showBalance();
}

2.Implement Account Class: Account.java

package BankingApp;
public class Account implements BankingService {
private double balance = 0;
@Override
public void deposit(double amount) {
if (amount > 0) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited ₹" + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Invalid deposit amount.");
}
}
@Override
public void withdraw(double amount) {
if (amount <= balance) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrew ₹" + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient funds.");
}
}
@Override
public void showBalance() {
System.out.println("Current Balance: ₹" + balance);
}
}

3.Implement Transaction Logger: Transaction.java

package BankingApp;
public class Transaction {
public void log(String action, double amount) {
 System.out.println("Transaction Log: " + action + " ₹" + amount);
}
}

4.Test & Show Polymorphism: BankTest.java

package BankingApp;
public class BankTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Polymorphic reference
BankingService account = new Account();
Transaction txn = new Transaction();
// TC1: Deposit ₹1000 → Balance = ₹1000
System.out.println("TC1: Deposit ₹1000");
account.deposit(1000);
account.showBalance();
// TC2: Withdraw ₹500 → Balance = ₹500
System.out.println("\nTC2: Withdraw ₹500");
account.withdraw(500);
account.showBalance();
// TC3: Withdraw ₹1500 → Insufficient funds
System.out.println("\nTC3: Withdraw ₹1500");
account.withdraw(1500);
// TC4: Deposit negative amount → Invalid
System.out.println("\nTC4: Deposit -200");
account.deposit(-200);
// TC5: Log transactions
System.out.println("\nTC5: Log transaction");
txn.log("Deposit", 1000);
txn.log("Withdraw", 500);
}
}

output:
TC1: Deposit ₹1000
Deposited ₹1000.0
Current Balance: ₹1000.0
TC2: Withdraw ₹500
Withdrew ₹500.0
Current Balance: ₹500.0
TC3: Withdraw ₹1500
Insufficient funds.
TC4: Deposit -200
Invalid deposit amount.
TC5: Log transaction
Transaction Log: Deposit ₹1000.0
Transaction Log: Withdraw ₹500.0

MCQs:
 1.​ c) Collection of abstract methods​

2.​ a) interface​

3.​ b) No​

4.​ c) implements​

5.​ c) They are public and abstract​

6.​ b) Yes​

7.​ c) Invalid input message​

8.​ b) One method, many forms​

9.​ c) Final variables​

10.​ b) Call a method​

Ex 7. Program Title: Exception Handling for Division by Zero

DivisionByZeroHandler.java

import java.util.Scanner;
public class DivisionByZeroHandler {
public static void safeDivide(int numerator, int denominator) {
try {
int result = numerator / denominator;
System.out.println("Output: " + result);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Output: Exception handled");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("TC1: 10 / 2 → ");
safeDivide(10, 2);
System.out.print("TC2: 20 / 0 → ");
safeDivide(20, 0);
System.out.print("TC3: -5 / 5 → ");
safeDivide(-5, 5);
System.out.print("TC4: 0 / 3 → ");
safeDivide(0, 3);
System.out.print("TC5: 100 / -10 → ");
safeDivide(100, -10);
scanner.close();
}
}

Output:

TC1: 10 / 2 → Output: 5
TC2: 20 / 0 → Output: Exception handled
TC3: -5 / 5 → Output: -1
TC4: 0 / 3 → Output: 0
TC5: 100 / -10 → Output: -10

MCQ’s

1.​ d​

2.​ c​

3.​ c​

4.​ b​

5.​ c​

6.​ b​

7.​ c​

8.​ b​

9.​ b​

10.​ b​

8. Program Title: Multi-threaded Race Simulation

1.​ Click on File → New → Java Project​

2.​ Project Name: RaceSimulationProject​

3.​ Click Finish​

Create a New Package (optional, but recommended)

1.​ Right-click on the src folder → New → Package​

2.​ Package name: multithreading​

3.​ Click Finish

Create the Racer Class

1.​ Right-click on the package multithreading → New → Class​

2.​ Name: Racer​

3.​ Uncheck public static void main​

Racer.java

package multithreading;
public class Racer extends Thread {
private String name;
private int steps;
private long sleepMillis;
public Racer(String name, int steps, long sleepMillis) {
this.name = name;
this.steps = steps;
this.sleepMillis = sleepMillis;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i <= steps; i++) {
System.out.printf("%s: Step %d/%d%n", name, i, steps);
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepMillis);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(name + " was interrupted.");
return;
}
}
System.out.println(name + " has finished!");
}
}
RaceSimulation.java

