XII SCIENCE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PAPER – II
Ms. Jyoti Krishna G.
Microcontroller
What is Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor
system
consisting of microprocessor ,limited amount
of ROM , RAM
and I/O port built on a single integrated
circuit.
It is used to perform control functions.
Microcontroller
Features of 8051
8 bit ALU
4k byte ROM
128 byte RAM
Dual 16bit timer event
counter
32 I/O lines for four 8bit
I/O ports
Can address 64kb of program
memory.
Can address 64kb of data
memory.
Two external interrupts.
Microcontroller
MEMORY MAPPING FOR 8051
The 8051 address has
two
separate memory
spaces :
Program memory
space.
Data memory
space.
Microcontroller
The program memory
space is
Readonly memory
(ROM)
space.
This memory space is
used for
storing programs and
variable
data.
It is possible to read
program
instruction from the
The data memory space
is
Read/Write memory
space.
The data processor can
read
data from this
memory space
and write data to this
memory
It cannot execute
instruction
from this memory
Microcontroller
The 8051 has 22 special
function registers
which are
not part of 128 bytes
of RAM.
They occupy memory
space
from 80H to F8H.
The 4k byte program
memory
can be expanded by
an
Microcontroller
List of all Microcontrollers of 8051 family
8048
8049
8050
8052
8031 & 8032
8052 AH- BASIC
Microcontroller
Features of 8051 Family
Intel’s first microcontroller was 8048 . The
8048 , 8049 , 8050
all have identical architectures with the
exception of memory
size.
8048 support 1k bytes of internal memory.
8049 support 2k bytes of internal memory.
8050 support 4k bytes of internal memory.
Microcontroller
8048 has 64 bytes internal RAM including 32
bytes of
register/memory location.
8049 has 128 bytes internal RAM.
8050 has 256 bytes internal RAM.
These microcontrollers are low cost products.
Microcontroller
Features of 8052
8052 has 8k bytes of on board ROM and 256
bytes of
onboard RAM.
8052 allows programmer to write large
programs.
The 8052 also has one extra 16 bit counter
timer.
Microcontroller
Features of 8052 AH-BASIC
Another form of 8052 is 8052 AH-BASIC .
This special 8052 has BASIC programming
language in ROM.
Using BASIC instructions a programmer can
write instructions
for this 8052 rather than assembly language.
Microcontroller
Features of 8031 and 8032
These devices do not have any onboard ROM. It
may use
external ROM for program memory.
These are excellent device for prototyping and
low volume
products.
Microcontroller
Comparison between microcontroller 8051 and 8052
Feature 8051 8052
ROM (on-chip program 4k 8k
space in
bytes)
RAM (bytes) 128 256
Timers 2 3
Microcontroller
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLER
They are used as machine tools , chemical
processors , medical
instrumentation and sophisticated guidance
control.
Many low cost products such as electronics
toys , microwave
oven , VCRs are based on microcontroller.
A home security system , a tape deck and
intelligent multimeter
Microcontroller
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCONTROLLER
They are used as independent controller in
machine or as
slaves in distributed processing.
Some applications require simple timing and
bit set/reset
functions ,other requires high speed data
processing capability.
Microcontroller Microprocessor
1. Microcontroller is a chip which is 1. A Microprocessor is a general purpose
called single chip computer. device which is called a CPU.
2. Microcontroller includes 2. Microprocessor do not contain on chip
RAM , I/O Port , ROM , Timer in I/O ports, Timer , Memories etc.
a single chip.
3. Microcontroller based system is 3. Microprocessor based system designer
simple and cost effective. is complex and expensive.
4. Microcontroller have no 4. Microprocessor have advantage of
advantages of designing versatility that designer can decide
RAM,ROM and I/O port. the amount of RAM,ROM and I/O
port as needed.
