DNA & Molecular Computing

DNA & Molecular Computing

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  Molecule.jpg (1024×768) DNA& Molecular Computing Computer Architecture Ben Atwell Josh Dean Matt Wienkes
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  History of DNAComputing Initially developed in 1994 Leonard Adleman University of Southern California Used as a proof of concept to solve seven-point Hamiltonian path problem Various Turing machines have been constructed using DNA since. dna
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  DNA Computers vs.Computers Today One pound of DNA has the capacity to store more information than all the electronic computers ever built. The computing power of a teardrop-sized DNA computer, using the DNA logic gates, will be more powerful than the world's most powerful supercomputer Unlike conventional computers which perform linearly, DNA computers perform calculations parallel to other calculations.
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  Switching From Siliconto DNA As long as there are cellular organisms, there will always be a supply of DNA. The large supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource. Unlike the toxic materials used to make traditional microprocessors, DNA biochips can be made cleanly. DNA computers are many times smaller than today's computers. http://www.pdphoto.org/jons/pictures2/chips_3_bg_102602.jpg
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  Drawbacks of DNAComputing Can currently only return Yes or No answers to problems. Although it has the potential for great speed, is currently quite slow Is competing with more well known/popular models such as Quantum Computing.
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  Classes of DNAComputing Intramolecular Intermolecular Supramolecular http://www.popsci.com/files/imagecache/article_image_large/articles/harddlctemplate.jpg
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  Intramolecular DNA ComputingInvolves constructing programmable state machines in single DNA molecules These can operate by means of intramolecular conformational transitions
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  Intermolecular DNA ComputingThe core of Adleman's work Solving the seven-point Hamiltonian path problem Focuses on the hybridization between different DNA molecules as a basic step for computations
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  Supramolecular DNA ComputingThe creating of molecular assemblies that are beyond the scale of one molecule Harnesses the process of self-assembly of rigid DNA molecules with different sequences to perform computations
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  Current Uses ofDNA Computing MAYA-I MAYA-II
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  DNA Computers: TheMAYA-I Molecular Array of YES and ANDNOT logic gates Composed of only 23 DNA logic gates Able to complete only specific Tic-Tac-Toe games
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  Her Successor: TheMAYA-II Replaced the MAYA-I Based on DNA Stem Loop Controllers DNA Nanotechnology, Consists of a single strand of DNA which has a loop at an end, Dynamic structure that opens and closes when a piece of DNA bonds to the loop part
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  DNA Computers: TheMAYA-II Contains well over 100 DNA circuits Able to play any game of Tic- Tac -Toe, not just specific ones Problem: Very slow Can take up to 30 minutes to perform a move Makes it just another proof of concept, not a full application 2143 Web
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  Bacteria-based Computer Lightsensitive bacteria known as Halobacterium can switch between two “states” Red and green laser change the form of the bacteria back and forth, essentially creating a binary system High storage density potential (480Gb per 5cc) Potentially slower than DNA, but unlike DNA, not limited to Yes or No answers.
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  The Future isComing IBM seeks a fusion of DNA, silicon, and carbon nano -tubes Advanced self- assembing DNA machines have created nano -scale car parts Biologists are researching implanting DNA computers into human cells http://www.pollsb.com/photos/o/17835-best_invention.jpg