package multithreading;
public class RaceSimulation {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("=== TC1: Two threads start together ===");
Racer r1 = new Racer("Runner-A", 5, 500);
Racer r2 = new Racer("Runner-B", 5, 500);
r1.start();
r2.start();
r1.join(); r2.join();
System.out.println("\n=== TC2: Different sleep times (B faster) ===");
r1 = new Racer("Runner-A", 5, 700);
r2 = new Racer("Runner-B", 5, 300);
r1.start();
r2.start();
r1.join(); r2.join();
System.out.println("\n=== TC3: Race between A and B (non-deterministic)
===");
r1 = new Racer("Runner-A", 5, 400);
r2 = new Racer("Runner-B", 5, 450);
r1.start();
r2.start();
r1.join(); r2.join();
System.out.println("\n=== TC4: Three-thread race ===");
Racer r3 = new Racer("Runner-C", 5, 500);
r1 = new Racer("Runner-A", 5, 500);
r2 = new Racer("Runner-B", 5, 500);
r1.start();
r2.start();
r3.start();
r1.join(); r2.join(); r3.join();
System.out.println("\n=== TC5: Same sleep times, interleaved output
===");
r1 = new Racer("Runner-A", 5, 500);
r2 = new Racer("Runner-B", 5, 500);
r1.start();
r2.start();
r1.join(); r2.join();
}
}
Output:

=== TC1: Two threads start together ===

Runner-A: Step 1/5
Runner-B: Step 1/5
Runner-A: Step 2/5
Runner-B: Step 2/5
Runner-B: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 4/5
Runner-B: Step 4/5
Runner-A: Step 5/5
Runner-B: Step 5/5
Runner-A has finished!
Runner-B has finished!
=== TC2: Different sleep times (B faster) ===
Runner-B: Step 1/5
Runner-A: Step 1/5
Runner-B: Step 2/5
Runner-B: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 2/5
Runner-B: Step 4/5
Runner-B: Step 5/5
Runner-A: Step 3/5
Runner-B has finished!
Runner-A: Step 4/5
Runner-A: Step 5/5
Runner-A has finished!
=== TC3: Race between A and B (non-deterministic) ===
Runner-A: Step 1/5
Runner-B: Step 1/5
Runner-A: Step 2/5
Runner-B: Step 2/5
Runner-A: Step 3/5
Runner-B: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 4/5
Runner-B: Step 4/5
Runner-A: Step 5/5
Runner-B: Step 5/5
Runner-A has finished!
Runner-B has finished!
=== TC4: Three-thread race ===
Runner-A: Step 1/5
Runner-B: Step 1/5
Runner-C: Step 1/5
Runner-C: Step 2/5
Runner-B: Step 2/5
Runner-A: Step 2/5
Runner-C: Step 3/5
Runner-B: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 4/5
Runner-C: Step 4/5
Runner-B: Step 4/5
Runner-C: Step 5/5
Runner-B: Step 5/5
Runner-A: Step 5/5
Runner-A has finished!
Runner-B has finished!
Runner-C has finished!
=== TC5: Same sleep times, interleaved output ===
Runner-B: Step 1/5
Runner-A: Step 1/5
Runner-B: Step 2/5
Runner-A: Step 2/5
Runner-A: Step 3/5
Runner-B: Step 3/5
Runner-A: Step 4/5
Runner-B: Step 4/5
Runner-B: Step 5/5
Runner-A: Step 5/5
Runner-B has finished!
Runner-A has finished!

MCQ’s

1.​ b) start()​

2.​ c) Concurrent execution​

3.​ d) Both a and c​

4.​ b) Pauses thread​

5.​ c) run()​

6.​ b) Throws exception​

7.​ b) Runnable​

8.​ b) Yes​

9.​ c) Concurrency​
 10.​ d) Varies​

Program 9: Generic Binary Tree with DFS and BFS Traversals

1. TreeNode.java
package tree;
public class TreeNode<T extends Comparable<T>> {
T data;
TreeNode<T> left, right;
public TreeNode(T data) {
this.data = data;
this.left = null;
this.right = null;
}
}

