Angular - Chapter 1 - Introduction

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Introduction
Angular

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Introduction to Angular

What is Angular?
• Angular framework consist of:
 Code / File organization
 Libraries
 Programming language support
 Building project
 And many more…
A structural framework for building dynamic web apps in HTML and either
JavaScript or a language like TypeScript that compiles to JavaScript

BCD
What is a Framework?
A
• A framework can be broadly defined as:
 Exposes Application Programming Interface (API)
 Is built to do things in a certain way
(Methodology)
 Has architecture to support methodologies
• Today’s rich web applications requires complex
functionalities where coding needs to be done
faster and smarter
• Raise of Single Page Applications (SPA) demands
excellent user experience

BCD
Should I call it as AngularJS or Angular?
A
• AngularJS (Angular 1):
 Released in 2010
 Primarily introduced as a front-end JavaScript
based framework
• Angular 2:
 Completely redesigned and rewritten (2016)
 Not compatible with AngularJS
 TypeScript as the programming language
• Angular 3:
 Version compatibility issues
 The version got skipped
• Angular 4:
 Backward compatible with Angular 2 (2017)
 The terminology of “AngularJS” or “Angular 2”
has gone by then
 Common terminology of Angular came into
picture
 Angular 5: Released in Nov 2017
 Angular 6: Released in May 2018
 Angular 7: Planned in 4Q 2018

BCD
Key benefits of Angular
A

BCD
What Angular is NOT?
A
• Backend (server side) framework/technology
• A scripting or programming language (like JavaScript or Java)
• A library, plugin or extension
• Design Pattern
Angular is one of the recent success stories of OpenSource way of developing software.
Let us spend some time on:
• OpenSource software development – How?
• What do you mean by “free” software?
• What are the benefits of using OpenSource?

BCD
OpenSource – Development process
A
These OpenSource development keeps happening on a continuous manner. By the time you
realize version X, it would have moved to Y with some changes. Most of the times OSS ensures
backward compatibility, there could be some exceptions though (ex: Angular 1.0 vs. Angular 2.0)

Angular Development Environment

BCD
Node.js
A
• Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8
JavaScript engine
• It uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes
it lightweight and efficient
• It helps to build scalable web applications for the backend
• One of the primary reasons why the "JavaScript Everywhere"
has become a reality
• Over 9 million instances of Node.js is deployed across
various servers across the globe

BCD
Node.js – NVM and NPM
A
• Node Version Manager (NVM):
• It is a tool (script) to install Node.js into the system
• Main use is to help managing multiple versions of Node.js in the same machine
• Node Package Manager (NPM):
• NPM is the package manager for JavaScript
• World’s largest software registry
• Primary aim to promote re-usability
$ node –-version // Version of Node.js
$ nvm –-version // Version of NVM
$ npm –-version // Version of NPM
$ npm list // List all the packages

BCD
Angular CLI
A
• Command line interface for Angular
• Part of the NPM, required NVM to launch web apps
• It generates components, routes, services and pipes
• Helps to launch and test applications
• All commands start with ng in the beginning. Two samples are given below, more to come!
$ ng new helloApp // Creates a new app
$ ng serve --open // Launches the app at port 4200

BCD
What is TypeScript?
A
• TypeScript is JavaScript for application-scale development
• TypeScript is a strongly typed, object oriented, compiled language
• It was designed by Anders Hejlsberg (designer of C#) at Microsoft
• TypeScript is superset of JavaScript compiled to JavaScript. Its unique philosophy is to make
sure good development practices and develop applications at scale
• Since frameworks like Node.js is designed to run JavaScript in the server side, TypeScript
“Transpiles” into JavaScript
$ tsc --version // Check typescript version

BCD
And finally….our friends!
A
Bracket VS code
Hot Module Replacement (HMR)

Creating YOUR First Application

BCD
Creating First App
A
• Create and launch your first application using the following two commands
• This would generate a particular directory structure with so many pre-populated directories,
sub-directories, files etc..
• At first sight it will be overwhelming for anybody, till we get used to it 
• Let us take a overview of all these files and what they mean. Please note knowing all possible
files and options may not be required at this instance, even some of them are out of scope of
this course!
$ ng new myFirstApp // Creates the application
$ ng serve –-open // Launches the app automatically

For End to End testing
Directory Structure

Directory Structure
 Contains app code. All Angular
components, templates, styles,
images, and anything else your app
needs go here
 Any files outside of this folder are
meant to support building your app
 App resources such as images can
be kept here

Directory Structure
 Defines the AppComponent along
with an HTML template, CSS
stylesheet, and a unit test
 It is the root component of what
will become a tree of nested
components as the app evolves

Directory Structure
 Defines AppModule, the root
module that tells Angular how to
assemble the app

Directory Structure
 This folder contains one file for each
of your destination environments,
each exporting simple configuration
variables to use in your app
 The files are replaced on-the-fly
when you build your app

Directory Structure
Icon for bookmark bar

Directory Structure
 The main HTML page that is served
when someone visits your site
 Most of the time you'll never need
to edit it
 The CLI automatically adds all js and
css files when building your app so
you never need to add any <script>
or <link> tags here manually

Directory Structure
The main entry point for your app

Directory Structure
 Different browsers have different
levels of support of the web
standards
 Polyfills help normalize those
differences

Directory Structure
 Global styles that affect all of
your app need to be in a central
place

Directory Structure
 This is the main entry point for your
unit tests
 It has some custom configuration
that might be unfamiliar, but it's not
something you'll need to edit

Directory Structure
 TypeScript compiler configuration for
 Angular app (tsconfig.app.json)
 Unit tests (tsconfig.spec.json)

Directory Structure
 Configuration for Angular CLI
 In this file you can set several defaults
and also configure what files are
included when your project is built

Directory Structure
Simple configuration for your editor to
make sure everyone that uses your
project has the same basic configuration

Directory Structure
Git configuration to make sure auto-
generated files are not committed to
source control

Directory Structure
Contains project description

Directory Structure
Unit test configuration for the Karma test
runner, used when running ng test

Directory Structure
npm configuration listing the third party
packages your project uses

Directory Structure
End-to-end test configuration for
Protractor, used when running ng e2e

Directory Structure
Basic documentation for your project

Directory Structure
TypeScript compiler configuration for
your IDE to pick up and give you helpful
tooling

Directory Structure
 Linting configuration for TSLint
together with Codelyzer, used when
running ng lint
 Linting helps keep your code style
consistent

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Angular - Chapter 1 - Introduction