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Introduction to git hub
- 2. What is Git? Gitis a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. Created by Linus Torvalds to aid in Linux kernel development in 2005
- 3. History of Git •Linux used DVCS called BitKeeper • In 2005, Linux developers ran into BitKeeper licensing issue. • April 5, 2005 - Linus Torvalds sends out email showing first version. • June 15, 2005 - Git used for Linux version control Initial goals: Speed Support for non-linear development (thousands of parallel branches) Fully distributed Able to handle large projects like Linux efficiently
- 4. Version Control System Anapplication that allows you to record changes to your codebase in a structured and controlled fashion. A system that keeps records of your changes : • Allows for collaborative development • Allows you to know who made what changes and when • Allows you to revert any changes and go back to a previous state
- 5. Distributed v/s CentralizedVersion Control System
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- 7. Still what isGitHub ? • GitHub.com is a site for online storage of Git repositories • Founded in 2008 • Largest open source git hosting site • User-centric rather than project-centric • Hosts ‘remote repositories’ • Allows for code collaboration with anyone online • Adds extra functionality on top of git • UI, documentation, bug tracking, feature requests, pull requests, and more! • Octocat ! • Also has an Enterprise edition for businesses
- 8. Setting up Gitand GitHub
- 9. Setting up Git •Download and install the latest version of GitHub . This will automatically install Git and keep it up-to-date for you. • On your computer, open the Git Bash application. • Tell Git your name so your commits will be properly labelled. Type everything after the $ sign. • Tell Git the email address that will be associated with your Git commits. The email you specify should be the same one found in your email settings.
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- 11. Typical workflow Person A -Setupproject & repo -push code onto GitHub -edit/commit -edit/commit -pull/push Person B -clone code from GitHub -edit/commit/push -edit… -edit… commit -pull/push
- 13. Terminology • git -the shell command to work with Git • repo - the repository where the code for a given project is kept. • diff - difference between two versions of a file. • master - the repository's main branch. Depending on the work flow it is the one people work on or the one where the integration happens • clone - copies an existing git repository, normally from some remote location to your local environment. • commit - submitting files to the repository (the local one); in other VCS it is often referred to as "checkin" • fetch or pull - is like "update" or "get latest" in other VCS. The difference between fetch and pull is that pull combines both, fetching the latest code from a remote repo as well as performs the merging. • push - is used to submit the code to a remote repository • remote - these are "remote" locations of your repository, normally on some central server. • head - is a reference to the node to which our working space of the repository currently points.
- 14. Commands git init Initializes anew Git repository. If you want to place a project under revision control, this is the first command you need to learn git add Moves changes from the working directory to the staging area. This gives you the opportunity to prepare a snapshot before committing it to the official history. git branch This command is your general-purpose branch administration tool. It lets you create isolated development environments within a single repository. git checkout In addition to checking out old commits and old file revisions, git checkout is also the means to navigate existing branches. Combined with the basic Git commands, it’s a way to work on a particular line of development.
- 15. git log Lets youexplore the previous revisions of a project. It provides several formatting options for displaying committed snapshots. git commit Takes the staged snapshot and commits it to the project history. Combined with git add, this defines the basic workflow for all Git users. git push It lets you move a local branch to another repository, which serves as a convenient way to publish contributions. git pull It downloads a branch from a remote repository, then immediately merges it into the current branch. git status Displays the state of the working directory and the staged snapshot. You’ll want to run this in conjunction with git add and git commit to see exactly what’s being included in the next snapshot. git help Forgot a command? Type this into the command line to bring up the 21 most common git commands. You can also be more specific and type “git help init” or another term to figure out how to use and configure a specific git command.
- 16. What is SSH? SSHis a protocol used for secure network communication. Getting files from Github • Generate public/private keys • Distribute public keys (add key to Github) • Someone (GitHub) sends secure “message” (files) – they encode with public key • You receive the message/files – decode with private key (only you know) Putting files on GitHub • Process is reversed to send files to GitHub • You have the GitHub public key (see github_rsa.pub, in Documents and Settings/Cyndi/.ssh on my machine) • Use it to encode when sending • GitHub uses their private key to decode
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