2. BinaryTree.java

package tree;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
public class BinaryTree<T extends Comparable<T>> {
private TreeNode<T> root;
// Insert method
public void insert(T data) {
root = insertRec(root, data);
}
private TreeNode<T> insertRec(TreeNode<T> node, T data) {
if (node == null) return new TreeNode<>(data);
if (data.compareTo(node.data) < 0)
node.left = insertRec(node.left, data);
else
node.right = insertRec(node.right, data);
return node;
}
// DFS: In-Order
public void inOrder() {
inOrderRec(root);
System.out.println();
 }
private void inOrderRec(TreeNode<T> node) {
if (node != null) {
inOrderRec(node.left);
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
inOrderRec(node.right);
}
}
// DFS: Pre-Order
public void preOrder() {
preOrderRec(root);
System.out.println();
}
private void preOrderRec(TreeNode<T> node) {
if (node != null) {
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
preOrderRec(node.left);
preOrderRec(node.right);
}
}
// DFS: Post-Order
public void postOrder() {
postOrderRec(root);
System.out.println();
}
private void postOrderRec(TreeNode<T> node) {
if (node != null) {
postOrderRec(node.left);
postOrderRec(node.right);
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
}
}
// BFS: Level Order
public void levelOrder() {
if (root == null) return;
Queue<TreeNode<T>> queue = new LinkedList<>();
queue.add(root);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
TreeNode<T> node = queue.poll();
System.out.print(node.data + " ");
if (node.left != null) queue.add(node.left);
if (node.right != null) queue.add(node.right);
}
System.out.println();
}
}

3. BinaryTreeTest.java
package tree;
public class BinaryTreeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BinaryTree<Integer> tree = new BinaryTree<>();
// Test Case 1: Insert 10, 5, 20
tree.insert(10);
tree.insert(5);
tree.insert(20);
System.out.print("Level Order (BFS): ");
tree.levelOrder(); // Expected: 10 5 20
System.out.print("In-Order (DFS): ");
tree.inOrder(); // Expected: 5 10 20
System.out.print("Pre-Order (DFS): ");
tree.preOrder(); // Expected: 10 5 20
System.out.print("Post-Order (DFS): ");
tree.postOrder(); // Expected: 5 20 10
}
}

Output:

Level Order (BFS): 10 5 20

In-Order (DFS): 5 10 20
Pre-Order (DFS): 10 5 20
Post-Order (DFS): 5 20 10

MCQ’s:

1.​ b​

2.​ c​

3.​ b​

4.​ b​

5.​ a​

6.​ a​
 7.​ d​

8.​ c​

9.​ a​

10.​ b

10. Program Title: Client-Server Connection using Sockets

// Save as Client.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String serverAddress = "localhost"; // or use IP address
int port = 12345;
try (Socket socket = new Socket(serverAddress, port)) {
System.out.println("Connected to server.");
// Send message
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
out.println("Hello from client!");
// Receive reply
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String reply = in.readLine();
System.out.println("Server replies: " + reply);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Client error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

// Save as Server.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 12345;
try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port)) {
System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); // Waits for client
System.out.println("Client connected.");
// Input from client
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
 String clientMessage = in.readLine();
System.out.println("Client says: " + clientMessage);
// Output to client
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
out.println("Server received: " + clientMessage);
// Close connection
socket.close();
System.out.println("Connection closed.\n");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Server error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Output:

TC1: Server online, client connects → Output: Connection successful

Server started on port 1234

Waiting for client...

Connected to server.
Server replies: Server received: Hello from client!

Right-click inside the console window ➝ click "Terminate and Remove Launch".

TC2: Server not running → Output: Connection refused(Run the client program first)

Client error: Connection refused: connect

—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TC3: Client sends message → Server receives correctly(Run Server.java then run Client.java)

Client.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String serverAddress = "localhost"; // or use IP address
int port = 12345;
try (Socket socket = new Socket(serverAddress, port)) {
System.out.println("Connected to server.");
// Send message
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
out.println("Hello from client!");
// Receive reply
 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String reply = in.readLine();
System.out.println("Server replies: " + reply);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Client error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Server.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 12345;
try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port)) {
System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); // Waits for client
System.out.println("Client connected.");
// Input from client
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
String clientMessage = in.readLine();
System.out.println("Client says: " + clientMessage);
// Output to client
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
out.println("Server received: " + clientMessage);
// Close connection
socket.close();
System.out.println("Connection closed.\n");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Server error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

output:

Client.java

Connected to server. Type message and press Enter.

Welcome
Server.java

Server started. Waiting for client...

Client connected.
Client says: Welcome

Conclusion:

Typed "Welcome" in client Server printed "Client says: Server received the message
Welcome" correctly

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TC4: Server sends back reply → Client displays reply

Client.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 12345);
BufferedReader userInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); // to read
server reply
System.out.println("Connected to server. Type message:");
String msg;
while (!(msg = userInput.readLine()).equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) {
out.println(msg);
String reply = in.readLine(); // read server reply
System.out.println(reply);
}
out.println("exit");
socket.close();
System.out.println("Client exited.");
}
}
Server.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for client...");
Socket clientSocket = server.accept();
System.out.println("Client connected.");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); // enable auto-flush
String msg;
while ((msg = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Client says: " + msg);
out.println("Server reply: Received your message -> " + msg); // send reply to client
if (msg.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) break;
}
clientSocket.close();
server.close();
System.out.println("Server stopped.");
}
}

Output:

Server started. Waiting for client...

