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Introduction to FOSS
Free and open source software (FOSS) refers to software that is available for use, modification, and sharing without restriction and often without cost. There are two major philosophies behind FOSS - the Free Software Foundation's focus on freedom and liberty, and the Open Source Initiative's focus on open collaboration and transparency. FOSS provides users the four essential freedoms: to run the program for any purpose, study and change the program, redistribute copies, and improve the program and share improvements with others. FOSS has a long history dating back to the 1980s with projects like GNU and the development of the Linux kernel. It offers significant cost savings over proprietary software and promotes collaboration and innovation through its open development model.
Introduction to FOSS
- 1. An Introduction toFOSS Uditha Bandara Ambassador – Fedora Project Infrastructure Team Member – Fedora Project Manager (Initiatives) - FOSS User Academia udinnet@fedoraproject.org
- 2. What is your favoriteFREE SOFTWARE?
- 3. What is FOSS? •What does 'free' mean? • Does providing source make it Open Source? • Who makes FOSS? Why do they do it? • Is FOSS just for fanatics and hobbyists? • Can you make money with FOSS? • Does FOSS make for better software?
- 4. What is FOSS? Definitions "Freesoftware" is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of "free" as in "free speech," not as in "free beer" - Richard Stallman (FSF)
- 5. What is FOSS? Definitions Theword "free" in our name does not refer to price; it refers to freedom. • First, the freedom to copy a program and redistribute it to your neighbors, so that they can use it as well as you. •Second, the freedom to change a program, so that you can control it instead of it controlling you; for this, the source code must be made available to you - Free Software Foundation (FSF), Feb 1986
- 6. The FOSS philosophy Twomajor philosophies • Free Software Foundation (FSF) philosophy • Open Source Initiative (OSI) philosophy
- 7. The Four Freedoms •The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). • The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. • The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). • The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements (and modified versions in general) to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. - Richard Stallman (FSF)
- 8. Facets of FOSS •Some see it as a resource • Some see it as an ethical choice • Some see it as a technical choice • Some see it as the enemy • Some see it as just another type of software What is FOSS for you?
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- 11. Small Story cont… •Open recipe • No cost for the recipe • Recipe is licensed under General Public License (GPL) • Anybody can make the drink, modify and improve.
- 12. Small Story cont… http://www.wikihow.com/Make-OpenCola
- 13. FOSS: A Bitof history
- 14. FOSS: A Bitof history Free Software GNU/Linux Foundation Netscape GNU? Navigator (1998) Richard Matthew GNU-GPL Stallman or “rms” Open Source “hacker” culture Initiative
- 15. The GNU Project •Announced on September 27, 1983 • Richard Stallman was the founder • GNU’s Not Unix • Initiated GNU OS development in January, 1984 • GNU OS’s Kernel gap was filled by the third party Linux kernel, built by Linus Torvalds ,1991 Handsome GNU Head Typical beard Smart-looking curly horns
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- 17. Is FOSS free? Let us consider it again… • “free of charge” to a certain degree it is true , • But there are non-free FOSS (Free/Open Source Software) • Licensing cost may be there • Open Source • 99.9% of the time they are cheaper than proprietary software
- 18. What is Linux? •“Linux” was the name of the kernel created by Linus Torvalds. • Unix-like Operating System • Kernel; heart of an Operating System • Runs on wide variety of hardware • Nowadays Linux
- 19. Is Linux FOSS? •FOSS Kernel (http://www.kernel.org) , Licensed under GPL • Lot of distributions with different components • Some components may not be FOSS
- 20. GNU and Linux •Misunderstanding between Linux kernel and “Linux” • Linus Torvalds didn’t wrote whole “Linux” • “Linux” is only ~3% of the OS • Pure Unix-like OS was GNU • All the “Linux” based distros are modified versions of GNU
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- 22. Strong idea fromSmall Calculation Microsoft Solution Software Cost Software Copies Cost Kaspersky Antivirus 50 $900 MS Internet Information Server 2 $0 MS Windows Server 2008 5 $19,995 MS Commerce Server 1 $12,333 MS ISA Standard Server 1 $1,499 MS SQL Server 1 $4,999 MS Exchange Standard Server 1 $1,299 Window 7 Professional 50 $14,950 MS Visual Studio 3 $3,237 MS Office 50 $23,950 Adobe Photoshop 2 $1,218 Additional Client Access License 30 $2,010 Total $86,390
- 23. Strong idea fromSmall Calculation FOSS Solution Software Cost Software Copies Cost Linux Enterprise Server Distribution (CentOS 6.2) Any # $0 Apache (Web Server) Any # $0 Squid (Proxy Server) Any # $0 MySQL (Database Server) Any # $0 Iptables (Firewall) Any # $0 Sendmail/Postfix (Mail Servers) Any # $0 Qt SDK / GTK + (IDE & FW) Any # $0 GIMP (Graphics) Any # $0 Libre Office Any # $0 OSCommerce (c-Commerce suite) Any # $0 Total $0
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- 26. Re Licensing AL LGPL/MPL GPL
- 27. Advantages of FOSS •Reduced duplication of effort • Building upon the work of others • Better quality control • Reduced maintenance cost
- 28. Visit, User & Learn http://www.gnu.org http://www.opensource.org http://www.kernel.org http://www.fsf.org
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