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![Substitution Model
def greaterThan5(i: Int): Option[Int] =
if(i > 5) Some(i) else None
def createMessage(): String =
greaterThan5(3).map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5"
def createMessage2(): String =
(if(3 > 5)
Some(3)
else
None).map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5"
def createMessage3(): String =
None.map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5"
置き換えモデル](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/85/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-12-320.jpg)
![Return values
戻り値を使うことでテストしやすくなった
def calculateOldest(p1: Person, p2: Person):
Option[Person] =
if(p1.age > p2.age)
Some(p1)
else if(p2.age > p1.age)
Some(p2)
else
None](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/85/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-21-320.jpg)
![We can still split more
さらに細かく分ける
def result(maybePerson:Option[Person]): Unit =
maybePerson match {
case Some(Person(name, age)) =>
println(s"${p.name} is oldest")
case None =>
println("They are the same age")
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/85/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-22-320.jpg)
![A pure function core
これでコアが純粋関数になった
def calculateOldest(p1: Person, p2: Person):
Option[Person]
def result(maybePerson: Option[Person]):
String =
maybePerson.map {
case Person(name, age) =>
s"${name} is the oldest"
} getOrElse "They are the same age"
def combine(p1: Person, p2: Person): Unit =
println(result(calculateOldest(p1,p2)))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/85/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-23-320.jpg)
![Substitution Model
def greaterThan5(i: Int): Option[Int] =
if(i > 5) Some(i) else None
def createMessage(): String =
greaterThan5(3).map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5"
def createMessage2(): String =
(if(3 > 5)
Some(3)
else
None).map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5"
def createMessage3(): String =
None.map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5"
置き換えモデル](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/75/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-12-2048.jpg)
![Return values
戻り値を使うことでテストしやすくなった
def calculateOldest(p1: Person, p2: Person):
Option[Person] =
if(p1.age > p2.age)
Some(p1)
else if(p2.age > p1.age)
Some(p2)
else
None](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/75/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-21-2048.jpg)
![We can still split more
さらに細かく分ける
def result(maybePerson:Option[Person]): Unit =
maybePerson match {
case Some(Person(name, age)) =>
println(s"${p.name} is oldest")
case None =>
println("They are the same age")
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/75/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-22-2048.jpg)
![A pure function core
これでコアが純粋関数になった
def calculateOldest(p1: Person, p2: Person):
Option[Person]
def result(maybePerson: Option[Person]):
String =
maybePerson.map {
case Person(name, age) =>
s"${name} is the oldest"
} getOrElse "They are the same age"
def combine(p1: Person, p2: Person): Unit =
println(result(calculateOldest(p1,p2)))](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fpforall-160130065225/75/Functional-Programming-For-All-Scala-Matsuri-2016-23-2048.jpg)
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Functional Programming For All - Scala Matsuri 2016
- 1. Functional Programming for All ZacharyMcCoy みんなの関数型プログラミング
- 2. About Me • Scala •Iowa, USA • twitter - @ZachAMcCoy • email - zach.mccoy@banno.com
- 3. What is Functional Programming? •Programming… with functions • Functions as the main abstraction • Functions as first class values 「関数を用いたプログラミング」 「関数を主な抽象化の道具とする」「第一級値としての関数」
- 4. What is Functional Programming? •Controlled side effects • Restricts how we write programs, but not what we can express 「制御された副作用」 「表現の幅は狭めずに、プログラムの書き方を制約する」
- 5. Functional Programming • Purefunctional core with a layer of side effects on the outside • Side effect - an action in addition to return values • FP - Evaluating expressions • Imperative - programs are composed of statements 中核は純粋関数でその外側の層で副作用が実行される FP は式を評価するのに対し、命令型は命令文から成る
