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Open Source Software Concepts
The document discusses the concepts of free and open source software, including definitions, key organizations such as the Free Software Foundation and Open Source Initiative, and the various freedoms associated with each. It lists numerous categories of software that fall under free and open source, alongside the licenses associated with them, particularly the GNU General Public License and its implications for proprietary development. Additionally, it addresses legal aspects surrounding open source software compliance and instances of litigation related to licensing violations.
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Open Source Software Concepts
- 1. Free and OpenSource Software Jitendra Lenka L&T Technology services, Mysore
- 2. Warm Up Isit Free Software? Is it Open Source Software ? Is it both Free and Open Source Software ?
- 3. Warm Up Does OpenSource Software mean? Download source code and study the code flow. Modify source code as per your need Create your own proprietary s/w. and sell it
- 4. Warm Up In below,all three organizations are same or different; Free Software Foundation Open Source Initiative Open Source Foundation
- 5. Some of knownfree/open source software
- 6. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Artificial Intelligence CAD Finance Image Editor Mathematics Science Molecular Dynamics Molecular Viewer Nanotechnology Plotting Statistics Speech Recognition
- 7. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Database Data mining Enterprise search engine File Archivers File Systems Network and Internet Advertising Communication Related E-Mail File Transfer Instant Messaging IRC Clients
- 8. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Middleware Portal Server Remote Access and Management Routing Software Web Browsers Webcam Web related Educational Suites Learning support Language Typing Games
- 9. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Application Layer Desktop environments Window managers Content management system Wiki software Healthcare software 2D animation 3D animation Audio editor and management CD-Writing software Flash Animation Graphics
- 10. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Image viewer Television Video converters Video editing Video encoders Video players OS Emulation and Virtualization Password management Personal info. managers Bug trackers Personal language support
- 11. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Code generators Configuration software Debuggers IDEs Version Control Systems Screen savers Security Anti-Virus Data loss prevention Data recovery Forensics Disk erasing
- 12. Free/open source softwarefor all Category Encryption Disk encryption Firewall Network and security monitoring Secure Shell (SSH) Bible study tools General directories
- 13. Introduction Free Software Foundation Freedomto run the software, to study and change the software, and to redistribute copies with or without changes. Open Source Initiative Freedom to run the software, to study and change the software, and to redistribute copies with or without changes.
- 14. Man behind FreeSoftware Foundation • Free Software by Mr. Richard Stallman
- 15. Man behind OpenSource Initiative Open Source Software by Mr. Bruce Perens and Mr. Eric Raymond
- 16. Free Software Foundation(FSF) FormationDate : 10-04-1985 Type : Non Profit Organisation President : Richard Stallman H.Q : Boston, Massachusetts, USA Motto : Free Software, Free Society Web : www.fsf.org
- 17. Free Software Foundation(FSF) FSFgives mainly 4 freedom to user ◦ Freedom to run ◦ Freedom to study and adapt it to one’s need ◦ Freedom to redistribute copies to help others ◦ Freedom to distributing copies of one’s modified version. http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
- 18. Open Source Initiative FormationDate : Feb, 1998 Type : Non Profit Organization President : Simon Phipps H.Q : USA Motto : Free Software, Free Society Web : www.opensource.org
- 19. Unix & LinuxFamily
- 20. Open Source Licenses Itmakes easy for others to contribute to a project without having to seek special permission. It also protects you as the original creator. It also helps to prevent others from claiming your work as their own. GNU General Public License BSD License MIT License Apache License
- 21. BSD & Apache– free Software Licenses Freedom to user Allow to make proprietary s/w
- 22. GNU – GeneralPublic License (GPL) & copy left Major contribution from the GNU project Copyleft license use copyright laws ; Modified versions are free software too. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/copyleft.html GNU GPL requires that modifications and derived works are GPL too. ◦ Only applies to released software ◦ Any program using GPL code (either by static or dynamic linking) is considered as an extension of the code. ◦ Linux used GPL license ◦ GPL FAQ: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html
- 23. How to createproprietary out of Linux open source code 1. Start proprietary s/w from a clean code base • Ensure that proprietary code does not build upon any open source code. • You remain clear of the “derivative clause” found in the GPL. • Derived work must typically be made open source under the same term as the original code. • But proprietary code that merely interfaces to open source code is not derivative. Link to video by Richard Stallman: http://gplv3.fsf.org/static/release/rms_gplv3_launch _high_quality.ogg
- 24. How to createproprietary out of Linux open source code 2. Use only LGPL(Lesser General Public License) Libraries • Any code that link to a GPL (statically or dynamically) needs to be released under GPL. • Under LGPL, developer can link to open source code in either way without being bound to release their application’s code. • Key Linux libraries are licensed under LGPL.
