History of the Internet

How did the Internet originate?

ARPANET
Networking project by
Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects
Goal: Agency (ARPA) Goal:
To allow scientists To function if
at different part of network
locations to share were disabled
information
Became
functional
September 1969
History of the Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 350 million host nodes

1984
More than 1,000 host nodes

1969
Four host nodes

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History of the Internet
Who controls the Internet?
 No one — it is a public, cooperative, and
c c

independent network
 Several organizations set standards

World Wide Web Internet2 (I2)

Consortium (W3C)  Internet-related research
 Oversees research, sets and development project
standards and guidelines  Develops and tests advanced
 Tim Berners-Lee, director Internet technologies

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 How the Internet Works
How can you connect to the Internet?

Slow-speed
Slow-speed High-speed
High-speed
technology
technology connection
connection
Dial-up
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access Digital
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computer
your cabletelephone
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computer usesaa
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andsatellite
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totoconnect to the Internet
connect to the Internet

Connection
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Connectionisisalways
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How the Internet Works
What are ways to access the Internet?
1. ISP, Regional
or National
2. OSP (AOL and
MSN, for example)
3. Wireless Internet
Service Provider

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How the Internet Works
What is a domain name?
 Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
 Number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device
connected to Internet

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 The World Wide Web
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A worldwide collection of electronic documents

Also called the Web

Each electronic document is called a Web page

Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections

A Web site is a collection of related Web pages

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The World Wide Web
What is a Web browser?
 Program that allows you to view Web pages

Microsoft
Netscape
Internet Mozilla
Explorer

Firefox Opera Safari

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The World Wide Web
How does a Web browser display a home page?

Step 2.
Web browser
looks up the home
page setting

Step 3.
The Web browser
communicates with the
Step 1.
ISP’s server to retrieve
Click the Web browser
the IP address. The IP
program name
address is sent to your
Step 4. computer.
The home page
displays in the Web
browser
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The World Wide Web
What is a home page?
 The first page that a Web site presents
 Often provides connections to other Web pages

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The World Wide Web
What is downloading?
 The process of a computer receiving information
 Depending upon connection speed, downloading can
take from a few seconds to several minutes

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The World Wide Web
What is a URL?
Unique address for a
Web page
A web server delivers the
Web page to your
computer

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The World Wide Web
What is a link?
 Built-in connection to another related
Web page location
 Item found elsewhere
on same Web page
 Different Web page
at same Web site
 Web page at a different
Web site

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The World Wide Web
How can you recognize links?
 Pointer changes to a small hand
when you point to
a link
 A link can be text
or an image
 Text links are
usually underlined
and in a different
color

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The World Wide Web
What is a subject directory?
 Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
 Lets you find information by clicking links rather than
entering keywords

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The World Wide Web
What is a search engine?
 Program used to find
Web sites and Web
pages by entering
words or phrases
called search text
 Also called a keyword

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The World Wide Web
What is a hit?
 Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Step 2.
Select type of
search you want
to run

Step 1. Go to search engine

Step 3. View hits

Step 4.
Click
link to view
Web site
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The World Wide Web
What are the eleven basic types of Web sites?
 Portal
 News
 Informational
 Business/Marketing
 Educational
 Entertainment
 Advocacy
 Blog
 Wiki
 Content Aggregator
 Personal

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The World Wide Web
What is a portal?
 A Web site that offers a variety of services from one,
convenient location, usually for free
 Searching, sports, e-mail,

news, weather, auctions,

Web communities
(Web sites that join
people with similar
interests)

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The World Wide Web
What is a news Web site?
 Contains newsworthy material
 Stories and articles relating to current events, life,
money, sports, and the weather

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The World Wide Web
What is an informational Web site?
 Contains factual information
 Created by organizations and government agencies

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The World Wide Web
What is a business/marketing Web site?
 Contains content that promotes products or services
 Allows you to purchase products or services online

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The World Wide Web
What is an educational Web site?
 Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching
and learning
 Some companies
offer online training
for employees
 Some colleges offer
online classes and
degrees

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The World Wide Web
What is an entertainment Web site?
 Offers an interactive and engaging environment
featuring music, video, sports, games, and more

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The World Wide Web
What is an advocacy Web site?
 Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,
or idea

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The World Wide Web
What is a blog?
 Uses a regularly updated journal format to reflect the
interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and
sometimes site visitors

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The World Wide Web
What is a wiki?
 Collaborative Web site that allows users to add to,
modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web
browser

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The World Wide Web
What is a content aggregator?
 Business that gathers and organizes Web content and
then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for
free or a fee

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The World Wide Web
What is a personal Web site?
 Web page maintained by private individual
 Reasons: sharing life experience with the world
or job hunting

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The World Wide Web
What are the guidelines for evaluating the value of a
Web site?

Affiliation Audience Authority Content

Currency Design Objectivity

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The World Wide Web
What is multimedia?
 Application integrating text with other media elements
 Graphics
 Animation
 Audio
 Video
 Virtual reality
 Plug-Ins

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The World Wide Web
What graphics formats are used on the Web?

BMP JPEG
JPEG PNG
PNG
BMP (pronounced
(pronouncedJAY-peg)
JAY-peg) (pronounced
(pronouncedping)
ping)

GIF
GIF TIFF
(pronounced TIFF
(pronouncedJIFF)
JIFF)

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The World Wide Web
What is a thumbnail?
 Small version of a larger
graphic —used to
c

improve Web page display

time
 Usually click
on thumbnail to
display larger
graphic

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The World Wide Web
What is animation?
 Appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images
in sequence

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The World Wide Web

What is audio?
 Music, speech, or any other sound
 Individual compressed sound files
that you download from the Web to
your computer
 Common Web audio file formats are
AA, AAC, AIFF, ASF, MP3, WAV,
WMA, RA, and QT
 Once downloaded, you can play
(listen to) the contents of the files

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The World Wide Web
What is streaming audio?

The process of Enables you to

transferring audio listen to music
in a continuous as it downloads
and even flow to your computer

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The World Wide Web
What is video?
 Consists of full-motion images that are
played back at various speeds
 MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)
is popular video compression
standard

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The World Wide Web
What is virtual reality (VR)?
 Use of computers to simulate real or imagined
environment
 Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space
 Used for games and many
practical applications

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The World Wide Web
What are plug-ins?
 Programs that
extend the
capability of
a browser
 You can
download many
plug-ins at no
cost from various
Web sites

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Web Publishing
What is Web publishing?
 Development and maintenance of Web pages

Step 2.
Step 1. Analyze and
Plan the design the
Web site Web site

Step 3.
Create the
Web site

Step 5.
Maintain Step 4.
the Web site Deploy the
Web site

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E-Commerce
What is E-commerce?
 Short for electronic commerce
 Business transaction that occurs over
the Internet

Business to consumer (B2C)

Sale of goods to general public

Consumer to consumer (C2C)

One consumer sells directly to another

Business to business (B2B)

Business providing goods and
services to other businesses

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Other Internet Services
What is an e-mail address?
 Unique name that consists of a user name and domain
name that identifies the user

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Other Internet Services
What is FTP?
 File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows
you to upload and download files with other computers
on the Internet

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Other Internet Services
What are newsgroups and message boards?
 Newsgroup
 Online area where users discuss a particular subject
 Message board
 Type of discussion group
 Many Web sites use
message boards
because they are
easier to use

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Other Internet Services
What is a chat?
 Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
 Chat room is location on
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest

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Netiquette
What is netiquette?
 Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while
on the Internet

Golden Rule: Treat others as

you would like them to treat you.

Nt