Operating Systems.
What is an operating system?
The operating system, or OS for short, is
one of the most important components
of every computer. This is a set of
programs that manage all the
capabilities of the computer and
organize the interaction of the computer
with the user.
First operating system
The first OS was
developed for a
specific model of
the IBM 704
computer and The first OS was created in the
created on the mid-60s of the twentieth
system monitor century, specifically in 1955 and
from the IBM 701. launched in 1956. Robert
Patrick, who worked for General
Motors, and North American
Aviation's California division
software engineer, Owen R.
Mock.
It was called GM-NAA I/O.
Modern operating systems.
Nowadays, there are a large
number of different operating
systems, but the most popular
of them are Mac OS, Windows
and the Linux family of
operating systems. The
Windows operating system is
currently used by about 76% of
all PC users. In second place is
Mac OS, which is used by about
19% of people, almost 2% use
Linux, the remaining 3% use
other various operating
systems.
Windows operating system.
Windows is the current
commercial operating system from
Microsoft Corporation. The very
first version of this OS was
released on November 20, 1985, it
was called Windows 1.0. Initially,
Windows was not a separate
Windows 1.0 operating system, these were
graphical shells for MS DOS,
released before 1995, these were
versions of Windows 1,2,3 and
3.11.
Windows 7
In the 90s, full-fledged Windows operating
systems entered the market. The graphical
interfaces of these operating systems were
already more like what we used to see them.
Windows 2000/2003
Windows 95
The latest version of Windows was
released on October 5, 2021 as
Windows 11.
Windows 11
Mac OS operating system.
Mac OS is a commercial operating
system from Apple, derived from the
UNIX family of operating systems.
Initially called Mac OS X, it was
renamed 2 times and in total it was
called Mac OS. The first version of
this system was released in 2000
under the name Mac OS X 10.0
Cheetah.
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion which was
released in 2011, this OS was a
breakthrough for Apple, as it
managed to sell about 1
million copies on the first day
of sales.
Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
The latest version of this system was
released on October 25, 2021 under the
name macOS Monterey 12.0.1.
macOS Monterey 12.0.1
The most popular version of the macOS
operating system at the moment is
Catalina which was released in 2019.
macOS Catalina
Linux.
Official logo:
Linux is a family of operating systems based on the
Linux kernel which is the basis of all Linux operating
systems. The kernel code was written in C, C++ and
Assembly language. The first launch of the kernel took
place on August 25, 1991.
Penguin Tux
The first distribution was
released in 1992, the
developer of which wanted to
speed up the kernel
installation procedure.
MCC Interim Linux
DEBIAN 10.1 BUSTER
Fedora
UBUNTU 20.04 LTS
There are a large number of distributions, of which
five are considered the main ones, these are Debian,
OpenSUSE 15.1 KDE
Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE, each designed for a
specific task
Mobile operating systems.
Mobile OS is an operating system designed for smartphones, PDAs, tablets, laptops in
some cases and other mobile devices. The most popular systems are Android and
IOS.
The first mobile operating system.
The very first full-fledged mobile operating system is
the EPOC16 operating system, which was developed
by David Potter in 1988. The system was written in C
specifically for the Intel 8086 and was used on Psion
3, Psion MC200 and older PDAs and laptops.
Psion 3
EPOC16
Psion MC200
systems.
Microsoft Windows CE
Newton OS Palm OS
A significant breakthrough in the development of mobile
operating systems was the release of iPhoneOS (later
renamed IOS) in 2007, which was released by Apple.
iPhone OS 1
A year later, the
Android operating
system appears, it was
developed on the Linux
kernel. Android 1.5 “Cupcake”
IOS operating system.
IOS is Apple's mobile operating system for
its own devices. It was first introduced in
2007 on January 9 along with the iPhone 2G.
IOS 15
Skeuomorphism is a design
trend based on the realistic
depiction of objects.
iPhone OS 1 IOS 7
Android operating system.
Android is a system for various kinds
of devices, from smartphones to e-
readers and household robots, owned
by Google. Android was built on the
Linux kernel.
Android 1.5 “Cupcake” Android 4
Most of its code is written in C, there are also
elements of C ++ code, and almost everything
that the user sees on the screen of his
smartphone is written in Java.
Android 12
Conclusion.
Nowadays, operating systems are developing at a rapid pace, with each new
version, more and more features appear. Also, the development of the OS
contributes to the development of computers, and vice versa, which allows the
technological progress
to move much faster.
Every year, operating
systems will be
improved and created,
both mobile and
computer, and
perhaps in the near
future we will see
many more interesting
and unusual operating
systems.
