108443 – Introduction to
Information Technology
Week-5(Operators & Conditionals)
12/28/2024
Python Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
E.g., Consider the expression 4 + 5. Here, 4 and 5 are called
operands and + is called the operator.
Python divides the operators in the following groups
Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Logical operators
Identity operators
Membership operators
Bitwise operators
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Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to
perform common mathematical operations
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Arithmetic Operators
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Example
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Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
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Assignment Operators..
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Comparison Operators
Comparison operators are used to compare two values. It
returns either True or False according to the condition
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Comparison Operators..
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Example
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Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional
statements. It returns either True or False according to the
condition
Marks Grade
80 or above A
Between 60 and 80 B
Between 40 and 60 C
Less than 40 F
if marks of student > 80 (then give him/her A grade)
if marks of student > 60 and if marks of student < 80 (then give him/her B grade)
What will be problem if we right this second condition as if marks of student > 60
if marks of student > 40 and if marks of student < 60 (then give him/her C grade)
if marks of student < 40 (then give him/her F grade)
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Logical Operators..
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Example
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Bitwise operators
In Python, bitwise operators are performed on bit by bit,
hence the name bitwise operators. Then the result is
returned in decimal format.
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Bitwise operators..
Let's first understand representation of number in bits.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
60 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
60&13 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
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Bitwise operators..
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Decision Making Statements
Decision making is required when we want to execute a code
only if a certain condition is satisfied.
The if, elif, else statement is used in Python for decision
making.
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Operation of if Statement
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If Statement Syntax
Here, the program evaluates the test expression and
will execute statement(s) only if the test expression is
True.
If the test expression is False, the statement(s) is not
executed.
In Python, the body of the if statement is indicated by
the indentation. The body starts with an indentation
and the first un-indented line marks the end.
Python interprets non-zero values as True. None and
0 are interpreted as False.
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Scenario 1: Check whether number is POSITIVE or not
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Scenario 2: Which lines will be shown on Console
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Scenario 3: Which lines will be shown on Console
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Scenario: Shopping Mall
Amount Discount
Less than 1000 No discount
greater than equal to 1000 25%
greater than equal to 5000 50%
Write a Program for following
1. Suppose amount = 100
2. Only print the % discount to be given
3. Now check you code for amount = 500, 1100, 2500, 5500
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Scenario: Shopping Mall..
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Scenario: Shopping Mall..
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Scenario: Shopping Mall..
Let's Solve this Issue…
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Scenario: Shopping Mall..
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Scenario: Shopping Mall..
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Operation of if else statement
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Check if the number is positive or negative
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Given 2 numbers Check which number is greater
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if elif else
The elif allows us to check for multiple
expressions.
If the condition for if is False, it checks the
condition of the next elif block and so on.
If all the conditions are False, the body of else
is executed.
Only one block among the several if...elif...else
blocks is executed according to the condition.
The if block can have only one else block. But
it can have multiple elif blocks.
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Scenario: Shopping Mall..
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Exercise: Conditional Statements and Operators
Write a Python program to determine if a person qualifies for
a club membership discount. The criteria are:
• The person must be under 21 years old or over 60 years old.
• Alternatively, if the person is a student, they also qualify for a
discount
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