Basic of computer Introduction . ppt

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
By
S.Sudhaa M.Sc,M.Phil,
Assistant Professor,
Atconnect Trainer.

COMPUTER
 A computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory that can accept data (input), process the
data according to specified rules, produce
information (output), and store the information
for future use.

FUNCTIONALITIES OF A
COMPUTER
 Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross
terms:
 Takes data as input.
 Stores the data/instructions in its memory and use
them when required.
 Processes the data and converts it into useful
information.
 Generates the output
 Controls all the above four steps
 Processing
 Data
 Information

COMPUTER COMPONENTS
 Hardware
 Software

HARDWARE
 Computer hardware is the collection of physical
elements” Tangible objects” that constitutes a
computer system. The actual machinery, wires,
transistors, and circuits … etc.

SOFTWARE
 Computer Programs instructions and data

COMPUTER UNITS
 Input Unit
 Central processing Unit
 Primary Memory Unit
 Secondary storage Unit
 Output Unit

CPU
 CPU known as microprocessor or processor
 It is responsible for all functions and processes.
 CPU Components The CPU is comprised of
three main parts
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
 Control Unit (CU)
 Registers: Stores the data that is to be executed
next.

ALU,CU,REGISTER
 Arithmetic calculations like as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.Logical operation like compare
numbers, letters, or special characters.
 Registers: Stores the data that is to be executed next, "very
fast storage area".
 Control Unit (CU)Control Unit (CU): controls and co-
ordinates computer components.
 Read the code for the next instruction to be executed.
 Increment the program counter so it points to the next
instruction.
 Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in
memory.
 Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register.
 If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to
complete, instruct the hardware to perform the requested
operation.

PRIMARY MEMORY UNIT
 1. RAM: Random Access Memory: is a memory scheme
within the computer system responsible for storing
data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly
accessed by the processor as and when needed.
 It is volatile in nature, which means that data will be
erased once supply to the storage device is turned off.
 RAM stores data randomly and the processor accesses
these data randomly from the RAM storage.
 RAM is considered "random access" because you can
access any memory cell directly if you know the row
and column that intersect at that cell.

PRIMARY MEMORY UNIT
 2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM is a
permanent form of storage. ROM stays active
regardless of whether power supply to it is
turned on or off. ROM devices do not allow data
stored on them to be modified.

SECONDARY MEMORY STORES
DATA AND PROGRAMS
PERMANENTLY
 its retained after the power is turned off
Examples
 Hard Disk
 Optical Disk
 Flash memory

HARD DISK CALLED DISK DRIVE
OR HDD
 Stores and provides relatively quick access to large
amounts of data.
 Stores data on an electromagnetically charged
surface or set of surfaces.
 Optical Disk & Flash an optical disc drive (ODD) is
a disk drive that uses laser light to store data.
 There are three main types of optical media: CD,
DVD, and Blu-ray discCD
 “Compact Disk” can store up to 700MBDVD
 “ Digital Video Disk “ can store up to 8.4 GBBlu-ray
disc. can store up to 50 GB

INPUT DEVICES
 Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer
hardware equipment to provide data and control
signals to an information processing system such
as a computer or other information appliance.
 Input device Translate data from form that
humans understand to one that the computer can
work with.
 Most common are keyboard and mouse

SOFTWARE
 Software is a generic term for organized
collections of computer data and instructions,
often broken into two major categories two major
categories:
 System software
 Application software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE
 System software Known as Operating
System is responsible for controlling,
integrating, and managing the individual
hardware components of a computer
systemWindows is an example of OS.example of
System Software:1) Microsoft Windows2) Linux3)
Unix4) Mac OSX5) DOS.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Application software is used to accomplish specific
tasks other than just running the computer
system.
 It may consist of a single program, such as an
image viewer a small collection of programs (often
called a software package) that work closely
together to accomplish a task.
 Such as a spreadsheet or text processing system a
larger collection (often called a software suite) of
related but independent programs and packages
that have a common user interface or shared data
format, such as Microsoft Office.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Diligence
 Storage Capability
 Versatility

CONTD……
 Speed :The computer can process data very fast,
at the rate of millions of instructions per second
 Accuracy: Computer provides a high degree of
accuracy. For example, the computer can
accurately give the result of division of any two
numbers up to 10 decimal places.
 Diligence: When used for a longer period of time,
the computer does not get tired or fatigued. It
can perform long and complex calculations with
the same speed and accuracy from the start till
the end.

CONTD….
 Storage Capability: Large volumes of data and
information can be stored in the computer and also
retrieved whenever required.
 A limited amount of data can be stored, temporarily,
in the primary memory. Secondary storage devices
like floppy disk and compact disk can store a large
amount of data permanently.
 Versatility: Computer is versatile in nature. It can
perform different types of tasks with the same ease.
 At one moment you can use the computer to prepare
a letter document and in the next moment you may
play music or print a document.

COMPUTER CLASSIFICATION
 Computers can be classified by size and power to:
 Personal computer (PCs)
 Workstation
 Minicomputer
 Mainframe
 Super Computer.

PERSONAL COMPUTER (PCS):
 Personal computer (PCs): a small, single-user
computer based on a microprocessor. In addition
to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a
keyboard for entering data, a monitor for
displaying information, and a storage device for
saving data.
 Workstation: a powerful, single-user computer. A
workstation is like a personal computer, but it
has a more powerful microprocessor and a
higher-quality monitor.

CONTD…..
 Minicomputer: multi-user computer capable of
supporting from 10 to hundreds of users
simultaneously.
 Mainframe: powerful multi-user computer
capable of supporting many hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
 Supercomputer: an extremely fast computer that
can perform hundreds of millions of instructions
per second.

Basic of computer Introduction . ppt

Basic of computer Introduction . ppt

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Basic of computer Introduction . ppt