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Network Theory - BASICS - : By: Mr. Vinod Salunkhe

This document provides an overview of network theory basics including voltage, current, energy, power, and network elements. It defines key concepts like voltage as the potential energy required to move a charge through a distance, and current as the rate of electron flow. It also covers network element types (active/passive, bilateral/unilateral, linear/non-linear, lumped/distributed), and the key circuit parameters of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Resistance opposes electron flow, inductance induces voltage as current changes, and capacitance stores charge proportional to applied voltage. The presentation provides fundamental definitions and descriptions of electrical concepts and components.

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vinod SALUNKHE
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117 views17 pages

Network Theory - BASICS - : By: Mr. Vinod Salunkhe

This document provides an overview of network theory basics including voltage, current, energy, power, and network elements. It defines key concepts like voltage as the potential energy required to move a charge through a distance, and current as the rate of electron flow. It also covers network element types (active/passive, bilateral/unilateral, linear/non-linear, lumped/distributed), and the key circuit parameters of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Resistance opposes electron flow, inductance induces voltage as current changes, and capacitance stores charge proportional to applied voltage. The presentation provides fundamental definitions and descriptions of electrical concepts and components.

Uploaded by

vinod SALUNKHE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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- Lecture 3

Network Theory
- - - - - - BASICS- - - - -
By:
M r. V i n o d S a l u n k h e
OVERVIE
W
▪What’s
– Voltage
– Current
– Energy
– Power
▪Network Elements
▪Parameters of Electric
circuit
▪Conclusion
VOLTAGE

▪ Always a force of attration


exists between +ve and -ve
charges in an atom.
▪ The energy required to overcome this force and
move the charge through specific distance is
called poterntial energy.
▪ The difference in Potential Energy is called
Potential Difference (Electrical term:
VOLTAGE)
𝑾 (𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒚)
V= 𝑸 (𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆)
CURREN
T
▪ The rate of flow of electrons in
a conductive or
semiconductive material.
▪ It is measured by the number of
electrons flow past a point in unit
time. 𝑸 (𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆)
I
= 𝒕(𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆)
NOTE : 1A = 1coulomb/sec = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟖𝒆𝟐−s /sec
ANALOG
Y
V
1

V1 >
V2
V1 – V2 =
Potential
difference V
2
Energy and
Power
▪ Energy - Capacity for doing work
(measured in terms of Joules)
▪ Power -Rate of change of energy in unit

time (measured in terms of Watts)

𝑊 (𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦)
P =
𝑡(𝑡𝑚
𝑖 𝑒)
Note 1W = 1J / Sec
:
NETWORK
ELEMENTS
We can classify network elements into 4
types:

1. Active / Passive Elements


2. Bilateral / Unilateral Elements
3. Linear / Non-Linear Elements
4. Lumped / Distributed Elements
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
ELEMENTS
The Active elements have the capabilty to
deliver average power greater than zero for
infinite period of time to the connected devices.
Eg: Ideal power sources, Battery, etc.,

Passive elements =
𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑚
𝑙𝑖 𝑒𝑡𝑠𝑛𝐴
𝑡𝑐−1
It consumes or dissipate the energy stored
in the
circuit.
Eg: Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors, etc.,
BILATERAL AND UNILATERAL

▪ The bilateral elements have same


V-I relationship for current
flow in either direction.
Eg : Any conducting wire,
Resistors.

▪ Unilateral Elements = Bilater𝑎𝑙


𝑒𝑚
𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑡−1
Eg : Vaccum diodes, Silicon
diodes, rectifiers, etc.,
LINEAR AND NON-
LINEAR
▪ Linear elements have linear V-I relationship
(i.e.
Straight line) passing through origin.
▪Linear elements obeys superposition
theorem. Eg: Resistors

▪ Non-Linear Elements =𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑚


𝑛𝑙𝐿
𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑛𝑡−1
Eg: SCR, Triac
LUMPED AND
DISTRIBUTED
▪ Small in size and simultaneous
action takes place for any given
cause at same time of instant.
(size is very small compared to wavelength of
signal applied) Eg: R,L,C
▪ Distributed Elements are not electrically
separable for any analytical purpose.
Eg: Transmission line has its distributed
R,L,C throughout its entire length.
PARAMETER
S
▪ Three major parameters used in an electric
circuits
are
1. Resistance
2. Inductance
3. Capacitance
RESISTANCE
R=
▪ No more collision for
0Ω electrons within the material
▪ Free flow of current (No drop
)
R ≠ 0Ω
▪ Due to physical property of
material, collision of electrons with
atoms of material takes place.
▪ The flow of current is resisted
by value R
▪ Drop in potential across
material
INDUCTANCE
▪ A wire of certain length is twisted into coil to
form
a basic inductor.

For larger ‘I’ more


flux develops
around coil
When ‘I’ changes instantaneously, flux also
changes. According to faraday’s law some voltage
is induced, and it is𝑑𝑖given by
V = L 𝑡𝑑
𝑑𝑖
Note: For DC,𝑑𝑡 0. Hence V=0. (Short
= circuit)
CAPACITOR

▪ It has two conducting surfaces separated


by
dielectric.
▪ Capacitance is the
amount of charge a
capacitor can store when a
voltage is applied
across it. 𝑄
C
= 𝑉
The simple
presentation
ends here
And f i n a l l y , I t ’ s time t o

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