University of Computer

Studies

Chapter(3)
Program Control Statements

1
 Contents

 Looping Statements
 for
 Decision Statements  foreach
 if statement
 while
 if…..else statement  do….while
 if….else if…..else statement
 nested if statement  Jump Statements
 break
 switch statement
 continue
 Ternary operator ( ?: )
 goto
 return

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 Decision Statements

to determine one or more conditions evaluated

by the program at run-time

a statement or statements to be executed if the

condition is determined to be true

other statements to be executed if the condition

is determined to be false

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 if Statement
 if the condition becomes true, then the block of statements enclosed within curly braces will get
executed

Syntax
if(condition)
{
// code for execution
}

Example
Console.WriteLine("Enter your mark");
int mark = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

if (mark >= 50)

{ Console.WriteLine("Pass"); }

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 if…..else Statement
 if the condition becomes true, then the block of statements enclosed within curly braces will get
executed
 otherwise, the block of code associated with the else will get executed

Syntax

if(condition)
{
// if condition is true
}
else
{
// if the condition becomes false
}

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 if…..else Statement

Example
Console.WriteLine("Enter your mark");
int mark = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

if (mark >= 50)

{ Console.WriteLine("Pass "); }
else
{ Console.WriteLine("Fail"); }

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 if…..else if…..else Statement
 Execute a single block based on one condition from multiple conditional statements
 The conditions are checked one by one in the if statements from the top and will execute that block whose condition
is
evaluated to true

Syntax
if(first-condition)
{
} // when first condition becomes true
else if(second-condition)
{
// when second condition becomes true
}
else if(third-condition)
{
// when third condition becomes true
}
else
{ // when all the conditions }
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are false
 if…..else if…..else Statement
Example
Console.WriteLine("Enter your mark");
int mark = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

if (mark >= 50 && mark<65)

Console.WriteLine("Pass");

else if (mark >= 65 && mark < 80)

Console.WriteLine("Pass with Credit");

else if (mark >= 80 && mark<=100)

Console.WriteLine("Pass with Distinction");

else if(mark<50 && mark>=0)

Console.WriteLine("Fail");

else
Console.WriteLine("Invalid Mark");
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 Nested if Statement

 if statement will be nested or inside another if or else statement.

 multiple conditions have to be evaluated as true only then the nested block associated with multiple
"if conditions" will be executed.

Syntax

if (first-condition)
{
// when first condition becomes true
if (second-condition)
{
if second condition becomes true, code to be executed
}
}

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 switch Statement
 It acts as an alternative to the "if-else-if" statement This keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case
 Each value is called a case. match.
 The value of the expression is compared with the The switch expression is of integer type such as int, char,
values of each case. byte, or short, or of an enumeration type, or of string type.
 If there is a match, the associated block of code is  Duplicate case values are not allowed
executed.  The data type of the variable in the switch and value of a
 The switch expression is evaluated once. case must be of the same type
 Each case is exited by a break statement that helps the  The value of a case must be a constant or a literal.
program flow move out of the switch case blocks.  Variables are not allowed

 A switch statement can have an optional default case,

which must appear at the end of the switch.

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 switch Statement

Syntax

switch(expression)
{
case value1: statement1; break;

case value2: statement2; break;

case value3: statement3; break;

.
.
.
default: statmentDefault; break;

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 switch Statement
Example
Console.WriteLine("Enter your grade");
char grade =char.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

switch (grade)
{ case 'A': Console.WriteLine("Excellent"); break;

case 'B':

case 'C': Console.WriteLine("Well Done"); break;

case 'D': Console.WriteLine("Pass"); break;

case 'F': Console.WriteLine("Fail"); break;

default: Console.WriteLine("Invalid Grade");

} break; 12
 Switch Exercises

Write a program to test whether a user input letter is a vowel or not a vowel?
 Ternary operator ( ?: )

 a decision-making operator ?:
 Also called conditional operator or ternary operator
 short form of the if else conditions

Syntax

(condition)? statement1 : statement2

Example

string result = ( mark >= 50 )? “Pass” : “Fail”;

Console.WriteLine( result);

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 Looping Statements

to execute a statement or a group of statements

multiple times

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 for Loop

 For loop is used when we clearly know the number of iteration required by the loop
 to define the exact number of iterations to be performed
 contains initialization and iteration expressions along with the Boolean expression to provide a condition for the
loop

Syntax

for ( initialization; condition; increment/decrement )

{
//code block for execution
}

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 for Loop

Example

for( int i=1 , j=10 ; i<=10 && j>=1; i++ , j-- )

{

int sum = i + j;

Console.WriteLine(sum);

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 foreach Loop

 It is used when a program needs to iterate through the contents of a list.

 It can be used for collections like array lists or arrays.
 It is read-only, hence it doesn’t allow you to modify the iteration variable during execution.

Syntax

foreach( variable in data collection)

{
statements
}

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 foreach Loop

Example

string[ ] student = { "Su Su", "Yu Yu", "Aung Aung" };

foreach( string st in student

)
{
Console.WriteLine( st );

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 while Loop

The while loop loops through a block of code as long as

a specified condition is True

Syntax

while ( condition)
{
statement

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 while Loop

Example

Console.WriteLine("Enter number");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

while (num >= 0)

{
Console.WriteLine("Number = " + num);

Console.WriteLine("Enter number");
num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

}
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 do while Loop

 It works similar to a while loop.

 The Boolean expression is evaluated at the end of the loop instead of
the beginning.

Syntax

do
{
statement

}while ( condition);

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 do while Loop
Example
Console.WriteLine("Enter number");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

do
{
Console.WriteLine("Number = " + num);

Console.WriteLine("Enter number");
num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

} while (num >= 0);

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 Jump Statements

 used to transfer control from one point to another

point in the program due to some specified code
while executing the program

five keywords in the Jump Statements:

1. break
2. continue
3. goto
4. return
5. throw

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 break Statement

 used to break loop or switch statement

 immediately stops the innermost loop containing the statement and
passes control to the end of the loop

Syntax

break;

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 break Statement
Example

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)

{
Console.WriteLine("Enter even number");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

if (num % 2 != 0)
{ break; }

Console.WriteLine("Even Number = " + num);

}
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 continue Statement

 It used to skip over the execution part of the loop on a

certain condition.
 After that, it transfers the control to the beginning of the
loop.
 It skips its following statements and continues with the next
iteration of the loop.

Syntax
continue;

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 continue Statement
Example
f
o
r

(
i
n
t
if (num % 2 != 0)
i { continue; }

=
Console.WriteLine("Even Number = " + num);
1
}
;

i
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 goto Statement

 known jump statement

 used to transfer control to the labeled statement in the program
 unconditionally jumps to the specified label
 used to transfer control from deeply nested loop or switch case
label

Syntax
goto label;

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 goto Statement
Example
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter even number");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

if (num % 2 != 0)
{ goto output; }
Console.WriteLine("Even Number = " + num);

}
output: Console.WriteLine("Input is Odd number");

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 return Statement

 It is useful to terminate the execution of the method in which it

appears
 It returns the control back to the calling method
 Methods return only one value
 If the type of method is void, then the return statement can be excluded

Example

public static int Sum( )

{
int result = 20 + 30;
return result;
}

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