Connected to server. Type message:

Hello
Server reply: Received your message -> Hello

—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TC5: Multiple clients → Server handles sequentially

Client.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 12345);
BufferedReader userInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
System.out.println("Connected to server. Type message:");
 String msg;
while (!(msg = userInput.readLine()).equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) {
out.println(msg);
System.out.println(in.readLine());
}
out.println("exit");
socket.close();
System.out.println("Client exited.");
}
}

Server.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for clients...");
while (true) {
Socket clientSocket = server.accept();
System.out.println("Client connected.");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
String msg;
while ((msg = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("Client says: " + msg);
out.println("Server reply: Received -> " + msg);
if (msg.equalsIgnoreCase("exit")) break;
}
clientSocket.close();
System.out.println("Client disconnected.\n");
}
}
}

Output:

Server started. Waiting for clients...

Client connected.
Client says: hi hello how are you
Client says: welocme to rit
Client says: 2nd year students

—---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All test cases in one program:

10. Program Title: Client-Server Connection using Sockets

Client.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String serverAddress = "localhost";
int port = 12345;
try (Socket socket = new Socket(serverAddress, port)) {
System.out.println("TC1: Connected to server.");
BufferedReader console = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
System.out.print("Enter a message: ");
String message = console.readLine();
// TC3: Send message
out.println(message);
// TC4: Receive reply
String reply = in.readLine();
System.out.println("TC4: Server replied → " + reply);
} catch (ConnectException e) {
System.out.println("TC2: Connection refused. Is the server running?");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Client error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Server.java

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int port = 12345;
System.out.println("Server starting on port " + port);
try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port)) {
System.out.println("TC1: Server is online and listening...");
while (true) {
Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); // TC1
System.out.println("Client connected."); // TC1
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
 PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);
// TC3: Receive message from client
String clientMsg = in.readLine();
System.out.println("TC3: Received from client → " + clientMsg);
// TC4: Send back reply
String reply = "Server reply: " + clientMsg;
out.println(reply);
System.out.println("TC4: Sent to client → " + reply);
clientSocket.close();
System.out.println("Connection closed.\n"); // TC5: Server ready for next client
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Server error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Output:

Server.java

Server starting on port 12345

TC1: Server is online and listening...
Client connected.
TC3: Received from client → welcome
TC4: Sent to client → Server reply: welcome
Connection closed.

Client.java

TC1: Connected to server.

Enter a message: welcome
TC4: Server replied → Server reply: welcome

MCQ’s:

1.​ c) java.net​

2.​ b) ServerSocket​

3.​ c) accept()​

4.​ a) 0 to 65535​
 5.​ a) IOException​

6.​ d) close()​

7.​ a) 127.0.0.1​

8.​ b) Error: Connection refused​

9.​ c) TCP​

10.​ b) InputStream​
—---—----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11.Program Title: JDBC Connection with MySQL

Mysql

Press Windows + R, type cmd, and press Enter.

C:\Users\HP>cd C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\bin
Enter password:12345
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.40 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

SHOW DATABASES;
CREATE DATABASE employees;

USE employees;

CREATE TABLE employees (

emp_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name VARCHAR(50),
emp_salary DOUBLE
);

INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary) VALUES

(1, 'Alice', 50000),
(2, 'Bob', 60000),
(3, 'Charlie', 55000);

JDBCTest.java

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class JDBCTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/employees?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC";
String user = "root";
String password = "12345";
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
System.out.println("Connected");
conn.close();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("Driver not found");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("Connection failed: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}

Output:
TC1: Connect to DB successfully → Output: Connected
Connected

Alltest.java

import java.sql.*;
public class AllTest{
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Step 1: Load JDBC driver
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
System.out.println("Step 1: JDBC Driver Loaded.");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
 System.out.println("Driver not found.");
return;
}
// Connection parameters
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/employees?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC";
String user = "root";
String password = "12345";
// TC1: Connect to DB successfully
try (
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); // Step 2
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); // Step 3
){
System.out.println("TC1: Connected to database. (Step 2)");
// TC2: Execute SELECT query
String sql = "SELECT * FROM employees";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); // Step 4
System.out.println("TC2: SELECT query executed. (Step 4)");
// Step 5: Display result
boolean found = false;
System.out.println("TC2: Displaying results:");
while (rs.next()) {
found = true;
int id = rs.getInt("emp_id");
String name = rs.getString("emp_name");
double salary = rs.getDouble("emp_salary");
System.out.println(id + " | " + name + " | " + salary);
}
if (!found) {
System.out.println("TC4: No results found.");
} else {
System.out.println("TC2: Records displayed. (Step 5)");
}
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("TC1 or TC2 Failed: " + e.getMessage());
}
// TC3: Invalid credentials
try {
Connection connWrong = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, "wrongpassword");
System.out.println("TC3: Unexpected success with wrong password!");
connWrong.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("TC3: Access denied (invalid credentials).");
}
// TC4: Empty query (no matching results)
try (
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
){
 ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_id = -1");
if (!rs.next()) {
System.out.println("TC4: No results as expected (empty query).");
} else {
System.out.println("TC4: Unexpected data found.");
}
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("TC4 Failed: " + e.getMessage());
}
// TC5: Malformed SQL
try (
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
){
stmt.executeQuery("SELEC * FORM employees"); // Intentional error
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("TC5: SQLSyntaxErrorException caught for malformed query.");
}
}
}

