Computer architecture overview

Computer architecture overview

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  COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE 1
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  WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE Theinternal design operational structure of a computer system The science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals. A set of disciplines that describes a computer system by specifying its parts and their relations. 2
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  WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE •The conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. Computer Architecture = Instruction Set Architecture + Machine Organization + ….. 3
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  TECHNICAL DEFINITION • Aseries of abstraction layers that consists of :hardware, firmware, assembler, kernel, operating system and application. • abstraction layer: is a software that translates a high-level request into the low-level commands required to perform the operation 4
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  FORCES ACTING ONCA 5
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  SUB-CATEGORIES OF CA •Instruction set architecture • Microarchitecture • System Design 6
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  SUB-COMPONENTS OF CA • • • • CPU MainMemory I/O Bus Interconnections 7
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  Why is architectureexciting? • Fast-paced: Technology trends • Important: Prevalence of computers: They’re everywhere! Desktops, laptops, cars, airplanes, ??? 8
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  Why is architecturechallenging? • Difficult to evaluate solutions • Inter-related with other fields 9
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  Ways to EvaluateNew Architectures • Tradeoff between three desired features 10
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  Inter-related with otherfields • Architecture is considered both computer engineering and computer science • Architects interact with other areas • • • • • • • • Circuit design (Electrical Engineering) Transmission lines (EE) Power (EE, Mechanical Engineering) Compilers (Comp Sci) Operating systems (CS) Networking (EE, CS) Databases (CS) Queuing theory (CS, EE, Industrial Engineering) 11
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  How Architecture Relatesto Other Areas Application Software Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software Computer Architecture Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware 12
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  How Architecture Relatesto Hardware (EE) Application Software Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software Computer Architecture Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware • Architecture should enable efficient hardware design – Avoid huge hardware structures – Avoid cross-chip wires 13
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  How Architecture Relatesto System Software Application Software Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software Computer Architecture Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware • Architecture should support system software – Provide good target for compiler (unlike IA-64?) – Support important OS features (such as synchronization) 14
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  How Architecture Relatesto User Software Application Software Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software Computer Architecture Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware • Architecture should efficiently run important apps • Intel added MMX hardware to support media apps • Sun & IBM design multiprocessors for commercial apps 15
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  WHY WE STUDYCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE • • • • • Understand what computer really is What is inside a computer Why a computer is designed Optimize programs written in high level languages Take advantage of the speed offered by the latest advances in supercomputers 16
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  WHY WE STUDYCOMPUTER ARCHITECTURE • The understanding of the components that make up the computer and the way they are interconnected • Be aware of the advancements in computer architecture • You need to understand infrastructure, design and possibly make your programs multi-platform. Then you leave little reason why a client cannot use your program. 17
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  THANK YOU •?????? 18