Android Development Course

Ahmad Hanis

What Is Android
Android

is the operating system that controls

phones, tablets and many other devices. An
operating system is the core of the device
and helps applications communicate with
various hardware components. It also
provides a uniform user-interface to allow you
to interact with the device and applications
that run on the device.
2

Where it came from

Android was the development of Android Inc., started in

2003 in Palo Alto, California.
In 2005 Google, acquired Android, Inc. and the
development team behind Android.
The core of Android is based on Linux
The Android OS was officially announced at the end of
2007 and in 2008 Google made Android available under
an open source code license.
This means manufacturers and carriers can use and
modify Android without a licensing payment, making a
lower cost and more flexible solution for many companies.
3

Why Mobile App Development?

The fact that we can! Only a few years ago you had to
be in the Motorola inner circle to do it!
Mobile platform is the platform of the future

Job market is hot

Double-digit growth in world-wide smartphone ownership 3

Market for mobile software surges from $4.1 billion in 2009 to
$17.5 billion by 2012
2012 Dice.com more than 68130 open job available every day.
Dice.com: mobile app developers made $92,000 in 2012and
salaries expected to rise

Students (and faculty!) are naturally interested!

4

Why Android?

A lot of people have

them

70% of worldwide
market share

Students already know

Java and Eclipse

Low learning curve

BIT students can use
App Inventor for Android

1http://testkitchen.colorado.edu/projects/reports/smartphone/smartphone-appendix1/

http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1543014

Android
Operating
System
6

Android Devices
Phone
Tablet
E-Readers
Others

Android-Powered Microwave

By Touch Revolution at CES 2010

http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/30712/android-powered-microwavecooking-google

Brief History
1996

The WWW already had websites with color and

images
But, the best phones displayed a couple of lines
of monochrome text!
Enter:

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) stripped down

HTTP for bandwidth reduction
Wireless Markup Language (WML) stripped down
HTML for content
9

Brief History
Many

Few developers to produce content (it wasnt fun!)

Really hard to type in URLs using the small
keyboards
Data fees frightfully expensive
No billing mechanism content difficult to monetize

Other

issues (WAP = Wait And Pay)

platforms emerged

Palm OS, Blackberry OS, J2ME, Symbian (Nokia),

BREW, OS X iPhone, Windows Mobile
10

Brief History - Android

2005

2007

Google acquires startup Android Inc. to start Android platform

Work on Dalvik VM begins
Open Handset Alliance announced
Early look at SDK

2008

Google sponsors 1st Android Developer Challenge

T-Mobile G1 announced
SDK 1.0 released
Android released open source (Apache License)
Android Dev Phone 1 released

11

Brief History cont.

2009

SDK 1.5 (Cupcake)

SDK 1.6 (Donut)

Support Wide VGA

SDK 2.0/2.0.1/2.1 (Eclair)

New soft keyboard with autocomplete feature

Revamped UI, browser

2010

Nexus One released to the public

SDK 2.2 (Froyo)

Flash support, tethering

SDK 2.3 (Gingerbread)

UI update, system-wide copy-paste

12

The Android Developer

Website
http://developer.android.com/index.html

This

should be your homepage for the next

semester!

13

Distribution of Devices

14

What is Google Android?

A software stack for mobile devices that includes

An operating system
Middleware
Key Applications

Uses Linux to provide core system services

Security
Memory management
Process management
Power management
Hardware drivers
15

Android Architecture

16

More details at: http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

Mobile Devices: Advantages (as

compared to fixed devices)
Always

with the user

Typically have Internet access
Typically GPS enabled
Typically have accelerometer & compass
Most have cameras & microphones
Many apps are free or low-cost

17

Mobile Devices: Disadvantages

Limited screen size
Limited battery life
Limited processor speed
Limited and sometimes slow network access
Limited or awkward input: soft keyboard, phone
keypad, touch screen, or stylus
Limited web browser functionality
Range of platforms & configurations across
devices

18

Mobile Applications
What

are they?