Output:
Step 1: JDBC Driver Loaded.
TC1: Connected to database. (Step 2)
TC2: SELECT query executed. (Step 4)
TC2: Displaying results:
1 | Alice | 50000.0
2 | Bob | 60000.0
3 | Charlie | 55000.0
TC2: Records displayed. (Step 5)
TC3: Access denied (invalid credentials).
TC4: No results as expected (empty query).
TC5: SQLSyntaxErrorException caught for malformed query.

—-------------------------------------------------

MCQ’s:

1.​ a) java.sql​

2.​ c) DriverManager​

3.​ c) executeQuery()​
 4.​ b) ResultSet​

5.​ a) Moves to next record​

6.​ c) PreparedStatement​

7.​ d) com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver​

8.​ a) SQLException​

9.​ b) 3306​

10.​ c) close()​

—----------------------------------------------------------

12. Program Title: Multi-threaded Server using Java RMI

MultiThreadedServerInterface.java

import java.rmi.Remote;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public interface MultiThreadedServerInterface extends Remote {

String processRequest(String request) throws RemoteException;
}

—-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MultiThreadedServerImpl.java

import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;

public class MultiThreadedServerImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements

MultiThreadedServerInterface {

protected MultiThreadedServerImpl() throws RemoteException {

super();
}

@Override
public String processRequest(String request) throws RemoteException {
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
 System.out.println("Processing request in thread: " + threadName);
return "Processed: " + request + " by thread " + threadName;
}
}
—--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MultiThreadedServer.java

import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;

public class MultiThreadedServer {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
LocateRegistry.createRegistry(1099);
System.out.println("Java RMI registry created.");

MultiThreadedServerImpl server = new MultiThreadedServerImpl();

Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry();

registry.rebind("MultiThreadedServer", server);

System.out.println("Server ready...");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Server exception:");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TestClient.java

import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
public class TestClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("=== TC1: Start server, connect client → Success ===");
boolean tc1 = testConnection();
System.out.println("TC1 Result: " + (tc1 ? "Success" : "Fail") + "\n");
System.out.println("=== TC2: Client sends request → Server responds ===");
testRequestResponse();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("=== TC3: Multiple clients → Handled via threads ===");
testMultipleClients();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("=== TC4: Server not running → Lookup fails ===");
System.out.println("Please STOP the server and press Enter to continue...");
 try { System.in.read(); } catch (Exception ignored) {}
testLookupFailWhenServerDown();
System.out.println();
System.out.println("=== TC5: Invalid method call → RemoteException ===");
testInvalidLookup();
System.out.println();
}
static boolean testConnection() {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("localhost", 1099);
registry.lookup("MultiThreadedServer");
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("TC1 Exception:");
e.printStackTrace();
return false;
}
}
static void testRequestResponse() {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("localhost", 1099);
MultiThreadedServerInterface stub = (MultiThreadedServerInterface)
registry.lookup("MultiThreadedServer");
String response = stub.processRequest("Hello TC2");
System.out.println("TC2 Server response: " + response);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("TC2 Exception:");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
static void testMultipleClients() {
final int clients = 5;
Thread[] threads = new Thread[clients];
for (int i = 0; i < clients; i++) {
final int id = i + 1;
threads[i] = new Thread(() -> {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("localhost", 1099);
MultiThreadedServerInterface stub = (MultiThreadedServerInterface)
registry.lookup("MultiThreadedServer");
String response = stub.processRequest("Request from client " + id);
System.out.println("TC3 Client " + id + " received: " + response);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("TC3 Client " + id + " Exception:");
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
threads[i].start();
}
 for (Thread t : threads) {
try {
t.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
static void testLookupFailWhenServerDown() {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("localhost", 1099);
registry.lookup("MultiThreadedServer"); // Expected to fail if server is down
System.err.println("TC4 Unexpected success: server lookup succeeded when server should be down!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("TC4 Expected failure (server not running):");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
static void testInvalidLookup() {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("localhost", 1099);
registry.lookup("InvalidServerName"); // Expected to throw NotBoundException
System.err.println("TC5 Unexpected success: invalid lookup succeeded!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("TC5 Expected failure (invalid lookup):");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Output:

MultiThreadedServer.java

Java RMI registry created.

