CSE509 Lecture 1

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CSE509: Introduction toWeb Science and TechnologyLecture 1: IntroductionMuhammad AtifQureshiWeb Science Research GroupInstitute of Business Administration (IBA)

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OutlineWhat is WebScience?Why We Need Web Science?Implications of Web ScienceCSE509 AdminstriviaCourse ContentsJuly 09, 2011

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Science of theWebIntroductionWhy we need Web Science as a research field? Because we need a systems-level understanding of the Web. – Prof. Nigel Shadbolt,One of pioneers of Web Science program,University of SouthamptonJuly 09, 2011

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Web ScienceSocial andengineering dimensions (New York Times at launch of Web Science Program at Univ. of Southampton and MIT in 2006)Extends well beyond traditional Computer ScienceIntroductionThe Web isn’t about what you can do with computers. It’s people and, yes, they are connected by computers. But computer science, as the study of what happens in a computer, doesn’t tell you about what happens on the Web. –Tim Berners-LeeOne of the founder of WWWJuly 09, 2011

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What is theWeb?A distributed document delivery system implemented through application-level protocols on the InternetA tool for collaborative writing and community buildingA framework of protocols that support e-commerceA network of co-operating computersA large, cylindrical, directed graph made up of Web pages and linksJuly 09, 2011Introduction

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Science (in anutshell)July 09, 2011IntroductionExistenceDoes X exist?Description and ClassificationWhat is X like?What are its properties?How can it be categorized?How can we measure it?What are its components?Descriptive ProcessHow does X work?What is the process by which X happens?What are the steps as X evolves?How does X achieve its purpose?Descriptive-Comparative

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How does Xdiffer from Y?

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Relationship

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Are X andY related?

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Do occurrences ofX co-relate with occurrences of Y?

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Casuality

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Does X causeY?

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Does X preventY?

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What causes X?

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What effect doesX have on Y?

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Design

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What is aneffective way to achieve X?

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How can weimprove X?Perspectives of “Science”Physical/biological science perspectives

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Analytic disciplines thataim to find laws/processes that generate or explain observed phenomena

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Social science perspective

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Scholarly or scientificdisciplines that deal with the study of human society and of individual relationships in and to society

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Computer science perspective

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Synthetic discipline thatcreates mechanisms (e.g., formalisms, algorithms, etc.) in order to support particular desired behaviorJuly 09, 2011Introduction

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Which Science Explainsthe Web?GivenNeither the Web nor the world is staticThe Web evolves in response to various pressures fromScienceCommerceThe publicPoliticsEtc.July 09, 2011Introduction

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Web ScienceThe Webis a new technical and social phenomenon and a growing organismThe Web needs to be studied and understood as an entity in its own rightWeb Science is a new field of science that involves a multi-disciplinary study and inquiry for the understanding of the Web and its relationships to usJuly 09, 2011Introduction

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Why Web Science?Dynamicsand evolutionThe “deep (or dark) Web”Sampling, lack of complete enumerationScale (e.g., What is the percentage of Web pages updated daily?)Search (e.g., What percentage of Web pages are indexed by search engines?)Web topologyArtifacts of social interactions (blogs, etc.), Web sociologyJuly 09, 2011Importance

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Web Science vs.Computer ScienceMetricsComputer Science: Moore’s Law, O(n) algorithm analysis, GigabytesWeb Science: Page views, Unique visitors/month, No. of songs/videosTopicsComputer Science: Computer networks, Programming languages, Database systems, Operating systems, Compilers, GraphicsWeb Science: Social networks, Relationships (users, web pages, etc.), Web 2.0 applications, E-*, Creating/sharing multimediaFocusComputer Science: Technology, Computers, HPC, Proficient programmersWeb Science: Applications, Users, Mobile interactivity, Universal accessibilityJuly 09, 2011

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What Could ScientificTheories for the Web Look Like?Every page on the Web can be reached by following less than 10 linksThe average number of words per search query is greater than 3A wikipedia page on average contains 0.03 false factsThe Web is a “scale-free” graphJuly 09, 2011Importance

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Intersection of DisciplinesJuly09, 2011Importance

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July 09, 2011Properdiscipline of interest is not only Web ScienceBut“Web Science and Technology”

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Web’s Relation withEntrepreneurshipJuly 09, 2011ImplicationWeb Science represents a pretty big next step in the evolution of information. This kind of research is likely to have a lot of influence on the next generation of researchers, scientists and most importantly, the next generation of entrepreneurs who will build new companies from this.– Eric Schmdt,Ex-CEO, Google Inc.

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For Pakistan WebScience and Technology Job market is heavily consumed by technology of Web solutionsRemote industry such as Google, Yahoo, Microsoft is heavily investing in itBusiness is getting a good amount of share from the WebSocial Media reaches people massively than the traditional mediaJuly 09, 2011Implication

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Course ObjectivesHave insighton the future direction of the WebHow technological changes affect the Web as a systemLearn design principles for complex Web applications and systemsPrepare for the new era of Web science and technologyJuly 09, 2011

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Course InformationInstructorsMuhammad AtifQureshiArjumandYounusClassHoursSaturdays 6:00 pm to 8:15 pm Office HoursMondays 1:00 pm to 3:00 pmEvaluationAssignments (50%)Mid-Term Exam (30%)Research Project (20%)July 09, 2011

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Course OrganizationSession OneInformationRetrievalSession TwoLarge-Scale Web MiningSession ThreeSocial Web MiningJuly 09, 2011

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Information RetrievalPrinciples andTheories behind Web Search EnginesBasic IR models, data structures and algorithmsTopic-based modelsLink-based rankingSearch engine architectureJuly 09, 2011

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Large-Scale Web MiningMapReduceDesign PatternsBig dataLarger amount of data means useful applicationsAlgorithms using MapReduceDistributed File Systems (GFS)July 09, 2011There is substantial promise in this new paradigm of computing, but unwarranted hype by the media and popular sources threatens its credibility in the long run. In some ways, cloud computing is simply brilliant marketing – Jimmy LinTwitter Scientist and Maryland Professor

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Social Web MiningSocialWeb CrawlingMining for Information in Social NetworksTrend analysisDynamics and evolution patternsTemporal analysisCommunity detection and analysisSocial SearchJuly 09, 2011

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EXAMPLE OF WEBSCIENCE PROJECT: Diff-IE (courtesy Jaime Teevan, Microsoft Research)July 09, 2011

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DISCUSSIONJuly 09, 2011

CSE509 Lecture 1

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