Any application that runs on a mobile device

Types

Web apps: run in a web browser

HTML, JavaScript, Flash, server-side components,

etc.

Native: compiled binaries for the device

Often make use of web services

19

Android Apps
Built

using Java and new SDK libraries

No support for some Java libraries like Swing &

AWT
Oracle currently suing Google over use

Java

code compiled into Dalvik byte code

(.dex)

Optimized for mobile devices (better memory

management, battery utilization, etc.)

Dalvik

VM runs .dex files

20

Building and running

Compiled resources
(xml files)

Android Debug Bridge

ADB is a client server program that connects clients on developer

machine to devices/emulators to facilitate development.
An IDE like Eclipse handles this entire process for you.

http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/building/index.html#detailed-build

21

Applications Are Boxed

By default, each app is run in its own Linux

process

Process started when apps code needs to be

executed
Threads can be started to handle time-consuming
operations

Each process has its own Dalvik VM

By default, each app is assigned unique Linux ID

Permissions are set so apps files are only visible to

that app
22

Android Architecture

23

Publishing and Monetizing

Paid apps in Android Market, various other
markets
Free, ad-supported apps in Android Market

Ad networks (Google AdMob, Quattro Wireless)

Sell your own ads

Services to other developers

Ex. Skyhook Wireless

(http://www.skyhookwireless.com/)

Contests (Android Developer Challenge)

Selling products from within your app

24

Android Market

http://www.android.com/market/

Has

various categories, allows ratings

Have both free/paid apps
Featured apps on web and on phone
The Android Market (and iTunes/App Store) is
great for developers

Level playing field, allowing third-party apps

Revenue sharing
25

Publishing to Android Market

Requires

$25 fee

Link

Google Developer Account

to a Merchant Account

Google Checkout
Link to your checking account
Google takes 30% of app purchase price

26

27

Android Design Philosophy

Applications

Fast

Apps must respond to user actions within 3 seconds

Secure

Resource constraints: <200MB RAM, slow processor

Responsive

should be:

Apps declare permissions in manifest

Seamless

Usability is key, persist data, suspend services

Android kills processes in background as needed
28

Other design principles

http://developer.android.com/design/index.ht

ml
Great

reference!

29

Apple vs. Google

Open

Handset Alliance

30+ technology companies

Commitment to openness, shared vision, and
concrete plans

Compare

with Mac/PC battles

Similar (many PC manufacturers, one Apple)

Different (Microsoft sells Windows, Google gives
away Android)
30

Android Development

31

Android Development
Android

Development Life Cycle

Setting up Eclipse + SDK + JDK + ADB
HelloWorld Your First Program
Hello World Demystify
GUI Layout & Java Codes
Button Action
Math Operation
Layout Selection
32

 Development

process for an
Android app

33

http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/index.html

(1-a) Setup Dev Environment!!

Long

way

Install JDK and set path

Install Eclipse
Install Android SDK
Download Android API through SDK Manager
Configure Eclipse + Android SDK
Install Android Device Driver (Optional)

34

Setup Dev Environment!!

Shorter

way

Install JDK - Available from C:\AndroidSDKbundleEclipse-4win-x86\Tools\jdk-7u3-windowsi586)

Copy AndroidSDK-bundleEclipse-4win-x86
folder to your C:\ directory

Run Eclipse for the first time to

check the SDK integration
Set your workspace
you should get
35

Setup Dev Environment!!

If not then
proceed with SDK
configuration.
Go to Window
Preferences and
set the SDK
location
You should get

36

Setup Dev Environment!!

Finally to verify your

configuration check your
android SDK manager
from window menu.
Your SDK API already
preinstalled with API 17
and 10
You can download any
API youre interested
using the SDK manager.

37

Setup Dev Environment!!

Java Path If you use
the bundled android
development package,
the java build path has
been predefined in the
eclipse preferences.
To check if the java path
has been define properly
go to menu Window
Select Preferences.