Server ready...
Processing request in thread: RMI TCP Connection(4)-172.15.23.124
Processing request in thread: RMI TCP Connection(4)-172.15.23.124
Processing request in thread: RMI TCP Connection(9)-172.15.23.124
Processing request in thread: RMI TCP Connection(10)-172.15.23.124
Processing request in thread: RMI TCP Connection(9)-172.15.23.124
Processing request in thread: RMI TCP Connection(9)-172.15.23.124
TestClient.java

=== TC1: Start server, connect client → Success ===

TC1 Result: Success
=== TC2: Client sends request → Server responds ===
TC2 Server response: Processed: Hello TC2 by thread RMI TCP Connection(4)-172.15.23.124
=== TC3: Multiple clients → Handled via threads ===
TC3 Client 1 received: Processed: Request from client 1 by thread RMI TCP Connection(9)-172.15.23.124
TC3 Client 4 received: Processed: Request from client 4 by thread RMI TCP Connection(9)-172.15.23.124
TC3 Client 3 received: Processed: Request from client 3 by thread RMI TCP Connection(10)-172.15.23.124
TC3 Client 2 received: Processed: Request from client 2 by thread RMI TCP Connection(4)-172.15.23.124
TC3 Client 5 received: Processed: Request from client 5 by thread RMI TCP Connection(9)-172.15.23.124
=== TC4: Server not running → Lookup fails ===
Please STOP the server and press Enter to continue...

Test case 5:

TC5.java

import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
public class TC5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry("localhost", 1099);
System.out.println("Trying to lookup invalid server name...");
registry.lookup("InvalidServerName"); // This does NOT exist
System.out.println("ERROR: Lookup succeeded unexpectedly!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("TC5 Expected failure (invalid lookup):");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Output:
Trying to lookup invalid server name...
TC5 Expected failure (invalid lookup):
java.rmi.NotBoundException: InvalidServerName
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry.RegistryImpl.lookup(RegistryImpl.java:237)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry.RegistryImpl_Skel.dispatch(RegistryImpl_Skel.java:133)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.oldDispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:470)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:299)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
​ at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:714)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:598)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:844)
​ at
java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:721)
​ at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:400)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:720)
​ at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1144)
​ at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:642)
​ at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1575)
​ at
java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.exceptionReceivedFromServer(StreamRemoteCall.java:304)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport.StreamRemoteCall.executeCall(StreamRemoteCall.java:280)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.server.UnicastRef.invoke(UnicastRef.java:382)
​ at java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry.RegistryImpl_Stub.lookup(RegistryImpl_Stub.java:123)
​ at TC5.main(TC5.java:9)

MCQ’s:

