![Managing a GitHub Repository
(Command Line)
This guide assumes you are using Windows as an Operating System. Git is
available for other platforms, but the installation will differ. Once you have Git
installed, the "Using Git" section is universal.
Get Git
Go to https://git-scm.com/ and download Git for your OS (Windows was used for this
guide with Git version 2.11.0)
Pick your architecture (I recommend against the portable version unless you
know what you are doing) [64-Bit was used for this guide].
Run the installer you downloaded
"Git-2.11.0.3-64-bit.exe" was used for this guide.
You can simply leave everything as default in the installation procedure. If you
change settings, you will need to account for them later in this guide.
1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/githubbasics-170217015603/85/GitHub-Basics-Derek-Bable-17-320.jpg)
![Managing a GitHub Repository
(Command Line)
This guide assumes you are using Windows as an Operating System. Git is
available for other platforms, but the installation will differ. Once you have Git
installed, the "Using Git" section is universal.
Get Git
Go to https://git-scm.com/ and download Git for your OS (Windows was used for this
guide with Git version 2.11.0)
Pick your architecture (I recommend against the portable version unless you
know what you are doing) [64-Bit was used for this guide].
Run the installer you downloaded
"Git-2.11.0.3-64-bit.exe" was used for this guide.
You can simply leave everything as default in the installation procedure. If you
change settings, you will need to account for them later in this guide.
1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/githubbasics-170217015603/75/GitHub-Basics-Derek-Bable-17-2048.jpg)
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GitHub Basics - Derek Bable
- 1. GitHub Basics Derek Babel2017 spring Github: DerekBable
- 2. GitHub Basics - HOWTO SET UP A GITHUB ACCOUNT AND ADD THE STUDENT DEVELOPER PACK (WHICH GRANTS UNLIMITED FREE PRIVATE REPOSITORIES). - SOME BASIC TERMINOLOGY - SOME BASIC TUTORIALS ON HOW TO MANAGE GITHUB REPOSITORIES, BOTH ON THE WEB AND WITH THE COMMAND LINE.
- 3. Some Terminology Repository A sort of "file system" with version control in which files can be uploaded to. Local Repository A repository that exists on a computer's (your computer's) hard drive. Remote Repository A repository that exists on a server's (in this case, GitHub's servers) storage. Private Repository A remote repository that is not browsable on GitHub.com by anyone except the repository owner and contributors (as defined by the owner) of the repository. Public Repository A remote repository that is browsable on GitHub.com by anyone, but the owner or contributors must approve commits to the repository.
- 4. Creating a GitHubAccount and Adding the Student Developer Pack Go to GitHub.com In the text boxes in the middle of the screen, enter the following information: Pick a username: the user name you want associated with your GitHub account, as well as displayed with any commits you make to repositories. Your email address: the email you want associated with your account (you can use your YSU email, but you don't have to), also shown on commits. Password: the password you want associated with your account. 1
- 6. Creating a GitHubAccount and Adding the Student Developer Pack On the "Choose your personal plan" page, leave "Unlimited public repositories for free" checked, click continue. Enter information relevent to you and click next, or click "Skip this step" 2
- 8. Creating a GitHubAccount and Adding the Student Developer Pack Go to https://education.github.com/pack, click "Get your pack" Click "Yes, I'm a student" Enter the information as it applies to you, click "Submit Request" If you did not use your YSU email for your GitHub account, you will need to follow the steps to add it as a contact for your GitHub account. You should receive an email saying that your account was upgraded with the Student Developer Pack. You can now create private repositories. Note, this may take some time. It took a few hours for me, but can take days. 3
- 9. Creating a NewGitHub Repository Go to GitHub.com and sign in with your account username and password Click "Start a Project" Select the options you want for your repository, click "Create Repository" You should initialize your project with a readme if creating a new repository. The readme displays on the main page of your repository. 1
- 11. Creating a NewGitHub Repository After clicking create, you just made your initial commit to your repository. Now, you can manage your repository on the Web, or using Git on the command line. 2
- 12. Some Terminology (Git) Commits Commits are the way in which you update changes to files in your repository. After making a change to a file, you need to commit it in order for the changes to be reflected in your repository. Push Push refers to pushing committed changes from your local repository to your server repository. IF you don't have any changes committed in your local repository and you try to push, nothing will happen. Pull Pull refers to pulling changes from a remote repository to your local repository. 1
- 13. Some Terminology (Git) Merge Conflicts / Conflicts Conflicts arise when multiple commits have been made to a file which conflict with eachother. Conflicts can be carefully resolved as to make sure the files are in tact and correctly updated. You probably won't have many conflicts if you are the only one working on your repository. 2
- 14. Some Terminology (Git) Branches When you create a repository, you create one branch, the master branch. You can create other branches to keep a separate "folder" for other code. By convention, the Master Branch is supposed to be an always working code branch. If you branch from Master, you get a copy of the content's of Master into the branch you just created. Branching is done to add new or experimental features to existing code in a way that does not ruin the main branch of code. Pull Requests You can generate a pull request to pull a branch into master. 3
- 15. Managing a GitHubRepository (Web) Commits on the Web If you edit a file on GitHub.com, you can simply choose to commit and push the file to the branch you are in at the bottom of the file editor page. Pushing and Pulling on the Web Depending on how you are changing files on the Web, remember, you are working with the remote repository, so once you commit a change, your repository is immediately updated with the change, you do not need to push in this case. You can create pull requests on the Web to pull branches into one another. 1