38

(1-b)Setup AVD & Device for

Testing
Your

compiled android application can run

on:

AVD Android Virtual Device

Virtual device that simulate android operating system

Driver - Physical Android Device

Directly compiled to the device

39

(1-b) Setup AVD & Device for

Testing

AVD Android Virtual

Device Setup
Window Android
Virtual Device Manager
New Enter AVD name
Target API OK
Select AVD and click
start

40

(1-b) Setup AVD & Device for

Testing
Tips

on AVD

Make sure to select the

right API level for your
application.
Choose the device
resolution as low as
possible to improve
simulator performance.
Leave the AVD open
through out the application
development process.

41

(2) Development Hello World

(2-a) Hello World Your first android application!!!

zero programming required

Step 1

Step 2

42

(2) Development - Hello World

Step 3

Step 4

43

(2) Development Hello World

Step 5

Step 6

44

(2) Development Hello World

45

(2) Development Hello World

Step 1 Click run button

Running

Hello World
application on your AVD

Do not change anything to

the java codes and xml
interface!!!
To compile and run your
program on AVD:

Step 2 Run as Android Apps

46

(2) Development - Hello World

Step 3 Select AVD Profile

Step 4 Hello World Run

47

(2) Development- Demystify

Android
Development
Explained

Two main
programming
component

XML Interface
Layout
(Activity)
Java code for
activity
48

(2) Development - Demystify

Graphical Interface Layout

49

(2) Development - Demystify

Activity_main.xml

50

(2) Development - Demystify

Each object in the

layout has it own XML
code that describe its
properties.
Object properties can
be change by using
the properties window

51

(2) Development - Demystify

Automatically created for every new project

Link with activity

52

Exercise 1
Simple

Java Program that add a text to the

textview.

Create new android program and give a name

Android Text.
Add android:id=@id/textView1 in
activity_main.xml file or using you can use the
textview properties

53

(2-b) Development
Double

click on your MainActivity.java and

add the following code to the existing code:
Noticed the redline under TextView.

54

(2-b) Development

This error indicate

missing package.
To import missing
package place the
cursor on the error text
and click import
TextView
(android.widget)
Run the code on your
emulator
55

(2-b) Development
Textview

hard coded
with and show on the
screen.

56

Exercise 2
Add

two more textview and put your name

and matric number for each textview
respectively using the java codes.

57

Explanation

TextView = class (Need to import this class first before use)

teks = object you can use any legal programming name
setText = operation that can be performed.
58

Development Button Click

1.

2.

3.

Create new project

and give a name as
Button Handler
Change Form Layout
to Linear Layout.
Insert
TextView,editText1,bb
utton1 and
textView1(large) to the
form layout.
59

Development Button Click

4. Run the interface on your
AVD and you should get
5. To add Button operation
you need to create a
method that describe the
action of the button.
6. Access your
Activity_main.xml and look
for Button configuration

60

Development Button Click

7. Add the following line to
the button xml
configuration.
8. handleClick is basically
the name of the method
that will be use in
MainActivity.java
9. You can use any name as
long as it follows the
programming naming
convention.
61

Development Button Click

10. Open your
MainActivity.java
and add the
handleClick
method to the
class.
11. Follow exactly as
in this page.
Make sure
location of the
method is
correct!!!
62

Development Button Click

11.Run the code on
your AVD and insert
a text and press a
button

63

Explanation

Can you see the repetition and logic behind android

programming.
For every widget/component in the layout, it need to
have the reference in java code. Then object can
perform operation from selected method.

64

Development String
Manipulation
In

this exercise we are going to use our previous project (Button Click)
Modify the handleClick method as follow:

Run

the project

65

Development String
Manipulation
The result of string
manipulation where your
name is printed in reverse.
The use of build method
reverse for string
manipulation allow the input
string to reverse it content.

