Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT applications

Electronics Microcontrollers for IoT applications

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  Electronics Microcontrollers for IoTApplications Leopoldo Armesto Senior Lecturer Universitat Politècnica de València 1
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  Outline Microcontroller Signals Memory Architecture Alternatives Electronics for IoT ESPProcessors Examples 2
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  Microcontroller signals Digital vs.Analog: A digital signal varies between two possible states HIGH or LOW, while an signal that can take any value within a range of voltages. Digital Input: An external device controls the voltage and the microcontroller ‘monitor’ its changes, so we can read it as HIGH or LOW. Digital Output: The microcontroller can set a HIGH or LOW voltage. Analog Input: An internal ADC converts the analog value into a decimal number (typically discrete values with 10-bit to 16 bit resolution). 3
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  Microcontroller signals PWM (Pulsemodulated width): A periodic signal with variable HIGH/LOW times. Typically used to control transistors, generate frequencies, etc... They can be seen as ‘analog’ signals for components with slow dynamics, such as motors or analog filters. Interrupts: Special signals that will interrupt the current program flow so that a higher priority task can be executed. External: External signals can generate an interrupt on specific pins. Timers: Most microcontrollers include timers to measure time or to execute tasks periodically. 4
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  Microcontroller signals Bus signals:Used to transmit digital data between the microcontroller and another external device. UART: Serial communication with two lines (RX and TX) between two devices. I2C: Serial communication with two lines (SDA and SCK). Master-slave architecture. SPI: Serial full-duplex communication with four lines (CLK, MOSI, MISO,SS). Master-slave architecture. 5
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  Microcontroller memory Programmemory(Flashmemory): Where westore our code, non-volatile. Large, compared to data memory, because is cheap. Datamemory: RAM (SRAM): Where we store variables that we use in our code. It is deleted on start-up (volatile). Special Function Registers (SFR) are connected to specific peripherals such as de ADC or Timers. ROM (EEPROM): Where we store long-term variables. Usually is even shorter than SRAM, because is expensive. 6
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  Microcontroller architecture MCUClock Program Memory Data Memory GPIO BusPeripherals Timers Interrupts ADC 7
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  Microcontroller alternatives Microcontroller • Simpleto use • Low consumption Microprocessor • OS • Computational Power • Compatible with many external devices DSP • Similar to uC, but specialized for signal processing • Requires advanced knowledge. FPGA • Very fast • Need to think as a circuit designer. • Deployment is much slower. 8 Arduino Uno WiFi Rev.2 Raspberry Pi 3B+ TI DSP Alhambra board
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  Electronics for IoT ArduinoUno WiFi • Easy to use. • Expensive compared to other alternatives. ESP8266 • Cheap • Programmed with Arduino IDE • WiFi ESP32 • Cheap • Programmed with Arduino IDE • WiFi • Faster than ESP8266 Raspberry Pi 3 B+ • More expensive than Raspberry Pi Zero W • Ethernet connection. • SC Card • Camera Raspberry Pi ZeroW • Quite cheap. • WiFi & Bluetooth. • SD Card. • Camera 9
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  ESP8266 ESP-01 : Very-low costWi-Fi module Can extend Wi-Fi capabilities of Arduino Uno (and similar) through UART connection. 4 GPIO available. ESP-12E: 17 GPIO available (13 in NodeMCU) 1 analog input (0V~1.6V) 10 ESP-01 NodeMCU ESP-12E ESP8266MOD
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  Wemos D1 R2 Adevelopment board using ESP8266 compatible with Arduino Shields. Characteristics: WiFi 802.11 13 GPIO. 1 analog input (3.3V max). 4Mb Flash Memory 80Mhz/160Mhz clock speed Micro USB (programming and serial communication). Power jack, 9~24V. 11 Wemos D1 R2
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  ESP32 Wi-Fi & bluetooth(BLE) 32 GPIO available 18 Analog inputs channels (12 bits) 10 Touch inputs 2 DACs 4 SPI, 2 I2C and 3 UART interfaces SD controller, Ethernet, CAN, IR, Motor PWM, LED PWM 12 ESP32-WROOM-32
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  Wemos D1 R32 Adevelopment board using ES32 compatible with Arduino Shields. Characteristics: WiFi 802.11 Bluetooth: v4.2 BR/EDR BLE 18 GPIO & 6analog input (3.3V max). 4Mb Flash Memory. 520KB RAM 240Mhz clock speed Micro USB (programming and serial communication).13 Wemos D1 R32
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  Examples Relay remote controlusing ESP-01 Requires an external USB-UART interface for programming Ideal for simple home automation projects 14
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  Examples Weather station: Measures: Temperature& Humidity DHT11/22, Pressure, Altitude & Temperature BMP180, Light intensity LDR; Rain value (Rain sensor). IoT Cloud server for logging data. 15
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  Examples Starter kit forIoT: Basic I/O: 2 push buttons, 2 LEDs, 1 RGB LED, 1 Potentiometer Sensors: Humidity & Temperature Sensor (DHT11), Analog Temperature Sensor (LM35), Light sensor (LDR) IR communications Buzzer. OLED Screen: 128x64 pixels 16 Wemos D1 R32 Multi-sensor shield OLED screen 128x64
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  Electronics Microcontrollers for IoTApplications Leopoldo Armesto Senior Lecturer Universitat Politècnica de València 17