Addis Ababa Science and Technology

University

College of Mechanical and Electrical

Engineering

Introduction to Emerging
Technologies
Internet of Things

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 1

 Contents

Learning outcomes

What is IoT?

Important features of IoT

History of IoT

Advantages and disadvantages of IoT

Challenges of IoT

How IoT works?

Architecture of IoT

Device and networks

Tools and platforms of IoT

Applications of IoT in homes, cities and farming

Review Questions

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 2

 Learning Outcomes
After successful completion of this chapter, the students be able to:
 Explain IoT
 Elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of IoT
 Explain how IoT works?
 Explain the architecture of IoT
 Describe IoT tools and platforms
 Describe IoT application in different sector

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 3

 Brainstorming

What do you think about IoT?

Can you give an example?

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 4

 What is IoT?
Several definitions used by different groups:
 Internet Architecture Board’s (IAB): IoT is the networking of smart objects,
meaning a huge number of devices intelligently communicating in the presence of
internet protocol that cannot be directly operated by human beings but exist as
components in buildings, vehicles or the environment.
 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) organization’s: IoT is the networking of
smart objects in which smart objects have some constraints such as limited
bandwidth, power, and processing accessibility for achieving interoperability among
smart objects.

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 5

 …What is IoT?
Several definitions used by different groups:
 Oxfdictionary’s: IoT is the interaction of everyday object’s computing devices
through the Internet that enables the sending and receiving of useful data.
 IEEE Communications category magazine: IoT is a framework of all things that
have a representation in the presence of the internet in such a way that new
applications and services enable the interaction in the physical and virtual world in
the form of Machine-to Machine (M2M) communication in the cloud.

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 6

 …What is IoT?
IoT according to 2020 conceptual framework is expressed through a simple
formula such as:
IoT = Services + Data + Networks + Sensors

Generally, The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or

"things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 7

 Most important features of IoT
AI makes virtually anything
“smart”,
Connectivity  creates these small
networks between its system devices.
Sensors  transform IoT from a
standard passive network of devices
into an active system capable of real-
world integration.
Active engagement introduces a
new paradigm for active content,
product, or service engagement. Source: internet

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 8

 History of IoT?
Telegraph (the first landline) - 1830s
“wireless telegraphy,” the first radio voice transmission - June 3, 1900
Computers development - 1950s.
The Internet, by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) in 1962
and evolved into ARPANET in 1969 – commercialized in 1980s.
Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) - 1993, by the Department of Defense
The first examples of an Internet of Things is in the early 1980s and was a Coca
Cola machine, located at the Carnegie Melon University .
Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto-ID Labs at MIT, was the first to
describe the Internet of Things, during his 1999 speech.
2013, the Internet of Things had evolved into a system using multiple technologies
12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 9
 Advantages and disadvantages of IoT
Advantages:
Improved Customer Engagement
Technology Optimization
Reduced Waste
Enhanced Data Collection

Source: internet

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 10

 Advantages and disadvantages of IoT
Disadvantages
Potential that a hacker could steal confidential information
A bug in the system, potentially corrupt every connected device
Difficulty for devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other.

Source: internet
12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 11
 Challenges of IoT?
Security  users can be exposed to various attackers or hackers
Privacy  make substantial personal data in extreme detail without the user's
active participation
Complexity  complication in terms of design, deployment, and maintenance
given their use of multiple technologies
Flexibility  difficulty to integrate easily with another system.
Compliance  challenging issue of compliance

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 12

 How does IoT works?
An IoT ecosystem consist:
A. Web-enabled smart devices that use embedded processors and connected to
sensors, actuators and internet,
B. Sensors to collect data from the environment and send it back to the end
smart deice for analyzation
C. Communication protocols used by the smart device to send data to the cloud
to be analyze and provide remote access
The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people
can interact with the devices.

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 13

 Architecture of IoT
An IoT device consists:
Hardware,
Software,
Network connectivity, and
Sensors.
Hence, the architecture of IoT comprises:
Sensing layer,
Network layer,
Data processing layer, and
Application layers

12/03/2022
Source: Introduction to merging technologies module page
By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 14
69
 Devices and Networks
IoT devices can be categorized into three main groups: consumer, enterprise and
industrial.
Consumer connected devices include smart TVs, smart speakers, toys, wearables, and
smart appliances, smart meters, commercial security systems…
Enterprise and Industrial devices include smart city technologies such as those used to
monitor traffic and weather conditions, smart sensors in conference room, smart air
conditioning, smart thermostats, smart lighting, smart security…

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 15

 …Devices and Networks
IoT network devices are massively deployed over range of areas like smart
cities, industries.. And in hard-to-reach areas like hazardous zones;
IoT network challenges
scalability,
interoperability,
energy efficiency,
topology control,
Quality of Service (QoS),
fault tolerance, and
security.
Therefore, efficient and autonomic management of IoT networks is needed.
12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 16
 …Devices and Networks …
Management for Device and Network in the Internet of Things
(M4DNIoT ):integrates and controls the individual functionalities of the
devices in an IoT network as well as the status and characteristics of this
network.
IoT network management structure scopes:
local management, where the platform runs in the same environment as the devices,
remote management, where the platform controls the devices in different networks.
IoT minimum network requirements
Expandable
Provide standard web service (device discovery, data storage, and user authorities)

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 17

Examples of IoT Device and networks

Source: Introduction to merging technologies module page 73

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 18
 IoT tools and platforms
IoT Platform are based on the Internet of Things and cloud technology.
The following are some IoT platform vendors
KAA
SiteWhere
ThingSpeak
DeviceHive
Zetta

Discus some of the key features provided by the above vendors?

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 19

 Applications of IoT
Agriculture
Consumer Use
Healthcare
Insurance
Manufacturing
Retail
Transportation
Utilities

Source: Introduction to merging technologies module page 65

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 20

 IoT Based Smart Home
It includes:
Remote Control Appliances
Weather
Smart Home Appliances
Safety Monitoring
Intrusion Detection Systems
Energy and Water Use

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 21

 IoT Based Smart City
It includes:
Structural Health
Lightning
Safety
Transportation
Smart Parking
Waste Management

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 22

 IoT Based Smart Farming
It includes:
Green Houses
Compost
Animal Farming/Tracking
Offspring Care
Field Monitoring

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 23

 Review Questions
Briefly explain IoT
Briefly explain the architecture of IoT and how IoT works?
Write down application of IoT in smart city, home and farming?
Write down some IoT devices?
What are the challenges of IoT?
List down some IoT tools and platforms?

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 24

 END!!

12/03/2022 By Yonas Tesfaye, AASTU 25