Chapter 2

Multimedia Network
 Basic of Computer and Multimedia
Network
• Computer networks are essential to modern computing.
• Multimedia networks share all major issues and
technologies of computer networks.
• The ever-growing needs for various multimedia
communications have made networks one of the most
active areas for research and development.
• Various high-speed networks are becoming a central part
of most contemporary multimedia systems.
 Basic of Computer and Multimedia
Network
• A computer network or data network is a
telecommunications network that allows computers
to exchange data.
• Networked computing devices pass data to each
other along data connections.
• Data is transferred in the form of packets.
• The connections (network links) between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media
 Basic of Computer and Multimedia
Network
• Definition:
A computer network is a collection of computers
and devices connected together via communication
devices and transmission media.
Devices- printers, scanners
Communication devices- hub, router
Transmission devices- satellite, infrared, cable
 The Network Diagram
(Click on the Words Below and Learn More About Each Component)

Wired Network PC Firewall The Internet

Fiber Optic Network Cable

Router
Switch

Server Other LANS

Wireless Network
 Types of Computer Network

• LAN
• WLAN
• WAN
• MAN
 LAN (Local Area Network)
• A network of computers that are in the same physical location,
such as home or building
• Contains printers, servers and computers
• Systems are close to each other.
• Usually connected using Ethernet
• A standard on how computers communicate over a shared media (cable)

Old: BNC connector for coaxial cable New: RJ45 for twisted pair cable
 WLAN (Wireless LAN)
• Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
• A wireless technology that connects computers without cables
• Access Point (AP)
• A device (base station) that connects wireless devices together
• Usually connected to a wired-network
• ESSID (Extended Service Set ID)
• A “name” for the AP, eg. mobilenet
• Hotspot
• The area covered by wireless access points
 WAN (Wide Area Network)
• A LAN spans a large geographic area, such as connections between cities

• Two or more LANs connected over a large geographic area

• Typically use public or leased lines

• Phone lines
• Satellite

• Usually connected using leased line

• T1 (1.5Mbps)
• T3 (45Mbps) Telecommunication lines
• OC3 (155Mbps)
• OC12 (622Mbps)
• OC48 (2.4Gbps) Fiber optic lines
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

 Large network that connects different

organizations
 Shares regional resources
 A network provider sells time
 Home Network (single machine)
Wall Jack

DSL/Cable
Modem
USB/Ethernet
Cable
 Home Network (multiple
Wall Jack
machines)
DSL/Cable
Hub/Switch/Router
Modem
USB/Ethernet
Cable
 Home Network (multiple
Wall Jack
machines)
Ethernet Cable

DSL/Cable
Hub/Switch/Router
Modem
 Home Wireless Network
Wall Jack

Ethernet Cable

DSL/Cable
Hub/Switch/Router
Modem
 Network Topology

• Logical layout of wires and equipment

• Choice affects
• Network performance
• Network size
• Network collision detection
 BUS
 Also called linear bus

 One wire connects all nodes

 Terminator ends the wires

 Advantages
 Easy to setup

 Small amount of wire

 Disadvantages
 Slow

 Easy to crash
 STAR
 All nodes connect to a hub
 Packets sent to hub

 Hub sends packet to destination

 Advantages
 Easy to setup

 One cable can not crash network

 Disadvantages
 One hub crashing downs entire network

 Uses lots of cable

 Most common topology

 RING
 Nodes connected in a circle

 Tokens used to transmit data

 Nodes must wait for token to send

 Advantages
 Time to send data is known

 No data collisions

 Disadvantages
 Slow

 Lots of cable
 MESH
All computers connected together

Internet is a mesh network

Advantage
Data will always be delivered
Higher speed of transmitting data

Disadvantages
Lots of cable
Hard to setup
 TREE
 Hierarchal Model

 Advantages
 Scaleable

 Easy Implementation

 Easy Troubleshooting
 Internetwork

 An Internetwork is the connection of two or more

distinct computer networks or network segments
via a common routing technology.

 Any interconnection among or between public,

private, commercial, industrial, or governmental
networks may also be defined as an
internetwork.
 Internetwork
 Intranet
 An intranet is a set of networks, using the Internet Protocol and IP-based tools
such as web browsers and file transfer applications, that is under the control of a
single administrative entity.
 Most commonly, an intranet is the internal network of an organization

 Extranet
 An extranet is a network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a single
organization or entity but which also has limited connections to the networks of
one or more other usually, but not necessarily, trusted organizations or entities
 by definition, an extranet cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at least
one connection with an external network.

 Internet
 The Internet consists of a worldwide interconnection of governmental, academic,
public, and private networks based upon the networking technologies of the
Internet Protocol Suite.
 Network Protocols

A family of protocols that makes the Internet

works
 TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol)
• Connection-oriented.
• Established for packet switched networks only | no
circuits and data still have to be packetized.
• Relies on the IP layer for delivering the message to the
destination computer specifed by its IP address.
• Provides message packetizing, error detection,
retransmission, packet sequencing and multiplexing.
• Although reliable, the overhead of retransmission in TCP
may be too high for many real-time multimedia applica-
tions such as streaming video
 IP (Internet Protocol)
• Responsible for end to end transmission
• Sends data in individual packets
• Maximum size of packet is determined by the networks
• Unreliable
• Packets might be lost, corrupted, duplicated, delivered out of
order
• 4 bytes
• e.g. 163.1.125.98
• Each device normally gets one (or more)
• In theory there are about 4 billion available
 OSI Network Layers

OSI Reference Model has the following network layers:

