Algorithm and Programming (Procedure and Function)

Adam Mukharil Bachtiar
English Class
Informatics Engineering 2011
Algorithms and Programming
Procedure and Function

Steps of the Day
Let’s Start
Modular
Programming Procedure Function

Modular Programming
Definition and Types of Modular Programming

BackgroundofModular
Programming
Make a program to solve all problems in your
calculus book! WHAT WILL YOU DO?

ThinkinginModular
Programming
Breakdown a big problem into several small
problems. Small Problems can be
reconstructed to solve the big problem.

ThinkinginModular
Programming
MainProgram
Sub Program 1
Sub Program 2
Sub Program 3

WhatisModularProgramming
Programming technique that break main
program into several sub program.

BenefitsofModular
Programming
• Eliminate repetition of same syntax
in program or algorithm.
• Can find syntax error easily.
• Easy to make big program.

TypesofLoopingStructure
• Procedure
• Function

Procedure
Definition and Structures of Procedure

WhatisProcedure
Instruction block that was made specially to
do specific job.

ExampleofProcedure
(SleepProcedure) • Brush your teeth
• Go to bed
• Pray
• Cover your body with bedcover
• Count the sheep (if you are insomnia)
• Start to dream
• Wake up (if you are not death)
• Pray again

Format of Procedure (Algorithm Notation)
Procedure NamaProsedur (Parameter jika ada)
{I.S.: Keadaan awal sebelum prosedur dijalankan}
{F.S.: Keadaan akhir sesudah prosedur dijalankan}
Kamus:
{Variabel, konstanta, tipe buatan lokal}
Algoritma:
{Badan Prosedur, Berisi instruksi}
EndProcedure

Format of Procedure (Pascal Notation)
procedure NamaProsedur (Parameter jika ada);
{Variabel, konstanta, tipe buatan}
begin
end;

Example of Procedure (Algorithm)
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Procedure HitungLuasPersegi
{I.S: Diinputkan sisi oleh pengguna}
{F.S: Menampilkan hasil perhitungan luas persegi di layar}
Kamus:
sisi:integer
luas:integer
Algoritma:
input(sisi)
luas  sisi * sisi
output(‘Luas Persegi = ‘,luas)
EndProcedure

Example of Procedure (Pascal)
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procedure HitungLuasPersegi;
var
sisi:integer;
luas:integer;
begin
write(‘Masukan sisi : ‘);readln(sisi);
luas  sisi * sisi;
writeln(‘Luas Persegi = ‘,luas);
write(‘Tekan sembarang tombol untuk keluar...’);
readkey();
end;

CalltheProcedure
Procedure was useless until you call it in main
algorithm, main program, or the other modul.

Format of Calling Procedure (Algorithm)
NamaProsedur
Atau
NamaProsedur(parameter jika ada)

Format of Calling Procedure (Algorithm)
NamaProsedur;
Atau
NamaProsedur(parameter jika ada);

Example of Calling Procedure (Algorithm)
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Algoritma PanggilHitungLuasPersegi
{I.S: Diinputkan sebuah bilangan oleh pengguna}
{F.S: Memanggil prosedur sebanyak bilangan}
Kamus:
i,bil:integer {kamus global}
procedure HitungLuasPersegi {Cukup Headernya saja}
Algoritma:
input(bil)
for i  1 to bil do
HitungLuasPersegi {memanggil prosedur}
endfor

Example of Calling Procedure (Pascal)
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program PanggilHitungLuasPersegi;
uses crt;
var
bil:integer;
{Prosedur HitungLuasPersegi kamu diletakkan di sini}
begin
write(‘Masukan bilangan = ‘);readln(bil);
for i  1 to bil do
HitungLuasPersegi; {memanggil prosedur}
{Baris penutup jangan sampai lupa!!!}
end.

TypesofVariable
• Global Variable
• Local Variable

GlobalVariable
Varible that was known by entire program or
algorithm. This variable was declared in main
program or main algorithm.

LocalVariable
Varible that was known only by its owner. This
variable was declared inside procedure or
function.

