Risk Assessment And Control
FAJAR INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
MODULE 1
Learning Objectives
To understand what is hazard, risk and danger.
To understand the risk assessment process.
To understand the hierarchy of control.
To be aware of the importance of control measures
such as SOP, PTW, housekeeping, signage and use
of PPE.
To understand the Risk Assessment Matrix.
.
Scope
◆Importance of HIRARC
◆Objectives of the OSHA1994
◆Legal Requirements
◆Terms and Definitions
◆Basic Concept of HIRARC
◆Planning & Conducting HIRARC
◆Determining Control Measures
◆Documenting HIRARC
◆Consultation
◆Training
Importance of HIRARC
Fundamental to the practice of planning,
management and the operation of a business as a
basic of risk management
A preventive measure to enforce the law on
Occupational Safety and Health
Helps organizations recognize substandard acts and
working conditions, and help them to develop and
take necessary corrective actions
OBJECTIVES OF THE OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 1994
(OSHA 1994)
to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work
against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of
persons at work;
to protect persons at place of work other than persons at work
against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of
persons at work;
to promote an occupational environment for persons at work
which is adapted to their physiological and psychological
needs
OBJECTIVES OF THE OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 1994
(OSHA 1994) (cont.)
to provide the means whereby the associated occupational
safety and health legislations may be progressively replaced by
a system of regulations and approved industry codes of practice
operating in combination with the provisions of this Act
designed to maintain or improve the standards of safety and
health.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ACT 1994
15. (1) It shall be the duty of every employer and every self-
employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety,
health and welfare at work of all his employees.
General duties of employers and self-employed
persons to their employees
15. (2)
(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems
of work that are, so far as is practicable, safe and
without risks to health;
(b) the making of arrangements for ensuring, so far as
is practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in
connection with the use or operation, handling,
storage and transport of plant and substances;
General duties of employers and self-employed
persons to their employees (cont.)
(c) the provision of such information, instruction,
training and supervision as is necessary to ensure, so
far as is practicable, the safety and health at work of
his employees;
Information Instruction Training Supervision
General duties of employers and self-employed
persons to their employees (cont.)
(d) so far as is practicable, as regards any place of work
under the control of the employer or self-employed
person, the maintenance of it in a condition that is
safe and without risks to health and the provision and
maintenance of the means of access to and egress
from it that are safe and without such risks;
General duties of employers and self-employed
persons to their employees (cont.)
(e) the provision and maintenance of a working
environment for his employees that is, so far as is
practicable, safe, without risks to health, and
adequate as regards facilities for their welfare at
work.
PENALTY FOR EMPLOYERS:
RM50,000.00 OR IMPRISONMENT FOR NOT
MORE THAN TWO YEARS OR BOTH
REFERENCE FOR
HIRARC
Every hazard can be
controlled..
Definitions
Hazard means a source or a situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage
to property, damage to the environment or a combination
of these.
Hazard Control means the process of implementing
measures to reduce the risk associated with a hazard.
Hierarchy of Control means the established priority
order for the types of measures to be used to control
risks.
Definitions
Hazard Identification means the identification of
undesired events that lead to the materialization of the
hazard and the mechanism by which those undesired
events could occur.
Risk Assessment means the process of evaluating the
risks to safety and health arising from hazards at work.
Definitions
Risk means a combination of the likelihood of
an occurrence of a hazardous event with
specified period or in specified circumstances
and the severity of injury or damage to the
health of people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event.
RISK LEVEL = LIKELIHOOD x
SEVERITY
Definitions
Risk Management means the total procedure
associated with identifying a hazard, assessing the risk,
putting in place control measures, and reviewing the
outcomes.
BASIC CONCEPT OF HIRARC
Risk is something that we as individuals live with on a
day-to-day basis. People are constantly making
decisions based on risk.
Simple decision in daily life such as driving, crossing
the road and money investment all imply an acceptance
of risk.
BASIC CONCEPT OF HIRARC (cont.)
