MOTOR PROTECTION
TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
• AC INDUCTION MOTORS
• STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
• STARTERS
• PROTECTION METHODS
• FAULTS IN A MOTOR FEEDER
MOTOR PROTECTION - GENERAL
AC INDUCTION MOTORS - CONSTRUCTION
SQUIRREL CAGE 3Ph. WINDING IN STATOR
COPPER BARS IN
ROTOR
WOUND ROTOR 3Ph WINDING IN STATOR
3 Ph. WINDING IN ROTOR
(SHORTED INTERNALLY)
WOUND ROTOR 3 Ph. WINDING IN STATOR
WITH SLIP RING 3 Ph. WINDING IN ROTOR
(TERMINATED TO SLIP RINGS)
SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 3 Ph WINDING IN STATOR
DC WINDING IN ROTOR
(TERMINATED TO SLIP RINGS)
STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
6x timesMotor Current Im Motor Full Load Current
ISt Starting Current of Motor
Ist Starting time of motor
tSt
STARTING CURRENT OF A MOTOR
- ALWAYS HIGHER THAN Im
- DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF STARTER
Im
tSt Time
GENERAL
STARTERS FOR AC INDUCTION
MOTORS FOR LT/HT MOTORS
DOL STAR DELTA
RESISTANCE LIQUID ROTOR
RESISTANCE AUTO TRANSFORMER REACTOR
VARIABLE FREQ. DRIVE
PROTECTION
LESS THAN 10 kW BIMETAL RELAY
10 KW TO 50 KW BIMETAL + SINGLE PHASING
50 KW TO 100 KW THERMAL O/L + O/C +E/F+
UNBALANCE+LOCKED ROTOR
100 KW AND ABOVE COMPREHENSIVE
MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY
THERMAL O/L+O/C+E/F+LR+
UNBALANCE+NO. OF STARTS+
UNDER LOAD+PROLONGED START
SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS ABOVE PROTECTIONS+ U/V+
(1 MW AND ABOVE) DIFFERENTIAL+ROTOR E/F+
UNDER EXCITATION+OUT OF STEP
MOTOR PROTECTION
FAULTS IN A MOTOR FEEDER
* THERMAL OVERLOAD
* LOCKED ROTOR
* OVER CURRENT (SHORT CIRCUIT)
* EARTH FAULT
* CURRENT UNBALANCE
* REPEAT STARTS
* UNDER CURRENT
* PROLONGED START
* INTER TURN SHORT
* LOSS OF EXCITATION
* UNDER EXCITATION
* UNDER VOLTAGE
* ROTOR EARTH FAULT
STATISTICS
Insulation Class & Thermal Ratings
Class of Max. Winding
Insulation Temperature
A 1050 C
1300 C
B 1550 C
1800 C
F
H
STATISTICS
Causes for Motor Failure – Historical data
Over Loads 30%
Contamination 19%
Single Phasing 14%
Bearing Failure 13%
Old age 10%
Rotor Failure 5%
Miscellaneous 9%
STATISTICS
MOTOR PROTECTION CALCULATIONS FOR
SIEMENS SIPROTEC RELAYS
OC & EF PROTECTION
1. SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION: 50-1 & 50-2
Characteristics selected = definite time
Numerical relays sense harmonic effects during staring
condition as well as under through fault
condition.
To avoid malfunctioning and filter such harmonic effects
60-80 mSec (>2 cycles) time delay shall be required.
2. EARTH FAULT PROTECTION: 51N &
50N
†Characteristics selected = Normal Inverse/DMT
NEGATIVE PH. SEQ.
PROTECTION
3. NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE PROTECTION: 46
Characteristics selected = definite time / VI
Numerical relays sense harmonic effects during staring
condition as well as under through fault condition. Also
Motor can take Negative Ph. Sequence time for>10-15
Seconds. To Avoid malfunctioning & also to get sensitivity
under actual abnormal conditions combination of VI &
DMT characteristics settings are to be used.
STARTING TIME SUPERVISION
PROTECTION
3. MOTOR STARTING PROTECTION: 48
STARTING TIME SUPERVISION
PROTECTION Continue……..
3. MOTOR STARTING PROTECTION: 48
STARTING TIME SUPERVISION
PROTECTION Continue……..
4. START INHIBIT PROTECTION: 46
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION
5. THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION: 46
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION Continue………
THERMAL OVERLOAD CHARACTERISTICS
THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION Continue………
THERMAL OVERLOAD CHARACTERISTICS
