DOS
(DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)
DOS-HISTORY
DOS Stands for "Disk Operating System.“ DOS was the first
operating system used by IBM-compatible computers.
It was originally available in two versions that having the same
features, but marketed under two different names:
i. >> "PC-DOS" was the version developed by IBM and sold to the first
IBM-compatible manufacturers.
ii. >> "MS-DOS" was the version that was bought by Microsoft, and was
bundled with the first versions of Windows.
DOS - DEFINITION
DOS uses a command line, or text-based interface to interact
with computer, that allows the user to type commands.
Basically, DOS is the medium through which the user and
external devices attached with the system to communicate with
each other.
This made the operating system difficult to use, that is why
later on Microsoft bundled the graphic-based
Windows operating system with DOS.
MS-DOS COMMANDS:
MS-DOS commands are used for the functioning of file and
disk activities. There are two types of MS-DOS commands:
1) Internal Commands
2) External Commands
DOS
Internal Command: Internal Commands work with the help
of Command.Com file. The features of Internal Commands are
as follows-
The working speed of these commands is very fast.
The length of Internal Command is very short.
The example of Internal Command are: –
DATE, TIME, VOL, VER, CLS, DIR, MD, COPY CON etc.
HOW TO START MS-DOS?
At First, click on “START” button
Click on “All Programs”
Click on “Accessories”
At last click on “Command Prompt”
Command prompt will look like as follows :
HOW TO CHANGE DRIVE?
Input any “Drive Name” then press “:” from keyboard &
press “Enter”
Eg :- E:
HOW TO START MS-DOS?
At First, click on “START” button
Click on “All Programs”
Click on “Accessories”
At last click on “Command Prompt”
Command prompt will look like as follows :
HOW TO EXIT FROM ONE DIRECTORY
Syntax : CD..
This command is used to get exit from one directory.
HOW TO EXIT FROM MULTIPLE
DIRECTORIES
Syntax : CD/ OR CD\ (any type of slash can be used)
This command is used to get exit from multiple directories.
HOW TO ENTER IN ANY DIRECTORY OR
FOLDER
Syntax : CD Folder name
CD USERS (press ENTER)
This command is used to get enter into any directory.
DATE
DATE– It is an Internal Command. By this Command we can check and
modify the current date of the computer system.
TIME
TIME – It is an Internal Command. By this we can see
and display the current time on the computer system.
VOL
VOL (Volume) – It is an Internal Command. By this
command, we can see the Volume number of system
software.
VER
VER (Version) – It is an Internal Command. By this
command, we can see the version number of system
software.
CLS
CLS – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to
clear the screen.
DIR
DIR – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to display
the available files and folders into the particular drive . For ex : if user
is writing the command DIR for E: drive than it will show the files and folders
available in the E: drive. Same rule apply for other drives.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR
DIR/P
It is an Internal Command. By this command you can display
page wise files and folders name.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR/P
DIR/W
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
width wise all files and directories name list without time, size
etc.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR /W
DIR/B
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
only primary name list of files and directories.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR/B
DIR/L
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display the
file and directories name with lower case.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR
DIR/S
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
directories name with sub directories and files
Syntax : - C:\>DIR/S
DIR/AH
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
the hidden file from the particular drive.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR/AH
DIR A*.*
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
all file names beginning the ‘A’ letter.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR A*.*
DIR *.SYS
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
the files name with .sys extension name.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR *.sys
DIR *.TXT
It is an Internal Command. By this command, we can display
files name with ‘.txt’ extension name.
Syntax : - E:\>DIR *.TXT
DIR ?A*.*
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can display
the file name in which the second letter is ‘A’.
Syntax : - C:\>DIR ?A*.*
TYPE
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can see the
file content. (Which file do you want to see just Input the file
name)
Syntax : - C:\>TYPE File name
REN(RENAME)
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to change the
file name.
Syntax : - C:\>REN Old file name New file name
D:\> REN C.txt D.txt
DEL
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to delete any
old file.
Syntax : - C:\>DEL FILE NAME
C:\>DEL c.txt
MD (MAKE DIRECTORY)
It is an Internal Command. By this command the user can create
any new directory or folder.
Syntax : - C:\>MD <new directory name>
C:\>MD college
CD (CHANGE DIRECTORY)
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to get enter
into any old directory
Syntax : - C:\>CD <DIR name>
C:\>CD college
CD..
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to get exit
from one directory
Syntax : - C:\>CD..
CD\
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to get exit from
all directories and come back to the main drive.
Syntax : - C:\>CD/
RD (REMOVE DIRECTORY)
It is an Internal Command. This command is used to delete any directory one by one but
if you want to delete any subdirectory then you have get enter in it.
Syntax : - C:\>RD <DIR name>
COPY CON
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can create a new file.
TYPE
It is an Internal Command. By this command we can see or check the
file content. (Which file do you want to see just Input the file name)
Syntax : - C:\>TYPE <File name>
REN (RENAME)
REN (Rename): – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to change the file name.
DEL (DELETE)
DEL (Delete): – It is an Internal Command. This command is used to delete any old
file.