Risk is the combination of the likelihood and severity of a
specified hazardous event occurring. In mathematical term, risk
can be calculated by the equation -
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
Likelihood is an event likely to occur within the specific
period or in specified circumstances and,
Severity is outcome from an event such as severity of injury
or health of people, or damage to property or environment, or
any combination of those caused by the event.
Purpose of HIRARC
The purpose of HIRARC are as follows:-
a) to identify all the factors that may cause harm to
employees and others (the hazards);
b) to consider what the chances are of that harm actually be
falling anyone in the circumstances of a particular case
and the possible severity that could come from it (the
risks); and
c) to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor
preventive measures to ensure that the risks are
adequately controlled at all times.
Risk Assessment Should Be Carried Out For:
◆ Routine and non-routine activities including
Emergencies;
◆ Activities of all personnel having access to the
workplace (including sub-contractors and visitors);
◆ Facilities at the workplace, whether provided by the
organisation or others.
Methodology for HIRARC
a) Document review – policy, legal document,
record of accident, NCR, audit result, O&M
Manual.
b) Site Assessment – observation, interview,
walkabout, inspection
c) Brainstorming – discussion to identify
hazard.
Planning of HIRARC Activities
HIRARC activities shall be planned and conducted –
a) for situation –
i. where hazard appear to pose significant threat;
ii. uncertain whether existing controls are
adequate; or/and
iii. before implementing corrective or preventive
measures.
b) by organization intending to continuously improve
OSH Management System.
Planning of HIRARC Activities
It should be the duty of the employer to assign
a trained personnel to lead a team of
employees associated with one particular
process or activity to conduct HIRARC.
In some cases legally competent person, e.g.
Chemical Health Risk Assessor.
Basic Components Of Risk Management
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Review
Process of HIRARC
Process of HIRARC requires 4 simple steps:
1. classify work activities;
2. identify hazard;
3. conduct risk assessment (analyze and estimate
risk from each hazard), by calculating or
estimating -
i. likelihood of occurrence, and
ii. severity of hazard;
4. decide if risk is tolerable and apply control
measures (if necessary).
1
4
Process of HIRARC (cont.)
1. Classify Work Activities
Classify work activities in accordance with their
similarity, such as –
i. Geographical or physical areas within/outside
premises;
ii. Stages in production/service process;
iii. Not too big e.g. building a car;
iv. Not too small e.g. fixing a nut; or
v. Defined task e.g. loading, packing, mixing, fixing
the door.
Process of HIRARC (cont.)
2. Hazard identification
The purpose of hazard identification is to highlight the
critical operations of tasks, that is, those tasks posing
significant risks to the health and safety of employees as
well as highlighting those hazards pertaining to certain
equipment due to energy sources, working conditions or
activities performed.
Hazards can be divided into three main groups, health
hazards, safety hazards, and environmental hazards.
Process of HIRARC (cont.)
3. Analyze and estimate risk
Risk is the determination of likelihood and severity
of the credible accident/event sequences in order to
determine magnitude and to priorities identified hazards.
It can be done by qualitative, quantitative or semi
quantitative method.
Control
Definition:
Control is the elimination or inactivation of a hazard in a
manner such that the hazard does not pose a risk to workers who
have to enter into an area or work on equipment in the course of
scheduled work.
• Hazards should be controlled at their source (where the
problem is created).
• The closer a control to the source of the hazard is the better.
This method is often referred to as applying engineering
controls.
• If this does not work, hazards can often be controlled along the
path to the worker, between the source and the worker.
• This method can be referred to as applying administrative
controls.
• If this is not possible, hazards must be controlled at the level of
the worker through the use of personal protective equipment
(PPE), although this is the least desirable control
◆ Types of Review:
– Initial Review, and
– Periodical Review.
When To Review Risk Assessment?
◆ Review whenever there are changes:
▪ Internal
◇ Before modification, changes or introduction of
new:
▪ materials, machinery or processes, working
procedures.
▪ External
◇Amendments of National Laws and
Regulations.
◇Developments in OSH knowledge and
technology.
THAT’S ALL FOR
