GENERATION OF
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
GENERATION OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
Programming languages are the primary
tools for creating the software.
The concept of generations of the
programming languages are closely
connected to the advancements in
technology that brought in computer
generations.
FIRST GENERATION: MACHINE
LANGUAGE
It is the lowest level of programming
language
Machine language was used to program first
stored program
In 1950s each computer has its own native
language to represent instructions such as
addition and subtraction
Key take away is one computer cannot
understand machine language of other
computer.
FIRST GENERATION: MACHINE
LANGUAGE
The main advantage
is that the code can
run very fast and
efficiently.
Disadvantages::
It is difficult to learn
Difficult to edit if
error occurs
The machine code
written is not
portable to another
systems
SECOND GENERATION: ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE
The second generation of programming
language includes the assembly language.
Assembly language are the symbolic
programming language that uses symbolic
notation to represent the machine language
instructions
The symbolic codes are called as mnemonic
codes.
Examples are: ADD,CMP,MUL
SECOND GENERATION: ASSEMBLY
LANGUAGE
1.MOV AX,4 Programs written in
assembly language
Storing 4 value in AX needs a translator called
as assembler to convert
it into machine code.
2.MOV BX,6 The main advantage is
Storing the value 6 in the code is very efficient
BX in terms of execution
and memory usage.
The main disadvantage
3.ADD AX,BX is the code written in
Adding AX,BX and one machine cannot run
storing the result in in another machine.
AX
THIRD GENERATION: PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
A third generation programming languages
are the refinement of the 2 GL(Generation
Language)
Here the statements written in English
making them more convenient for use.
Examples FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal and the C-
family (C, C+, C++, C#, Objective-C) of
languages.
Again a translator is required to convert the
instructions written in high level language
into computer executable machine code
THIRD GENERATION: PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
#include <stdio.h> The third generation
int main() { languages made it
easier to write and
printf("Hello,World!");
debug the programs
// printf() displays the
string inside
quotation The programs
written in 3GL are
return 0;
portable between
} machines
FOURTH GENERATION:
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
A fourth generation (programming) language
(4GL) is a grouping of programming
languages that attempt to get closer than
3GLs to human language, form of thinking
and conceptualization.
The 4GL are non procedural by nature the
programmers define what they want
computer to do where as 3GL is procedural
by nature means the programmers specify
what computer has to do.
The best example of 4GL is SQL
FOURTH GENERATION:
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
SELECT * FROM Cust The main advantage
omers; is much simpler and
work with 4GL
Program execution
is easier and faster
Disadvantage is it
does not make use
of the resources of
the machine
FIFTH GENERATION: PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
It is centered on solving the problems based
on constraints not based on algorithms
The 5GL widely used in the artificial
intelligence research.
Typical examples are prolog,OPS5 and
Mercury
It also provides visual tools to help to
develop a program
FIFTH GENERATION: PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
The ability to facilitate
communication between
different cultures and
languages.
Additionally, fifth
generation languages
are more versatile and
adaptable, allowing for
multiple shifts in
language use and
communication over
time.
When the large program
is built in 5GL it causes
some issue
SUMMARY
