Distributed Control Systems
Dedicated Computer Control
Dedicated computer control have wide applications in Small plant operation Large scale operations Signal and Image processing, etc.
Essential functions of a computer
Process monitoring Data acquisition Alarming and signaling Data processing Data archiving Process control
Centralized computer control
Distributed Vs centralized computer control
De-Centralized computer control system
Evolution of DCS
Famous DCS
Functional requirements of distributed computer control system
Plant operator requirements
Maintenance engineering requirements
Design/Development Engineer requirements
Manager/Supervisor requirements
System Architecture
DCS Hierarchy Structure
Hierarchical levels
AEG-Telefunken Logistat CP80
Hierarchical levels
Level 1 Process Level Level 2 Unit Control Level Level 3 Group Control Level Level 4 Process Control Level Level 5 Operation Control Level
DCS Hierarchy Structure
DCS Sub-system
Main sub systems of DCS
Field stations Presentation and monitoring devices Communication units
PROCONTROL Local field station
Local Field Station
Smallest intelligent unit of the DCS is the multi-loop control in the field attached to many local controllers. Honey well TDC 3000 field station is known as controller file Siemens TELEPARM field stations are known a Automation subsystem BBC PROCONTROL Field station is known as Compact processing station
Field station
Field station usually consists of 1. A microcomputer with 32 to 64Kb RAM 16 to 32 analog inputs 8 to 16 analog outputs upto 48 digital I/Os a serial and parallel bus interface 2. Hard copy output terminal 3. Local display terminal
Library of functions
Inputing signals Input signal conditioning Signal and hardware testing Limit values and trends check Alarming Reporting and logging Mathematical and logical signal processing On-line and off-line signal processing Visual display and printing Output signal conditioning Signal outputting
Presentation and monitoring devices
On the display screen the following will be usually represented
Current values of measuring data Positions of actuators Logs of the plant History of individual signals State of different plant parts, control loops, etc.
The information displayed on the screen can be generally classified as follows:
Plant overview; Group overview; Local multi-loop representation of individual process variables reporting and logging Representation of secondary plant data ( statistical parameters, etc.)
TDC 3000 displays
TDC 3000 displays are used in three operating modes:
Normal conditions At time of process upset In the event of control equipment malfunction
Normal condition displays
Overview display
Schematic display
Group display
Group display with trends
Trend curve updating
Group display with hourly average
Detail display
Trend overview display
Batch/sequence operation display
Batch summary display
Batch display
Process upset displays
Alarm annunciator display
Area and unit alarm display
Process management system display
Communication options in DCS
The communication system also follows hierarchy system For short distance applications star network is applicable At level 1 usually point-to-point connection is applicable to connect individual sensors and actuators to analog and digital inputs and output of the field station. For shorter distances instrumentation bus like IEEE 488, or special bus like k-110 of AEG Telefunken can be used. For level 2 and 3 long distance buses like IEEE 488, PDV BUS , PROWAY, etc which are extendable upto 5 to 10kms are used. Generally long distance buses are serial buses.
Field bus communication
Configuration of DCS
Step 1: Configuration of operating system Composition of groups and overview displays Period for trend displays Hi-way station priorities Message tables
Step 2: Configuration of controller functions
Some popular DCS
Leeds and Northup Max-1 System
Leeds and Northup Max-1 System
Control Bailey Micro-Z System
Honeywell TDC-2000, TDC 3000 system
TDC 3000 system architecture
The basic modules are;
Controller file Operator station Hiway traffic director(HTD) Analog unit Process interface unit
Honeywell TPS system
TPS Honeywell
The basic components of TPS system are:
Global user station (GUS) Total plant desktop module Total plant engineering tools Total plant history module Advanced application software packages like total plant batch control, multivariable control, optimization, etc.
Echelons Lonwork System
The basic building blocks of Lonworks are
Neuron chips Lontalk communication protocol Lonworks transceivers Network management services
Lonwork System
Features of DCS
Advantages of DCS