- 16. Managing a GitHubRepository (Web) Adding Collaborators to a Repository When at the main page of a repository you own, you can add collaborators by clicking the '+' icon in the top right of the page and click "New Collaborator" You will then enter the username of the person's GitHub account that you want to add. You probably want to add Dr. Yu, his username is: fenggeorgeyu 2
- 17. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line) This guide assumes you are using Windows as an Operating System. Git is available for other platforms, but the installation will differ. Once you have Git installed, the "Using Git" section is universal. Get Git Go to https://git-scm.com/ and download Git for your OS (Windows was used for this guide with Git version 2.11.0) Pick your architecture (I recommend against the portable version unless you know what you are doing) [64-Bit was used for this guide]. Run the installer you downloaded "Git-2.11.0.3-64-bit.exe" was used for this guide. You can simply leave everything as default in the installation procedure. If you change settings, you will need to account for them later in this guide. 1
- 18. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line) You will notice that there are multiple programs that were installed relating to Git: 1) Git GUI: A graphical interface for creating, cloning, and opening repositories. 2) Git CMD: A command line (Windows) type interface for using Git. 3) Git Bash: A Unix type interface for using Git. Here, I will use Git Bash, but Git CMD works very similarly. If using Linux, use one of the following commands to install Git based on your Linux Distribution: Debian/Ubuntu sudo apt-get install git (or, if you are root, simply: apt-get install git) 2
- 19. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line) Linux Fedora yum install git (up to Fedora 21) dnf install git (Fedora 22 and later) Gentoo emerge --ask --verbose dev-vcs/git Arch Linux pacman -S git openSUSE zypper install git 3
- 20. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line) FreeBSD cd /usr/ports/devel/git make install Solaris 9/10/11 (OpenCSW) pkgutil -i git Solaris 11 Express pkg install developer/versioning/git OpenBSD pkg_add git Alpine apk add git 4
- 21. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Cloning a Repo Git Bash (Cloning a Repository) Assuming that you created a repository online, you can now use Git to clone your repository to your computer's hard drive. Open Git Bash Git Bash uses Unix (Linux, Ubuntu, etc) type commands (i.e. ls, mkdir, etc.) On open, Git Bash will put you into your C:Users**YourUserName folder. Create a new folder here (either with Windows Explorer or...) by typing "mkdir 'nameOfFolder', where 'nameOfFolder' is the name of the folder you want to create. For this guide, I used "mkdir MyRepository" 5
- 22. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Cloning a Repo Now, we can clone a remote repository into our local repository (which will be located in the directory we just created) Type: "git clone {pathToRemoteRepository} ./MyRepository" Here, {pathToRemoteRepository} will be the URL of the repository from GitHub you want to clone, for example: https://github.com/DerekBable/CTL-Main- Server For this guide, I used: "git clone https://github.com/DerekBable/CTL-Main- Server ./MyRepository/" If necessary, you will be asked for GitHub credentials to clone the repository. 6
- 24. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Cloning a Repo Now, "cd" into the repository: "cd MyRepository" You will notice some extra text at the end of your current line in Command Line that says "~/MyRepository (master)" This means your current directory is identified as a repository, and you are currently in the master branch. 7
- 26. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line) While in a repository directory on your machine, you can use Git to manage your local repository and push it to your remote repository. 8
- 27. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Pull First, it's a good idea to pull any changes made since the last time you pulled to your local repository. To do this, type "git pull" If the local and remote repositories are in sync already, you will get a return of "Already up-to-date" 9
- 28. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Create/Edit Files To create or edit files in a local repository, you can simply use File Explorer, command line, or whatever means you wish, your local repository is essentially the same as a normal directory on your machine. For example, open up your repository's directory in your File Explorer and create a new file in it. For this guide, I created a new text document "Test.txt" 10
- 30. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Adding Files IMPORTANT: If you create a new file or folder like this, you need to add that folder or file to Git. To do this, type "git add fileName.ext" where fileName.ext is the file name and extension of the file you just created. For this guide, using the above example, "git add Test.txt" 11
- 31. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Deleting Files If you just delete a file in File Explorer, Git will not stop tracking the file, the file will just simply be removed from your local repostiory and not your remote repository. To remove a file from Git and get it to stop tracking the file (so you can actally commit the removed file), use "git rm" instead. For example, "git rm Test.txt" 12 Managing a GitHub Repository (Command Line): Adding Files
- 32. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Committing After you have changed your local repository in some way (adding, removing, or editing a file) you need to commit your changes to the repository, then push them to the remote repository. To do this, make some changes to your repository (i.e. adding a file in the above step) then type "git commit -m {someShortMessageAboutWhatYouDid}" The "-m" flag adds a message to your commit. It is good practice to include a message with every commit you do. For example, "git commit -m "Created Test.txt file." 13
- 33. Managing a GitHubRepository (Command Line): Push After commiting changes to your local repository, you need to push those changes to the remote repostiory. To do this, type "git push“ Now, if you go to your repository on the web, you will see your commited changes take effect in your remote repository. 14
- 34. Important Notes Youshould almost always pull before you start working with your repository. In almost every case, you need to commit before you push (or else no changes will be reflected). Creating a new file in a File Explorer requires you to add the file to Git after creation using “git add {file}” Deleting a file in a File Explorer will not remove the file from Git, instead, use Git Bash and use “git rm {file}”