Local Variable (Algorithm Notation)
Procedure NamaProsedur (Parameter jika ada)
Kamus:
{Identifier lokal diletakkan di sini}
Algoritma:
EndProcedure
FORMAL PARAMETER

Global Variable (Algorithm Notation)
Algoritma judul_algoritma
{I.S.: diisi keadaan yang terjadi di awal algoritma}
{F.S.: diisi keadaan yang terjadi di akhir algoritma}
Kamus/Deklarasi:
{Identifier global diletakkan di sini}
Algoritma/Deskripsi:
{diisi dengan input, proses, dan output}

Local and Global Variable (Pascal Notation)
program nama_program;
var
{identifier global di sini}
procedure nama_prosedur (parameter jika ada);
var
{identifier lokal di sini}
begin
end;
begin
end.

OrdinaryCommunicationBetween
ProcedureandMainAlgorithm

WhatisParameter
Variable that allow us to have more than just
ordinary communication to procedure or
function.

TypesofParameter
• Input Parameter
• Output Parameter
• Input/Output Parameter
: means parameter by value
: means parameter by reference

CommunicationUsingInput
Parameter

Input Parameter (Algorithm Notation)
Procedure NamaProsedur (Input NamaVariabel:TipeData)
Kamus:
Algoritma:
EndProcedure

Calling Input Parameter (Algorithm Notation)
Algoritma NamaProsedur
{I.S.: Keadaan awal sebelum algoritma dijalankan}
{F.S.: Keadaan akhir sesudah algoritma dijalankan}
Kamus:
Procedure NamaProsedur (Input NamaVariabel:TipeData)
Algoritma:
NamaProsedur(NamaVariabel) {pemanggilan prosedur}
EndProcedure
ACTUAL PARAMETER

Input Parameter (Pascal Notation)
var
procedure nama_prosedur (variabel:tipedata);
var
begin
end;
Begin
nama_prosedur(variabel);{pemanggilan prosedur}
end.

Example of Input Parameter (Algorithm)
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Procedure Persegi(Input sisi:integer)
{I.S: Menerima input berupa sisi}
{F.S: Menampilkan luas dan keliling persegi}
Kamus:
luas,keliling:integer
Algoritma:
keliling  4 * sisi
output(luas,keliling)
EndProcedure

Example of Calling Input Parameter (Algorithm)
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{F.S: Memanggil prosedur persegi}
Kamus:
sisi:integer
procedure Persegi(Input sisi:integer)
Algoritma:
input(sisi)
Persegi(sisi)

Example of Input Parameter (Pascal)
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program HitungPersegi;
uses crt;
var
sisi:integer;
procedure persegi(sisi:integer);
var
luas,keliling:integer;
begin
luas := sisi * sisi;
keliling := 4 * sisi;
writeln(‘Luas Persegi : ‘,luas); {bersambung}

Example of Input Parameter (Pascal)
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writeln(‘Keliling persegi : ‘,keliling);
end;
begin
write(‘Masukan sisi persegi= ‘);readln(sisi);
persegi(sisi);
writeln();
write(‘Tekan sembarang tombol untuk menutup...’);
readkey();
end.

CommunicationUsingOutput
Parameter

Output Parameter (Algorithm Notation)
Procedure NamaProsedur (Output NamaVariabel:TipeData)
Kamus:
Algoritma:
EndProcedure

Calling Output Parameter (Algorithm Notation)
Kamus:
Procedure NamaProsedur (Output NamaVariabel:TipeData)
Algoritma:
EndProcedure

Output Parameter (Pascal Notation)
var
procedure nama_prosedur (var variabel:tipedata);
var
begin
end;
Begin
end.

Example of Output Parameter (Algorithm)
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Procedure Persegi(Output luas,keliling:integer)
{I.S: Meminta input sisi dari pengguna}
{F.S: Mengirimkan nilai luas dan keliling persegi}
Kamus:
sisi:integer
Algoritma:
input(sisi)
EndProcedure

Example of Calling Output Parameter (Algorithm)
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{I.S: Memanggil prosedur persegi}
{F.S: Menampilkan nilai dari prosedur persegi}
Kamus:
luas,keliling:integer
Procedure Persegi(Output luas,keliling:integer)
Algoritma:
Persegi(luas,keliling)
output(luas,keliling)

Example of Output Parameter (Pascal)
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uses crt;
var
procedure persegi(var luas,keliling:integer);
var
sisi:integer;
begin
keliling := 4 * sisi; {bersambung}

Example of Output Parameter (Pascal)
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end;
begin
persegi(luas,keliling);
writeln(‘Luas Persegi : ‘,luas);
writeln();
readkey();
end.

