Mobile phones:

How do they work?

By Sarah, Tamara, Amar, Mia, Rima
 What we are gonna talk about?

1. How phones are manufactured?

2. How do we control the actions using our touch?
3. How do phones power on?
4. How do we charge the phone?
5. The electrostatic force found in our phones
6. The speed and acceleration of the phones signal transmission

7. Why does the phone has 3 pins?

8. summary
WHOA!
Lets dive into the phones secrets!
 INTRODUCTI
ON:
Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, such as keeping
in touch with family members, for conducting business, and in
order to have access to a telephone in the event of an emergency.
But have you ever wondered how do they work?
 01
How phones are
manufactured?
 How phones are manufactured?
Design: The process of manufacturing a phone starts with the design phase. This involves creating a blueprint for the
phone's components, layout, and overall appearance.

Sourcing materials: Once the design is finalized, manufacturers will source the necessary materials such as metals,
plastics, glass, and electronic components from various suppliers.

Manufacturing components: The individual components of the phone, such as the circuit board, screen, camera, battery,
and casing, are manufactured separately in specialized factories. These components are then assembled together to
form the final product.

Assembly: The components are assembled together by automated machines or skilled workers in a factory. This
process includes attaching the circuit board to the casing, installing the screen, camera, battery, and other components,
as well as testing the phone to ensure it functions properly.

Quality control: After assembly, the phones undergo thorough quality control checks to identify and correct any defects
or malfunctions. This includes testing the phone's performance, durability, and overall functionality.

Packaging and distribution: Once the phones pass quality control, they are packaged in boxes along with accessories
such as chargers and manuals. The phones are then distributed to retailers or directly to consumers through online
sales.

Overall, phone manufacturing involves a complex and highly automated process that requires precision, attention to
detail, and stringent quality control measures to produce a high-quality product
Short video about the Dissection of a phone:
02
How do we control the
actions of our touch
How do we control the actions of
our touch?
We control our phone with touch by using the touch screen. The
touch screen on a smartphone is made up of a grid of tiny sensors
that detect the touch of a finger or stylus. When we touch the
screen, the sensors send a signal to the phone's processor, which
then interprets the touch and performs the desired action on the
screen. This allows us to navigate through menus, swipe, tap,
pinch and zoom, and perform other gestures to interact with our
phone's interface.
03
How do phones power on?
How do phones power on?

The sound waves are carried to a thin metal disk inside the
phone, called a diaphragm, and are converted into
electrical energy. The electrical
50%energy travels over wires
to another phone and is converted from electrical energy
to sound waves again which can be heard by someone on
the other end of the phone
04
How do we charge
the phone?
 How do we charge the phone?
Phones have rechargeable batteries inside which need to be
charged with a DC voltage (slightly higher than the battery
voltage). Simple phone chargers provide this DC voltage. Most of
the chargers work as follows.

These accept AC voltage from the house hold AC power supply

which gets down converted to smaller AC voltage through a
transformer and is followed an AC-DC convertor (rectifier). After
that there is a filter circuit that cleans the voltage before giving out
on the charger pins. This voltage is used for charging the phone.
More advaned and well designed phone chargers have
semiconductor IC based regulators, convertors for clean and
efficient AC-DC conversion and have short circuit protection built-
in.
The electrostatic force found in our phones:

is used primarily for touch screen functionality and charging capabilities. Touch screens on phones
use capacitive touch technology, where the screen detects the slight electrical charge in your
fingertips when you touch it. This allows the screen to register your touch and respond accordingly.

Electrostatic force is also used in wireless charging technology, where power is transferred from a
charging pad to the phone through electromagnetic fields. This type of charging is convenient and
eliminates the need for cables and plugs.

Overall, the electrostatic force in our phones plays a crucial role in enhancing user experience and
making our devices more efficient and convenient to use.
05
How does the touch screen of
the phone work:
Short video about how a touch screen works:
 06
The speed and acceleration of the
phones signal transmission
The speed and acceleration of the
phones signal transmission:
The speed and acceleration of a phone's transmission signal can vary
depending on various factors such as the signal strength, distance to the
nearest cell tower, network congestion, and the technology used (e.g. 4G, 5G).
Generally, the speed of a transmission signal is measured in Mbps (megabits
per second) or even Gbps (gigabits per second) for faster connections. The
acceleration of a transmission signal refers to how quickly data can be sent
and received between devices.

In general, faster speeds and quicker acceleration are desirable for a seamless
user experience, especially when streaming videos, playing online games, or
downloading large files. However, the actual speed and acceleration of a
phone's transmission signal can fluctuate depending on the network conditions
and the capabilities of the phone and network infrastructure.
07
Why does the phones battery
have 3 pins?
Why does the phones battery
have 3 pins?
08
summary
 summary:
Mobile phones power on when you press the power button. This action sends a signal to the phone's hardware, which then
boots up the operating system stored in its memory, allowing you to use the device.
Mobile phones typically use lithium-ion batteries for power. When you connect your phone to a charger, electricity flows
into the battery, causing a chemical reaction that stores energy. Once charged, the battery powers the phone until it needs to
be recharged again.
Smartphones use touchscreens to detect and respond to your finger movements. Beneath the screen, there's a grid of sensors
that detect changes in electrical current when you touch the screen. These signals are processed by the phone's software to
determine your actions, such as tapping, swiping, or pinching.Smartphone manufacturing involves multiple steps, including
designing the phone's components, sourcing materials, assembling the hardware, and installing software. The process
typically includes creating the phone's body, adding components like the processor, camera, and screen, and then testing the
device for quality control before it's packaged and shipped to consumers.
Simple exersise to test your
knowledge:

Consider a smartphone having a battery G (3.7V,0.3 ohm) and a

speaker connected in series such that the current drawn from the
battery is I=2A.

1) Calculate the voltage across the battery.

2) Deduce the voltage across the speaker.
3) 3.1-calculate the value of the internal resistance of the speaker.
3.2-write the expression of the voltage across the speaker.
Thank
you!!