- 25. How to createproprietary out of Linux open source code 3. Don’t modify the interface to the Linux kernel • Under GPL, avoid to modify monolithic portion of Linux kernel • However, that if your appliction requires that you make changes to the kernel, only those changes made public. • You can still keep your application code proprietary, provided that they simply interface with the kernel via Linux’s standard system call.
- 26. Open Source Licenses Fromthe open source initiatives(OSI) http://opensource.org/ OSI has its own definition similar to Free Software http://opensource.org/docs/definition.ph p List of licenses approved by the OSI http://opensource.org/licenses/
- 27. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE-COMPARISON
- 28. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARELITIGATION AGAINST YEAR LICENSE About RULING Dlink 2001 GPLv2 GPL Binding Dlink lost Fortinet UK Ltd 2005 GPLv2 compliance Fortinet Lost Gigabyte Technology Co. Ltd, TomTom 2004 GPLv2 compliance Settled Sitecom 2004 GPLv2 compliance Sitecom lost Skype 2008 GPLv2 Compliance/source code access Skype Lost AutoZone, Daimler Chrysler, IBM 2003- 2004 GPLv2 IP infringements Trade secrets contact breach Settled Cisco 2008 GPLv2, and LGPL 2 compliance Settled
- 29. License violation How shortmay a copy be to be still considered a violation? ◦ 54 LOC (out of 160 KLOC) may be sufficient if they are essential for the operation of a program. Binary Analysis Tool (BAT), a system for code clone detection in binaries. Given a binary, such as a firmware image, it attempts to detect cloning of code from repositories of packages in source and
- 30. Open Source ProjectRepository Name URL SourceForge http://sourceforge.net/ freshmeat http://freshmeat.net/ Debian http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/ Apache Software Foundation http://apache.org/ CPAN http://cpan.org/ CRAN http://cran.r-project.org/ BerliOS Developer http://developer.berlios.de/ Open Source Scripts http://opensourcescripts.com/ GNU Savannah http://savannah.gnu.org/ OpenSymphony http://www.opensymphony.com/ Koders http://koders.com/ ObjectWeb http://objectweb.org/ JBoss http://jboss.com/ PEAR http://pear.php.net/ JSAN http://openjsan.org/ CodePlex http://www.codeplex.com/ Free Software Directory http://directory.fsf.org/ Ohloh http://ohloh.net/ TuxFamily http://project.tuxfamily.org/ OSOR.eu http://www.OSOR.eu/ Launchpad http://www.launchpad.net/ RubyForge http://rubyforge.org/ — http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_software_project_directories
- 31. Tool to detectlicense violation Commercial Tool: BitMatch (S.A.F.E.) http://www.safe-corp.biz/ Comparison of binary files of contained strings CodeMatch (S.A.F.E.) http://www.safe-corp.biz/ Correlation of statements, comments and identifiers in files (Zeidman, 2007, 2008) Protex (Black Duck Software), http://www.blackducksoftware.com/ File comparison via hashing? Protecode System 4 (Protecode) http://www.protecode.com/ File comparison (binary + source) via hashing? SIMILE workshop (ESALAB), http://www.esalab.com/ (Service) Comparison of identifiers, syntax, and semantics (details unknown) in object code
- 32. Document for licenseviolation Clone detection
- 33.