- 6. What is afunction? • An expression involving one or more variables • Domain and Co-Domain • Unique mapping from D -> CD • Immutability, produces something new 関数とは1つもしくは複数の値に関する式 ドメインとコドメインの一意対応、イミュータブル
- 7. Pure Functions • Noobservable side-effects • Anything that isn’t returning a result • Mutation • I/O • Depends only on arguments or subset of 純粋関数は副作用を持たず、結果は引数にのみ依存する
- 8. Pure Functions • Examples •Hashing • Arithmetic 純粋関数例：ハッシュ化、算術演算
- 9. Why does puritymatter? • Side effects cause order of evaluation to matter • Only have to use local reasoning • Composition and reusability 副作用は実行／評価順の考慮が必要になる、局所化、 合成と再利用性
- 10. Why does puritymatter? • Separate the computation over the input from how to obtain it • Guarantees Referential Transparency 演算と入力を与える方法を分離、参照透過性を保証
- 11. Referential Transparency • Anexpression can be replaced by its value, provided the expression is pure • A function can only be RT if the inputs are also RT • Referential Transparency enables equational reasoning 参照透過性 (RT): 純粋な式がその値と置き換え可能なこと 関数が参照透過であるためには、入力も透過である必要がある
- 12. Substitution Model def greaterThan5(i:Int): Option[Int] = if(i > 5) Some(i) else None def createMessage(): String = greaterThan5(3).map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5" def createMessage2(): String = (if(3 > 5) Some(3) else None).map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5" def createMessage3(): String = None.map(x => "Was greater than 5") getOrElse "Was less than or equal to 5" 置き換えモデル
- 13. Formalize Referential Transparency • Anexpression, E, is said to be referentially transparent if E can be replaced with its value without changing the behavior of a program • Same effect and output in the end 参照透過性の形式化：式をその値と置き換えることができる プログラムの振る舞いは作用を含め変わってはいけない
- 14. Referential Transparency • Mathematics! •(2 * 2 = 4) • Returning errors as values, rather than side effecting 参照透過性は数学! エラーは、副作用ではなく、値で返す
- 15. How does thistie together? • Pure functions enable Referential Transparency • RT enables the Substitution model and Equational Reasoning • Pure functions are a huge gain! 純粋関数 参照透過性 置き換えモデル＆等式推論 純粋関数 ウマー
- 16. Scala and FP •Scala doesn't enforce Referential Transparency • We have to work for it • Limit your set of tools: no vars, pulling from out of scope, exceptions Scala は参照透過性を強制しないため、自前での対応が必要
- 17. Scala and FP •Given an impure function of type A => C we can split it into two functions • Pure function of A => B, where B is the description of the result • Impure function of type B => C which is the interpreter of the description 純粋でない関数 A C は、純粋関数 A B と そのインタプリタ B C に分離することが可能
- 18. Calculate the oldest 最年長者の計算 caseclass Person(name: String, age: Int) val p1 = Person("John", 30) val p2 = Person("Jack", 100)
- 19. Calculate the oldest これはテストするのが難しい 全部副作用で出力されているので参照透過ではない defcalculateOldest(): Unit = { if(p1.age > p2.age) println(s"${p1.name} is oldest") else if(p2.age > p1.age) println(s"${p2.name} is oldest") else println("They are the same age") }
- 20. Separation of concerns 関心事の分離 defcalculateOldest(p1:Person, p2:Person):Unit = { if(p1.age > p2.age) println(s"${p1.name} is oldest") else if(p2.age > p1.age) println(s"${p2.name} is oldest") else println(s"They are the same age") }
- 21. Return values 戻り値を使うことでテストしやすくなった def calculateOldest(p1:Person, p2: Person): Option[Person] = if(p1.age > p2.age) Some(p1) else if(p2.age > p1.age) Some(p2) else None
- 22. We can stillsplit more さらに細かく分ける def result(maybePerson:Option[Person]): Unit = maybePerson match { case Some(Person(name, age)) => println(s"${p.name} is oldest") case None => println("They are the same age") }
- 23. A pure functioncore これでコアが純粋関数になった def calculateOldest(p1: Person, p2: Person): Option[Person] def result(maybePerson: Option[Person]): String = maybePerson.map { case Person(name, age) => s"${name} is the oldest" } getOrElse "They are the same age" def combine(p1: Person, p2: Person): Unit = println(result(calculateOldest(p1,p2)))
- 24.