1.​ b) Remote Method Invocation​

2.​ a) java.rmi​

3.​ b) bind()​

4.​ b) LocateRegistry​

5.​ c) RemoteException​

6.​ c) Extend UnicastRemoteObject​

7.​ c) Remote​

8.​ c) lookup()​

9.​ b) Yes​

10.​ c) rmiregistry​
13. Program Title: GUI for Temperature Conversion

TemperatureConverter.java

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class TemperatureConverter extends JFrame {
private JTextField inputField; // Input field for temperature value
private JButton toCelsiusBtn; // Button to convert to Celsius
private JButton toFahrenheitBtn; // Button to convert to Fahrenheit
private JLabel resultLabel; // Label to show result or error messages
public TemperatureConverter() {
setTitle("Temperature Converter");
setSize(320, 160);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLayout(null);
JLabel inputLabel = new JLabel("Enter Temperature:");
inputLabel.setBounds(10, 10, 130, 25);
add(inputLabel);
inputField = new JTextField();
inputField.setBounds(140, 10, 150, 25);
add(inputField);
toCelsiusBtn = new JButton("Convert to Celsius");
toCelsiusBtn.setBounds(10, 50, 140, 30);
add(toCelsiusBtn);
toFahrenheitBtn = new JButton("Convert to Fahrenheit");
toFahrenheitBtn.setBounds(160, 50, 140, 30);
add(toFahrenheitBtn);
resultLabel = new JLabel("Result: ");
resultLabel.setBounds(10, 90, 290, 25);
add(resultLabel);
// Add button listeners
toCelsiusBtn.addActionListener(e -> convertToCelsius());
toFahrenheitBtn.addActionListener(e -> convertToFahrenheit());
}
// Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
private void convertToCelsius() {
String input = inputField.getText().trim();
// TC4: Blank input → show error
if (input.isEmpty()) {
resultLabel.setText("Error: Input cannot be blank.");
return;
}
try {
double f = Double.parseDouble(input); // Try to parse input number
// TC1: Input 100°F → Output 37.78°C handled here
double c = (f - 32) * 5 / 9; // Convert F to C
resultLabel.setText(String.format("Result: %.2f °C", c));
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
 // TC5: Invalid input like "abc"
resultLabel.setText("Invalid input! Please enter a number.");
}
}
// Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
private void convertToFahrenheit() {
String input = inputField.getText().trim();
// TC4: Blank input → show error
if (input.isEmpty()) {
resultLabel.setText("Error: Input cannot be blank.");
return;
}
try {
double c = Double.parseDouble(input); // Parse input number
// TC2: Input 0°C → Output 32°F handled here
// TC3: Input -40°C → Output -40°F handled here
double f = (c * 9 / 5) + 32; // Convert C to F
resultLabel.setText(String.format("Result: %.2f °F", f));
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
// TC5: Invalid input like "abc"
resultLabel.setText("Invalid input! Please enter a number.");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
new TemperatureConverter().setVisible(true);
});
}
}

Output:

Test case 1:
Test case 2:

Test Case 3:

Test Case 4:
Test Case 5:

Output:

1.​ a) java.awt​

2.​ b) JButton​

3.​ c) GridLayout​

4.​ c) ActionEvent​

5.​ c) add()​

6.​ c) getText()​

7.​ b) Celsius​

8.​ b) (C × 9/5) + 32​

9.​ c) LayoutManager​

10.​ d) Handled using try-catch​

14. Program Title: JavaFX Media Player

Step 1: Install JavaFX SDK

Download JavaFX SDK from Gluon — choose the version matching your JDK and OS.

Extract the downloaded ZIP to a folder on your system (e.g., C:\javafx-sdk-20).

Step 2: Create a JavaFX Project in Eclipse

Open Eclipse.
Go to File → New → Java Project.

Name it (e.g., JavaFXMediaPlayer).

Click Finish.

Step 3: Add JavaFX libraries to Build Path

Right-click your project → Properties.

Select Java Build Path → Libraries tab.

Click Modulepath → Add External JARs.

Browse to the lib folder inside your extracted JavaFX SDK directory (e.g., C:\javafx-sdk-20\lib).

Select all JAR files in that folder → Click Open → Then Apply and Close.

Step 4: Add VM arguments to run configuration

Go to Run → Run Configurations.

Select your project’s run configuration or create a new one.

In the Arguments tab, in the VM arguments box, paste this (adjust path to your JavaFX SDK lib folder):

bash
Copy
Edit
--module-path "C:\javafx-sdk-20\lib" --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.media
(Use double quotes if your path contains spaces.)

Step 5: Add your JavaFX media player code

Inside src, create a new class: BasicMediaPlayer.

Paste the complete JavaFX media player code I provided.

Save all files.

Step 6: Run your JavaFX program

Right-click your BasicMediaPlayer.java → Run As → Java Application.

The media player window should appear.

Use Load Media button to pick a media file and test play/pause/stop.
BasicMediaPlayer.java

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.media.*;
import javafx.stage.FileChooser;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import java.io.File;
public class BasicMediaPlayer extends Application {
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer;
private Label statusLabel = new Label("No media loaded.");
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Buttons for control
Button loadButton = new Button("Load Media");
Button playButton = new Button("Play");
Button pauseButton = new Button("Pause");
Button stopButton = new Button("Stop");
// Initially disable play, pause, and stop buttons
playButton.setDisable(true);
pauseButton.setDisable(true);
stopButton.setDisable(true);
// Load media file (used for TC4 and TC5 handling)
loadButton.setOnAction(e -> {
FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
fileChooser.setTitle("Choose Media File");
File file = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(primaryStage);
if (file != null) {
try {
if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.dispose(); // Clean up old media player
}
// Load media - handles TC5 (MediaException if unsupported format)
Media media = new Media(file.toURI().toString());
mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
// Enable control buttons
playButton.setDisable(false);
pauseButton.setDisable(false);
stopButton.setDisable(false);
statusLabel.setText("Media loaded: " + file.getName());
// Media events
mediaPlayer.setOnPlaying(() -> statusLabel.setText("Playing")); // TC1
mediaPlayer.setOnPaused(() -> statusLabel.setText("Paused")); // TC2
mediaPlayer.setOnStopped(() -> statusLabel.setText("Stopped")); // TC3
mediaPlayer.setOnEndOfMedia(() -> {
 mediaPlayer.stop();
statusLabel.setText("Playback finished");
});
mediaPlayer.setOnError(() ->
statusLabel.setText("Error: " + mediaPlayer.getError().getMessage())
);
} catch (MediaException ex) {
// TC5: Invalid or unsupported media format
statusLabel.setText("Unsupported media format.");
playButton.setDisable(true);
pauseButton.setDisable(true);
stopButton.setDisable(true);
}
} else {
// TC4: No file selected
statusLabel.setText("No file loaded.");
}
});
// TC1: Play
playButton.setOnAction(e -> {
if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.play();
} else {
statusLabel.setText("Error: Load a media file first."); // TC4 fallback
}
});
// TC2: Pause
pauseButton.setOnAction(e -> {
if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.pause();
}
});
// TC3: Stop and reset
stopButton.setOnAction(e -> {
if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.seek(Duration.ZERO); // Reset to beginning
}
});
// Layout setup
HBox controls = new HBox(10, loadButton, playButton, pauseButton, stopButton);
VBox root = new VBox(10, controls, statusLabel);
root.setStyle("-fx-padding: 20; -fx-alignment: center;");
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 420, 140);
primaryStage.setTitle("JavaFX Media Player");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
 launch(args);
}
}