• Physical Layer: Denes electrical and mechanical properties of
the physical interface, and species the functions and procedural
sequences performed by circuits of the physical interface.
• Data Link Layer: Species the ways to establish, maintain and
terminate a link, e.g., transmission and synchronization of data
frames, error detection and correction, and access protocol to
the Physical layer.
• Network Layer: Denes the routing of data from one end to
the other across the network. Provides services such as
addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control,
and sequencing of packets.
 OSI Network Layers

• Transport Layer: Provides end-to-end communication

between end systems that support end-user applications or
services. Supports either connection-oriented or connectionless
protocols. Provides error recovery and flow control.
• Session Layer: Coordinates interaction between user
applications on different hosts, manages sessions (connections),
e.g., completion of long le transfers.
• Presentation Layer: Deals with the syntax of transmitted data,
e.g., conversion of different data formats and codes due to
different conventions, compression or encryption.
• Application Layer: Supports various application programs and
protocols, e.g., FTP, Telnet, HTTP, SNMP, SMTP/MIME, etc.
 OSI vs TCP /IP Protocols
Model
OSI TCP/ IP

Application Application
Presentation
Session
Transport Transport
Network Internet
Network access
Data Link
(LLC and MAC)
Physical Physical

Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP protocol architectures

Push and Pull Technology
Objectives

• Definition
• Requirement
• Application
• Push vs Pull Tech.
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
 Definition

• Also called server push

• …is a set of technologies used to send information
from publisher or central server to a client without
the client’s request
• Allows the client to get information without they
knowing about virtual information server
 An analogy about Push Tech..

• Sample of non-Internet scenario:

• Books delivered by subscription, selected by the publisher and
sent to the reader.
• Magazines and newspapers delivered on a regular schedule by
subscription
• Movie that broadcast to TV where the viewer selects a channel
and receives what the vendor
 Application

• Text Messaging
• Email
• Pointcast Network
• BlackBerry Apps.
Pointcast Network

• PointCast was the first company to successfully

combine the Internet with push technologies.
• Founded in 1992 to deliver news and other
information over Internet connections.
• PointCast Network was free (need to download the
PointCast client program from PointCast's Web site).
• Used to sent customized news to users' desktops.
 Push vs Pull Tech
• Pull : synchronous mode, request/response
• Push : asynchronous mode, publish/subscribe

Figure 1. Synchronous and Asynchronous Modes

 Push & Pull Technology

• Push tech : allow user to get information as soon as

it is available and does not requires any knowledge
from user about the server.
• Pull tech : User request data from another program
or computer via browser
 Advantages

• Provider can sent information within certain time to

their targeted clients.
• Clients are becoming more aware because of - alert/
notification / updates information
 Disadvantages

• Information overloaded
• Consume amount of internet bandwidth
• Most information is not relevant
Social Network Apps.
Social Network
• Definition
• History
• Current Applications
• Advantages
• Business
• Education
• Government
• Social
• Disadvantages
• Impact
• Issues
Social Network

• Social Networking. . . It's the way the 21st

century communicates today.
 Definition
• A social networking service is an online service, platform,
or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social
networks or social relations among people.
• They share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life
connections.
• A social network service consists of a representation of each
user (often a profile), they social links, and a variety of
additional services.
• Most social network services are web-based and provide
means for users to interact over the Internet.
History
 Current Applications

• Facebook
• Instagram
• WeChat
• Whatsapp
• …
 Advantages

• Business
• Education
• Government
• Social
 Advantage: Business

• Ask for feedback when dealing with product/service.

• Easy to broadcast message
• Create contest – photo
• Expose the brand
• Poll or survey from customer
• At low cost
 Advantage : Education

• Connecting with friends from various place/

background
• Free advertising about education program
 Advantage : Government

• Enable collaboration with other organization (tweet

apps)
• Sharing information with public
• Harnesses the ideas of the public to support
government mission
• Up-to-date with news faster
 Advantage : Social

• Share information about religion / dakwah

• Ustaz Azhar Idrus facebook
 Disadvantages

• Time consuming
• Spend most of the time
updating their profile info.
 Disadvantages

• Sabotage
• Embarrass /damage someone reputation with text /
photos post thru application wall
• More information contribute to easy criminal
• Steal identity, detail, money
• Harassment
• Isolation
• Virus
 Impact

• Society
• Student
• Organization
• Government
 Impact : Society

• Able to connect people from all over the world

 Impact : Society

• Create group with people based on similar interest

• Solve crime
• Speedy communication
• Donation
• Therapy session
 Impact : Society

• Over sharing
• Jealousy/ controversial
• addiction
• gambling
 Impact : Student

• Discussion – motivated
• Spread information with low cost
• Lower grade
According to a study by doctoral candidate Aryn Karpinski (in 2009), college students
who use the 200 million–member social network have significantly lower grade-point
averages (GPA) than those who do not.
The study, surveyed 219 undergraduate and graduate students and found that GPAs of
Facebook users typically ranged a full grade point lower than those of nonusers — 3.0 to
3.5 for users versus 3.5 to 4.0 for their non-networking peers.
 Impact : Organization

• Employer can monitor their employee behavior

• Teamwork
• Opportunity for dialogue between customer and
business
• Less productivity
• Employees may be commenting publicly and talking
about their employer
 Impact : Government

• Election campaign
• Spread important information
• Medium to protest against government
 Q&A

THANK YOU
 Discussion

• Discuss THREE (3) points on the

benefits of push technology in
social media services. Provide an
explanation and example for each
of the points given.