66

Development String
Manipulation advance
Further

modify your handleClick method with

the following codes

67

Development String Manipulation

advance Assignment!!!
The

codes given is
incomplete!!!.
Complete the code so that the
output from pressing the
button should display as in the
figure

68

Development Number
Manipulation
1. Start a new project and
name it Temperature
Converter
2. Change the form layout to
linear layout
3. Design the form layout as
in the figure
4. Run the form on your AVD
5. Add handleNom method
to your xml file. (where
and how??)
69

Development Number
Manipulation
6. Add the handleNom
method to your java
code. (where and
how??)
7. Run the program on
your AVD.

70

Exercise BMI Calculator

Develop a BMI calculator

using the following formula
and provide output based
on the scale.

71

Exercise BMI Calculator

You

should get the

output like this

72

Exercise - Modify BMI

To

add image for each result

Hide

softkeyboard

Input2=one of the edittext object in your java

Modify

your EditText android:inputType properties

so that only numbered softkeyboard will appear
73

Finally You Should Get

Final

Version

74

Date Picker

Create a new project name

Date Handler
Design your form as
Create a handleDate method in
your java file
Add handleDate onclick to your
activity form.xml.

75

Exercise Date formatter

Modify your layout as this

Modify your dateHandler method with the
following codes.

76

Exercise Date formatter

77

Input Control

Check Box

Create new project called Input

Control
Add two check box in the form
Create onCheckboxClicked method
in the java code

78

Input Control

Radio Button

Add two radio button to the form.

Group both radio button in the xml layout.

Add the following methods codes to java

79

Input Control

Toggle Button

Modify your current project

by adding toggle button to
your xml layout
Add the onToggleClicked
method to java class

80

Input Control

Spinner (dropdown
combo)

Add spinner to your current

project
To populate spinner with
data go to package
explorer and access the
value directory
strings.xml
Add new string array

81

Input Control

Go back to your
interface xml layout
and select spinner.
Go to spinner
properties
Select Entries and
choose
planet_array from
Reference Chooser
Run the code

82

Input Control

Responding from user select item from spinner

83

Input control
Modify

codes in the
main class

84

Input Control
Seekbar

Add Seekbar to the layout

Add the following to string.xml

Add following xml to seekbar layout

85

Input Control
Add

the following java codes

86

Create Menu

To create new menu access the

activity_main.xml under the res/menu
folder
Access the xml code and add new menu
by adding item tag under menu tag.

87

Create Menu
Menu

operation can be perform

by adding the following method

88

Alert Dialog
Add

a button and set the onClick properties

to clickAlert method as below

89

Intent

1.

2.

Create and navigate

between two or more
layout.
You need two java codes
and two layout xml.
Create a new project called
Hello Intent.
Copy and paste java and
xml into their directory and
rename to
SecondActivity.java and
second_activity.xml
90

Intent

Design both layouts

Open
AndroidManifest.xml
and add the
following codes to
the xml
SecondActivity
refering to
SecondActivity.java

91

Intent

Add onClick method for both buttons (OpenIntent2 for

MainActivity.java) and (OpenIntent1 for
SecondActivity.java)
Add the following method to MainActivity.java

Add the following method to SecondActivity.java

Make sure both java file contain onCreate method that calling the
correct xml layout file.

92

Passing Data between layout

Modify your Hello Intent project and by inserting in your

OpenIntent2 method in MainActivity.java

Add two textview in the

second_activity.xml layout.

93

Passing Data Between Layout

Add the following code in onCreate method in

SecondActivity.java

94

Call Build in Application

Browser

Create a new project

Add a EditView and a button to the layout
Add onClick method
Create a CallBrowser method in
MainActivity.java

Add the following code to AndroidManifest.xml

95

Call

Add one button to the existing project

Insert onClick option to the button
Add the following callPhone method to MainActivity.java

Insert the following permission into AndroidManifest.xml

96

Call

To enable call direct add the following

method to a new button (dont forget
to add onClick listener in xml layout.