CommunicationUsing
Input/OutputParameter

Input/Output Parameter (Algorithm Notation)
Procedure NamaProsedur (I/O NamaVariabel:TipeData)
Kamus:
Algoritma:
EndProcedure

Calling Input/Output Parameter (Algorithm Notation)
Kamus:
Procedure NamaProsedur (I/O NamaVariabel:TipeData)
Algoritma:
EndProcedure

Input/Ouput Parameter (Pascal Notation)
var
procedure nama_prosedur (var variabel:tipedata);
var
begin
end;
Begin
end.

Example of Input/Output Parameter (Algorithm)
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Procedure Persegi(I/O sisi:integer,Output luas,keliling:integer)
{I.S: Menerima input sisi}
{F.S: Mengirimkan nilai sisi, luas, dan keliling persegi}
Kamus:
Algoritma:
sisi  sisi + 1; {lihat apa yang terjadi}
EndProcedure

Example of Calling Output Parameter (Algorithm)
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{I.S: Memanggil prosedur persegi}
{F.S: Menampilkan nilai dari prosedur persegi}
Kamus:
sisi,luas,keliling:integer
Procedure Persegi(I/O sisi:integer,Output luas,keliling:integer)
Algoritma:
input(sisi)
Persegi(sisi,luas,keliling)
output(sisi,luas,keliling) {Berapa nilai sisinya?}

Example of Input/Output Parameter (Pascal)
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uses crt;
var
procedure persegi(sisi:integer;var luas,keliling:integer);
begin
keliling := 4 * sisi;
sisi := sisi + 1; {Lihat apa yang terjadi}
end;

Example of Input/Output Parameter (Pascal)
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begin
persegi(sisi,luas,keliling);
writeln(‘Luas Persegi : ‘,luas);
writeln(‘Sisi persegi : ‘,sisi);
writeln();
readkey();
end.

Function
Definition and Structures of Function

WhatisFunction
Instruction block that was made specially to
do specific job and return a value. Such as:
F(x)= 2x+4  it will return 6 for x=1.

DifferenceBetweenProcedure
andFunction
Procedure was not made to return a value (only
do specific job) but function was made to return
a value (More specific than procedure).

Format of Function (Algorithm Notation)
FUnction NamaFungsi (Parameter jika ada)  tipefungsi
{I.S.: Keadaan awal sebelum fungsi dijalankan}
{F.S.: Keadaan akhir sesudah fungsi dijalankan}
Kamus:
{Variabel, konstanta, tipe buatan lokal}
Algoritma:
{Badan fungsi, Berisi instruksi}
return VALUE {tipenya sama dengan tipe fungsi}
EndFunction

Format of Procedure (Pascal Notation)
function NamaFungsi (Parameter jika ada):tipefungsi;
{Variabel, konstanta, tipe buatan}
begin
{Badan Fungsi, Berisi instruksi}
NamaFungsi := VALUE; (tipenya sama dengan tipe fungsi}
end;

Example of Function (Algorithm)
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Function LuasPersegi(Input sisi:integer)  integer
{I.S: Menerima input berupa sisi}
{F.S: Menampilkan luas dan keliling persegi}
Kamus:
Algoritma:
return sisi * sisi
EndFunction

Example of Function (Algorithm)
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Algoritma PanggilLuasPersegi
{F.S: Menampilkan nilai fungsi luas persegi}
Kamus:
sisi,luas:integer
Function LuasPersegi(Input sisi:integer)  integer
Algoritma:
input(sisi)
luas  LuasPersegi(sisi)
output(luas)

Example of Function (Pascal)
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uses crt;
var
sisi,luas:integer;
function LuasPersegi(sisi:integer):integer;
begin
LuasPersegi := sisi * sisi;
end;
begin
luas := LuasPersegi(sisi); {Pemanggilan Function}

Example of Function (Pascal)
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write(‘Luas persegi : ‘,luas);
writeln();
readkey();
end.

Contact Person:
Adam Mukharil Bachtiar
Informatics Engineering UNIKOM
Jalan Dipati Ukur Nomor. 112-114 Bandung 40132
Email: adfbipotter@gmail.com
Blog: http://adfbipotter.wordpress.com
Copyright © Adam Mukharil Bachtiar 2011

Algorithm and Programming (Procedure and Function)

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Algorithm and Programming (Procedure and Function)