Git Init (Introduction to Git)

$ git init
Intro to Git and GitHub
Big thanks to Krish Chowdhary (GDSC Alumni) for allowing us to re-use some of his old slides!

If you haven’t already installed it… (~8 min)
Creating GitHub Account: github.com/join
Download Git for...
Windows: git-scm.com/download/win
Linux:
● sudo apt install git-all (if you use a Debian-based Linux)
● OR sudo dnf install git-all (if you use a Red Hat-based Linux)
MacOS:
● git-scm.com/download/mac
● OR type brew install git in your terminal (if you have homebrew)

Some icebreaker questions in the meantime
1. What year are you in?
2. What POSt are you in or planning on pursuing?
3. Have you ever used Git before?
4. What is your favourite programming language?
5. Any questions for us? 😄

Collaboration
Version control
More

● Git is a version control system
● A software that you interact with through your
terminal/command line
● Allows you to keep track of changes made to
your project
● Facilitates effective collaboration for multiple
individuals working on one project

Ever done something like this?
A better way? use Git

● A website that is the central location on the internet
where you push (upload) and pull (download) code from
● From there people can view the project and its version
history and starting contributing to it
● Think of it as a super advanced Google Drive
● Let’s take a look at an example GitHub repository:
github.com/utmmcss/mcss-website-frontend
● Repository: the collection of all the versions of the files in a
project
●
What is GitHub?

Git != GitHub
Git is a command line tool. GitHub is a website

GitHub Diagram
Milind’s PC
Daniel’s PC Nivy’s PC

Hands-on activity: forking and clon(e)ing (~5min)
Your task:
1. Visit github.com/Daniel-Laufer/GDSCUTM-git-workshop
2. Click the “Fork” button
○ This will create a copy of this repository where your GitHub account is the owner
3. Then in your terminal (on your local computer) type: git clone <your forked repository url>.git
○ This will essentially download your repository from GitHub to your computer
4. Type: ls (first letter is a lowercase ‘L’). This command lists out everything in your current directory
○ You will see a new directory listed (aka a folder)
5. Type: cd <the name of this new directory> to “move” into that directory
Don’t forget the .git suﬃx
Remove the “<>” before using

Version control basics with Git

1. Staging & Committing
edit save

1. Staging & Committing “Main” git branch
Initial
commit

edit
“Main” git branch
Initial
commit

edit save
Initial
commit
“main” git branch

edit save
add
Initial
commit

edit save
commit
add
Initial
commit
New
commit

Hold up… what’s a commit again?
It’s simply a change to your project that git records in its
version history.

Staging & Committing
1st
commit
2nd
commit

1st
commit
2nd
commit
3rd
commit

3rd
commit
4th
commit
2nd
commit
1st
commit

Initial
Save
New
Save
New
Save
New
Save
New
Save

1st
commit
2nd
commit
3rd
commit
4th
commit
5th
commit

Hands-on activity: adding & committing (~5 min)
Instructions (ensure you are in the directory we downloaded last time)
1. Type git status
○ Git should tell you that everything is up to date
2. On your computer, make a change to any of the files and save that file
3. Now again type git status
○ You should see that git saw the change you just made
4. Type git add <your filename>
○ This will “stage” or in other words “prepare” your file for commiting
5. Type git commit -m “<whatever message you want goes here :)>”
○ This will tell git to “save” your file modifications in its version history
6. Type git log to see a list of your recent commits
7. (Optional) type git push to “push”, or in other words upload, your changes to your github

Hands On!
10 minutes
$ cd into the repository
$ Open index.html and
make some changes
$ git status
$ git add index.html
$ git commit -m “msg”
$ git log

Git branches
● Think of Git’s version history as a tree (the weird CS type of tree)
● Git branches are basically “independent lines/sections of
development”
c2
c1
c5
c3 c4
Branch #1
Branch #2

Why use Branches?
Example: a diﬀerent branch used for diﬀerent versions
of a codebase
c2
c1
c5
c3 c4
“main” branch
“dev” branch

Another example
Using a separate branch to develop a new feature.
c2
c1
c5
c3 c4
“main” branch
“create_cat_pic_api” branch

How are branches used? Continued
Example: a diﬀerent branch used for diﬀerent versions
of a codebase
c2
c1
c5
c3 c4
“Production” branch
“Development” branch