97

GPS
Calling

Google Maps

98

SMS

Sending sms method

Using the same project add a new

button.
Add the onClick listener to the button
Add the following method

99

Read & Write Data

Read

and Write data to a text file

Method to store data to a textfile

100

Read & Write Data

Method to retrieve data

Dont forget to import required method and also

set the onClick listener

101

A math game

Create a new project and design your

layout as
Define the following var

Add the following code to onCreate

method

102

A math game
Add

the following handleCheck method

103

A math game
Add

the following handleNext method

104

A math game
Tips

Try to use the

properties for each
object to modify the
design.
Nested layout for
button
Import all required
class
105

Video and Audio

Play

audio

Add new folder inside your resource folder

(R.raw) . Then add any audio file to the folder by
dragging. (oppa is the name for this example)

106

Video and Audio

Play

Video

107

Notification

Create a new project and add a button and onClick

listener

108

Simple Animation
http://mycodeandlife.wordpress.com/2012/07/

07/android-simple-animation/

109

Publishing Android
App

Publishing Android App

Publishing Android App

Publishing Android App

General Publication Steps

1.

2.

3.
4.

Export your application as an APK (Android

Package) file.
Generate your own self-signed certificate
and digitally sign your application with it.
Deploy the signed application.
Use the Android Market for hosting and
selling your application.

Versioning
Beginning

with version 1.0 of the Android SDK

the AndroidManifest.xml file includess:

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

android:versionCode and
android:versionName

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.suki.BuiltIn"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >

Other AndroidManifest element

android:icon

(within the <application>

element)
android:label (within the <application>
element)
<application
android:icon=@drawable/icon
android:label=myFirst App>

Digital Signing
All Android applications must be digitally signed
before they are allowed to be deployed
You need not purchase digital certificates from a
certificate authority (CA)
You can generate your own self-signed certificate &
use it to sign your Android applications.
Eclipse uses a default debug keystore to sign your
application.
A keystore is commonly known as a digital certificate.

Specific
Steps
1. Select your project

2.

3.

in Eclipse and then

select File
Export.
In the Export dialog,
expand the Android
item and select
Export Android
Application.
Click Next.

Specific
Steps
4. Select your project

& Click Next.

Specific Steps
5.

6.
7.

8.

Select the Create new keystore option to create

a new certificate (keystore) for signing your
application.
Enter a path to save your new keystore.
Enter a password to protect the keystore. (For this
example, type in password as the password).
Click Next.

9.

Specific
Steps
Provide an alias for

10.

11.

the private key.

Enter a password to
protect the private
key. (enter
password)
Enter a validity period
for the key. Enter 50.

12.

According to Google, your

application must be signed
with a cryptographic private
key whose validity period
ends after 22 October 2033.

Click Next.

Specific
Steps
13. Enter a path to store the destination
14.

APK file.
Click Finish.

APK file will now be generated.

Deploying APK Files

Deploying

manually using the adb.exe tool

Hosting the application on a web server
Publishing through the Android Market
Besides the above methods, you can install
your applications on users devices through emails, SD card, etc. As long as you can transfer
the APK file onto the users device, you can
install the application.

Publishing on the Google Play

1.

Create a developer profile at

http://market.android.com/publish/Home.

2.

For this, you need a Google account (such as your

Gmail account).
Once you have logged in to the Android Market, you
first create your developer profile.

Click Continue (after entering the required

information).

Publishing on the Google Play

3.

4.

5.

Publishing
on
For publishing on
thethe Google Play
Android Market, you
need to pay a onetime registration fee,
currently U.S.$25.
Click the Google
Checkout button to
be redirected to a
page where you can
pay the registration
fee.
After paying, click the
Continue link.

Publishing on the Google Play

Uploading
Your
You
will be asked
to
supply some details
for your application:
The application
in APK format
At least two
screenshots.
A high-resolution
application icon.
This size of this
image must be
512512 pixels.

APK Files