TC1: Click Play → Output: Media starts

TC2: Click Pause → Output: Media pauses

TC3: Click Stop → Output: Media stops and resets

TC4: No file loaded → Output: Error message

TC5: Play file in unsupported format → Output: MediaException

MCQ’s:

1.​ b) Media​

2.​ c) MediaPlayer​

3.​ d) All of the above​

4.​ d) All of the above​

5.​ c) play()​

6.​ c) start(Stage)​

7.​ b) Stops media and resets​

8.​ a) MediaException​

9.​ c) Stage​

10.​ b) new Media(path)

15. Program Title: Real-Time Data Visualization in JavaFX

RealTimeChartApp.java

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.application.Platform;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.chart.LineChart;
import javafx.scene.chart.NumberAxis;
import javafx.scene.chart.XYChart;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import java.util.Random;
public class RealTimeChartApp extends Application {
private XYChart.Series<Number, Number> series;
private int xValue = 0;
private Timeline timeline;
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
primaryStage.setTitle("Real-time Data Visualization");
// Step 2: Create axes and LineChart
NumberAxis xAxis = new NumberAxis();
xAxis.setLabel("Time (seconds)");
NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis();
yAxis.setLabel("Value");
LineChart<Number, Number> lineChart = new LineChart<>(xAxis, yAxis);
lineChart.setTitle("Real-time Line Chart");
// Initialize series and add to chart
series = new XYChart.Series<>();
series.setName("Random Data");
lineChart.getData().add(series);
// Buttons to start/stop updates
Button startBtn = new Button("Start");
Button stopBtn = new Button("Stop");
// Step 3 & 4: Simulate data and update chart every second
timeline = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(1), e -> addData()));
timeline.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
startBtn.setOnAction(e -> timeline.play());
stopBtn.setOnAction(e -> timeline.pause());
VBox vbox = new VBox(10, lineChart, startBtn, stopBtn);
Scene scene = new Scene(vbox, 800, 600);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
 primaryStage.show();
// TC1: App starts with empty chart (series empty)
}
private void addData() {
// Step 5: Handle non-numeric gracefully by simulating only numeric values here
try {
Random random = new Random();
double yValue = 10 + random.nextDouble() * 90; // Range 10-100
// TC4: Chart scales automatically as NumberAxis does by default
Platform.runLater(() -> series.getData().add(new XYChart.Data<>(xValue++, yValue)));
// Limit points to keep chart readable
if (series.getData().size() > 30) {
Platform.runLater(() -> series.getData().remove(0));
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.err.println("Error adding data: " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
TC1: App starts → Chart displays empty
TC2: Data added every second → Graph updates in real-time
TC3: Stop updates → Graph freezes
TC4: Data out of range → Chart scales accordingly

TC5: Non-numeric input → Handled gracefully

Invalid input detected: Simulated non-numeric input

Invalid input detected: Simulated non-numeric input
Invalid input detected: Simulated non-numeric input
Invalid input detected: Simulated non-numeric input
Invalid input detected: Simulated non-numeric input
MCQ’s:

1.​ c) LineChart​

2.​ b) Chart​

3.​ c) Timeline​

4.​ b) XYChart.Series​

5.​ b) Updates UI from background​

6.​ d) Timeline​

7.​ a) Strings​

8.​ a) setData()​

9.​ d) Can slow down​

10.​ c) BorderPane​