Branches
Initial
Commit
2nd
Commit
3rd
Commit
4th
Commit
5th
Commit

Merging
● To “merge” your current branch with
another you use the command git
merge <other branch name>
● Git will intelligently combine all changes
from that one branch with another
● foreshadowing: Git might have some
trouble doing this sometimes :(

Hands-on activity: Branching and Merging
Instructions (ensure you are in the directory we used last time)
1. Type git branch
○ This will tell you what branch you are currently using
2. Type git branch <some name> to create a new branch
3. Type git switch <some name> to switch to this new name (redo step 1 to confirm this!)
○ Note: git checkout <some name> does the same thing but is the old way of doing it
4. Make some change to any file and git add <file name> and git commit <file name> that file
○ Note that these changes are only being committed to branch <some name>
5. Type git switch main
6. Type git merge <some name> (remember that main is the name of the other branch)

Hands On!
10 minutes
$ git branch demo
$ git checkout demo
$ change lines 10-24, add,
commit, log
$ git checkout master
$ make diﬀerent changes on
lines 10-24, add, and
commit, log - notice how
our last commit isn’t there?
$ git merge demo
$ uh-oh

Merge conﬂict when Merging goes wrong
main
new branch
Lines
10-24
Lines
10-24

main
branch2
...
Some arbitrary
number of prior
commits
git branch -c
branch2
Make an edit to
main.py, save,
add, commit

main
branch2
...
Some arbitrary
number of prior
commits
Modify LINE 9 of
ﬁle_actions.py,
save, add, commit
git branch -c
branch2
Make an edit to
main.py, save,
add, commit

main
branch2
...
Some arbitrary
number of prior
commits
git branch -c
branch2
Make an edit to
main.py, save,
add, commit
Modify LINE 9 of
ﬁle_actions.py,
save, add, commit
Modify LINE 9 of
ﬁle_actions.py,
save, add, commit

main
branch2
...
Some arbitrary
number of prior
commits
git branch -c
branch2
“updated
main.py”
git merge branch3
Modify LINE 9 of
ﬁle_actions.py,
save, add, commit
Modify LINE 9 of
ﬁle_actions.py,
save, add, commit

main
branch2
...
Some arbitrary
number of prior
commits
git branch -c
branch2
“updated
main.py”
git merge branch3
Modify LINE 9 of
file_actions.py,
save, add, commit
Modify LINE 9 of
file_actions.py,
save, add, commit
Successfully merged after
resolving all conflicts

main
branch2
...
Some arbitrary
number of prior
commits
“modified LINE 9
of file_actions.py”
git branch -c
branch2
“updated
main.py”
“modified LINE 9
of file_actions.py”
“resolved all conflicts
and merged”

Merge Conflict
5 minutes
$ open up the index.html file
and scroll to line 10
$ You should see some text
generated by git
$ Fix the conflict.
$ git add index.html
$ git commit -m “merged”

How does this all work with GitHub?

GitHub Repository Local Repository

git pull

git push

git merge <branch name>

GitHub Repository
Local Repository
git push

What we talked
about today
1. Cloning/Forking
3. Branches
4. Merging
5. Pushing & Pulling

Other useful Git commands, concepts, and tools
● Rebasing:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Mh259hfxJg
● Making pull requests:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lGpZkjnkt4
● Git kraken: a GUI for Git
○ https://www.gitkraken.com/

Thank you all so much for coming!

Before you go...
● Would you like to join the GDSC team? We are hiring! Please apply here (deadline
Friday Sept 24th at midnight)
○ https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfsTcH9VLxIDb4r3Alv0wWT2s60lK
W-fAifeafe5E77BKJCQg/viewform
● What workshops would you like to see in the future? Please let us know here!
○ https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScYpTz67WMiHqXYgH5uPobtSxry
oww7yCchmF9goagGFZxEzg/viewform

The “Intro to web development, HTML/CSS, and Javascript workshop!”
● October 2nd at 4 pm
● Milind will be leading that workshop!
We hope to see you next time at….

Git Init (Introduction to Git)

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Git Init (Introduction to Git)

More from GDSC UofT Mississauga

Recently uploaded

In this document

Git Init (Introduction to Git)