Android

Subject - Matter
Introduction
Background
Architecture of “Android”
Versions & Configuration
Features & Uses
Comparision with Other Operating System
Conclusion
Biblography

IntroductIon
A software platform and operating system for mobile
devices
Powered by Linux operating system
Developed by Google and later the Open Handset
Alliance (OHA)
It utilizes ARM Processors
ARM stands for ADVANCED RISC MACHINE.
Where

Mobile Operators Handset Manufacturers

OHA

Semiconductor Companies Software Companies Commercialization
Companies

OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE

bacKGround
Android Inc. was founded by ANDY RUBIN, RICH
MINER, NICK SEARS, CHRIS WHITE in October 2003
in Palo Alto in California

Android has got his name by the developer ANDY
RUBIN.

In 17th August 2005 ‘GOOGLE’ acquired Android Inc.

(cont.)
At ‘GOOGLE’ a team lead by Andy Rubin developed a
mobile device platform powered by the Linux Kernel version
2.6

On 5th November 2007 the 1st Android Mobile Device was
launched.

On same day OHA was formed to develop Open Standards
for mobile devices which promotes development from global
community.

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Android uses Linux kernel for it’s device manager,
memory management, power management & process
management, and networking.
This layer contains all the drivers used in the device.
This layer is written in c.

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This layer contains Android’s libraries.
Contents are written in C, C++. But runs only through
JAVA Interface.
Exposed to Developers through the Android Application
framework.

detaILS oF LIbrareIS
Libc : c standard lib.
SSL : Secure Socket Layer
SGL : 2D image engine
OpenGL/ES : 3D image engine
Media Framework : Core part of Android multi-media
SQLite : Embedded database
WebKit : Kernel of web browser
FreeType : Bitmap and Vector
SufraceManager : Manage difference windows for different
applications

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Core Libraries
Provides the functionality of the JAVA Programming Language
Android Application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the
Dalvik virtual machine
Dalvik Virtual Machine : Java based license free VM
Register based VM, optimization for low memory requirements
Executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
DX tool converts classes to .dex format
Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently.

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Developer use the Application Framework as well as
system resources based on local hardware to create
Applications.
Important component of this layer is activity manager,
which manages Life Cycle of Application.

detaILS oF
appLIcatIon
FraMeworK
Feature Role

View Used to build an application, including lists, grids, text
System boxes, buttons, and embedded web browser

Content Enabling applications to access data from other
Provider applications or to share their own data

Resource Providing access to non-code resources (localized strings,
Manager graphics, and layout files)

Notification Enabling all applications to display customer alerts in the
Manager status bar

Activity Managing the lifecycle of applications and providing
Manager a common navigation.

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Android provides a set of core applications:-
Contacts
Message
Home Screen
Maps
Email etc.
All the Application’s code are written in C, C++, & in
Java

androId verSIonS
The Android era officially began on 22nd October , 2008. With the
launching of G1 from T1 mobile.
The names of the versions of ANDROID are named in
Alphabetical order on a Dessert or Sugary treat.
The different versions of Android with release dates are:-
Android 1.0 ASTRO on 23rd September, 2008.
Android 1.1 BENDER on 9th February, 2009.
Android 1.5 CUPCAKE on 30th April, 2009.

verSIonS
(contd.)
Android 1.6 DONUT on 15th September, 2009.
Android 2.0/2.1 ÉCLAIR on 26th October, 2009.
Android 2.2.x FROYO on 20th May, 2010.

Android 2.3.x GINGERBREAD on 6th December, 2010.

Android 3.x HONEYCOMB on February 22, 2011.
Android 4.0.x ICE CREAM SANDWICH on 19th
October, 2011.
Android 4.1.x JELLY BEAN on June 27, 2012.

MInIMuM
requIreMentS
CHIPSET ARM based
MEMORY 128 mb Ram, 256 mb
flash external
STORAGE Mini or Micro SD
PRIMARY DISPLAY QVGA,TFT LCD or
Larger, 16 Bit color or
bettter
NAVIGATION KEYS Minimum 5 navigation &
application keys like
power, volume, camera.
USB Standard mini usb
interface.
BLUETOOTH 1.2 or 2.0

FeatureS
Handset layouts : Platfom based on VGA, 2D & 3D
Graphics
Storage : SQLite a relational database used for data
storage.
Connectivity : GSM/EDGE, CDMA, WI-FI,
BLUETOOTH,UMTS.
Multitasking : Multitasking of applications, with unique
handling of memory allocation, is available.
Voice based features : Voice actions for calling, texting,
navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards.
Multiple language support : Android supports multiple
languages.

FeatureS (cont.)
Video calling : via the UMTS network. Video calling
through Google Talk is available in Android 2.3.4 and
later.
Media support : It supports almost every format of
Audio/Video/Pictures/Text.
GPS based navigation.

coMparISon wItH
otHer MobILe oS
Change the defaults:- Unlike Symbian, Apple’s IOS or
any other operating system, Google’s Android comes
with the power of customization.
Browsing :- Other OS have the Browsers which have
complex algorithms, whereas Android has Google based
no.1 browser Chorme as it’s default browser.
Android can Run Multiple Apps at the Same Time.
Every Information is Visible on Your Home Screen.
Android Has a Better Free App Market.
Android Gives You Better Notifications. displays an icon
for every notification you have waiting.

androId
baSed devIceS

Toshiba’s
Android Cisco Android Tablet
smartbook

Android hdtv made by GPNC,
KOREA on 15th April 2010.

cont.
1st Android car made by
SAIC(Shanghai Automotive
Industry Corporation) on 18th
march 2010.

1st Android based Kitchen 1st Android based Desktop
appliances washing machine or Office telephone.
& microwave.

bIbLoGrapHy
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.eLinux.org

Android

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