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Arduino_presentation_ For_Beginners.pptx
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- 2. Microcontroller A microcontroller (MCU)is a tiny computer built into a single chip. It's made to control small tasks in electronic devices — like turning on lights, controlling a fan, or running a microwave. It has everything it needs inside one chip: • A processor (like a mini brain) to follow instructions, • Memory to remember things (both temporarily and permanently), • And input/output parts to talk to other devices or buttons and sensors. Microcontrollers are used in things like washing machines, remote controls, cars, and robots. They don’t do big jobs like full computers, but they’re perfect for handling simple tasks quickly and reliably. 2
- 3. Microprocessor A microprocessor isa small electronic chip that acts like the brain of a computer. It takes input (like numbers or instructions), does some math or decision-making, and gives the output. In simple terms, a microprocessor: • Takes instructions from memory (like a list of tasks), • Understands what to do (this is called decoding), • Performs the task (like adding two numbers), and • Gives the result. Without a microprocessor, a computer wouldn’t be able to work. It controls everything — from running games to opening apps and typing in documents. So, just like your brain helps you think and make decisions, the microprocessor helps a computer work by following instructions very quickly. 3
- 4. Microprocessor vs Microcontroller 4 FeatureMicroprocessor Microcontroller Main Job Solves general problems, like in computers Controls specific things, like in a washing machine or remote Memory Needs separate memory (not built-in) Has memory built-in (like RAM and ROM) Use Used in computers, laptops, printers Used in smart devices like A.C., microwave, robots Difficulty More complicated Simpler and easier to use Cost Usually more expensive Cheaper and used in low-cost devices Power Use Uses more power Uses less power, more efficient How It Stores Programs Stores programs and data in the same place Keeps programs and data separate (faster)
- 5. Arduino NANO ArduinoMICRO Arduino UNO R3 Arduino MEGA Arduino LEONARDO Types 5
- 6. Key Parts ofArduino Uno R3 1️ 1️ ⃣ Microcontroller Chip (ATmega328P): The “brain” of the Arduino. Runs your code and controls input/output.8-bit AVR microcontroller with 32 KB Flash memory. DIGITAL I/O PINs (0 to 13): 2️ ⃣ Pins used to read digital inputs (like a button) or send digital outputs (like turning an LED ON/OFF).Pins 0 & 1 are also used for Serial Communication (RX, TX). USB Port: 3️ 3️ ⃣ Connects Arduino to your computer. Used for uploading code and for serial communication (monitoring data). 4️ ⃣ External Power Supply (DC Jack): Lets you power the Arduino with an external 6
- 7. 5️ 5️ ⃣ 3.3V DCPin: Provides 3.3V output for sensors and modules that require lower voltage. 6️ ⃣ 5V DC Pin: Provides regulated 5V output. Powers external modules and breadboard circuits. Comes from USB or onboard voltage regulator. 7️ 7️ ⃣ GND (Ground): Ground reference for the circuit. All circuits must connect GND to complete the loop. 8️ ⃣ Analog Input Pins (A0 to A5): Read analog signals (like sensor voltages).Converts analog voltage to digital values (ADC).Useful for sensors like LDR, temperature, potentiometers. 7
- 8. Breadboard & Basic Componentsfor Arduino Breadboard Connections 8
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- 10. Simple Buzzer withDelay 10
- 11. IR (Infrared) Sensors •Function: Detect infrared light; used for object detection or remote controls. • Use in Arduino: Obstacle sensing robots, line followers, remote receiver/ transmitter. 11
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- 13. IR LED (Transmitter):This is like a tiny flashlight that emits infrared light, which we can’t see. Photodiode or Phototransistor (Receiver): This part senses if any IR light comes back. How It Detects an Object: The IR LED constantly sends out infrared light in a straight line. If there’s no object, the light just goes away — nothing bounces back. If there is an object in front, the light hits the object and reflects back to the photodiode. The photodiode picks up this reflected light 13
- 14. Servo Motors • Function:Rotates to a specific angle within a range (0°–180°). • Use in Arduino: Precise position control — robots, RC cars, camera gimbals. 14
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- 16. Ultrasonic Sensor Function: Measuresdistance using sound waves. Example: HC-SR04 sensor. Use in Arduino: Distance measurement, obstacle avoidance for robots. Working: Emits ultrasonic pulse waits for echo calculates distance by time. → → 16
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- 19. Arduino IDE &Community Forums 19