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Introduction to computer programming.pdf
- 1. Diploma in SoftwareEngineering PROGRAMMING DESIGN TECHNIQUES AND PROGRAMMING DSE004
- 2. Intended Learning Outcomes Explain theevolution of programming languages and concepts Demonstrate the different types of programming techniques and their elements Distinguish the structured programming and object- oriented programming Apply deferent error handling techniques By the end of this course module, students should be able to:
- 3. 30 Hours Practical Hours 60hours Lecture Hours
- 4. Essay type questionpaper End Semester Evaluation Continuous Assessments (3) Practical Assignments (1) Continuous Evaluation
- 5. INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING Programming DesignTechniques and Programming Hasanka Wijesinghe MIT, B.Sc
- 6. Content What is programminglanguage? What is a computer program? Computer programming types Flow charts Pseudo codes
- 7. A program isa set of instructions in a programming language given to a computer to perform some useful task What is a computer program?
- 8. • A programminglanguage is a formalized set of rules, symbols, and syntax used to create instructions or code that can be executed by a computer. • It enables humans to communicate with computers by providing a structured way to express algorithms, logic, and data manipulations, which are then translated into machine-readable instructions for computation. What is programming language? Ex: Java, PHP, C++, Python, HTML
- 9. Why do weneed to learn a Programming language? • A computer is just a machine. It can't do anything by itself; it needs our guidance • So in order to be able to make it work we need to give it specific instructions. • Programming Language types ⚬ Machine Language / Machine Code ⚬ Low-level Language ⚬ High-level Language
- 11. Machine Language /Machine Code • Machine language is the lowest-level programming language and consists of binary code, which directly corresponds to the machine code instructions executed by a computer's central processing unit (CPU). • Each instruction is represented by a series of binary digits, which makes it difficult for humans to read and write directly.
- 12. Low-level Language /Assembly Language • Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonics (abbreviations) to represent individual machine code instructions. • It is more human-readable than machine language but still closely tied to the computer's architecture. • Assembly language programs need to be translated into machine code through an assembler.
- 13. High-level Language • High-levelprogramming languages are languages designed to be more user- friendly • Abstracted from the underlying hardware architecture • These languages are closer to human language than machine code or low-level languages. • High-level languages need to be translated into machine code before they can be executed by the computer. For it use ⚬ Interpreter ⚬ Compiler
- 14. • Translation Process ⚬A compiler translates the entire source code of a program into machine code or an intermediate code in a single batch. This results in the creation of an executable file. • Execution ⚬ Separate Execution: The compiled program can be executed repeatedly without the need for recompilation unless changes are made to the source code. Compiler • Performance ⚬ Compilers often perform various optimizations during the compilation process, aiming to generate efficient machine code.
- 15. • Translation Process ⚬Line-by-Line Execution: translates and executes the source code line by line or statement by statement, without generating an independent executable file. • Execution ⚬ Immediate Execution: The program is executed immediately, and changes to the source code take effect without the need for a separate compilation step. Interpreter • Performance ⚬ Interpreted programs may be slower than their compiled counterparts because of the real-time translation during execution
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- 18. • This phaselays the foundation for the entire development process and ensures that the project aligns with organizational goals and client expectations • Main activities of this phase: ⚬ Understanding Requirements ⚬ Defining Project Scope ⚬ Setting Objectives and Goals ⚬ Resource Planning ⚬ Timeline and Milestone Planning ⚬ Risk Assessment ⚬ Communication Plan Planning
- 19. • The primarygoal of this phase is to define what the software should accomplish, laying the groundwork for the subsequent design and development stages • A critical stage where the development team works closely with stakeholders to understand and document the requirements of the software system Analysis • Main activities of this stage: ⚬ Requirement gathering analysis ⚬ Requirement Validation ⚬ Data Modeling ⚬ Feasibility Study
- 20. • The primarygoal of the Design phase is to create a comprehensive and organized plan that guides the development team in implementing the software solution. • Key aspects of the Design phase ⚬ System Architecture Design ⚬ Database Design ⚬ UI Design ⚬ Programming and Implementation Guidelines ⚬ Security Design ⚬ Integration Design ⚬ Error Handling and Logging ⚬ Performance Design Design
- 21. • The maingoal of the Implementation phase is to bring the design to life and create a functional software product. Implementation
- 22. • Testing helpsidentify and address defects, bugs, and other issues before the software is deployed to production. • The testing phase typically involves several levels and types of testing to comprehensively evaluate different aspects of the software. ⚬ Unit Testing ⚬ Integration Testing ⚬ System Testing ⚬ Performance Testing ⚬ Regression Testing ⚬ User Interface (UI) Testing ⚬ Compatibility Testing Testing
- 23. • In thisstage, finalized and tested software is released for use in the production environment. • This phase includes several key activities to ensure a smooth transition from development to live operation. ⚬ Release Planning ⚬ Environment Setup ⚬ Training ⚬ Backup and Rollback Plan ⚬ Post-Deployment Testing Deployment
- 24. • This phaserecognizes that software systems need to evolve, adapt to changing requirements, and address issues that may arise during operation. • Key activities of this stage ⚬ Bug Fixing ⚬ Updates and Enhancements ⚬ Security Updates ⚬ User Support ⚬ Version Control Maintenance and Support
- 25. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 26. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 27. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 28. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 29. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 30. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 31. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 32. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 33. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 34. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Mo • V-Model • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 35. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Mo • V-Model • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 36. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 37. • Waterfall Model •Iterative Model • Spiral Model • V-Model (Verification and Validation Model) • Incremental Model • Agile Model SDLC Models
- 39. • Project Manager •Product Owner • Scrum Master • Business Analyst • Architect • Developers/Programmers • Quality Assurance (QA) Engineer/Tester • User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) Designers • Database Administrator (DBA) Software Development Team
- 40. • An algorithmis a step-by-step procedure or a set of rules designed to perform a specific task or solve a particular problem. • It is essentially a well-defined sequence of instructions that, when executed, achieves a desired outcome. • Algorithms serve as the foundation for writing computer programs and are crucial for solving problems, processing data, and performing various computational tasks. What is an algorithm?
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- 45. • Pseudocode isa way to represent an algorithm or a program using a mix of natural language and programming language-like constructs • It's not tied to any specific programming language, but it helps to convey the logic and structure of the code What is pseudo code? Start Input a a = 1 if a<=5 print a a = a+1 else break End
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