Introduction to Information Technology - 1.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Defining the Foundation of IT
Session 1 – Definition, Hardware, & Software

WHAT IS INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY?

DEFINITION
I N F O R M AT I O N T E C H N O LO G Y ( I T ) I S
T H E U S E O F C O M P U T E RS A N D
T E C H N O LO G Y TO M A N A G E A N D
P R O C E S S D ATA .

WHAT IS IT?
• H A R D WA R E
• S O F T WA R E
• N E T WO R K S
• D ATA
• S E C U R I T Y
• S U P P O R T
• C LO U D C O M P U T I N G

EVOLUTION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• 1 9 4 0 S - 1 9 5 0 S T H E B I R T H O F M O D E R N C O M P U T I N G W I T H T H E D E V E L O P M E N T O F T H E F I R S T
E L E C T R O N I C C O M P U T E R S S U C H A S E N I A C A N D U N I V A C .
• 1 9 6 0 S - 1 9 7 0 S T H E E M E R G E N C E O F M A I N F R A M E C O M P U T E R S , W H I C H W E R E L A R G E , E X P E N S I V E
M A C H I N E S U S E D P R I M A R I LY B Y B I G O R G A N I Z AT I O N S F O R D ATA P R O C E S S I N G .
• 1 9 8 0 S T H E R I S E O F P E R S O N A L C O M P U T E R S ( P C S ) , S P U R R E D B Y C O M PA N I E S L I K E I B M A N D
A P P L E , M A K I N G C O M P U T I N G A C C E S S I B L E T O I N D I V I D U A L S A N D S M A L L B U S I N E S S E S .
• 1 9 9 0 S T H E I N T E R N E T B E C O M E S W I D E LY A V A I L A B L E T O T H E P U B L I C , L E A D I N G T O T H E
P R O L I F E R AT I O N O F W E B S I T E S , E M A I L , A N D O N L I N E S E R V I C E S .
• 2 0 0 0 S T H E A D V E N T O F S M A R T P H O N E S A N D M O B I L E C O M P U T I N G , E N A B L I N G P E O P L E T O A C C E S S
I N F O R M AT I O N A N D C O M M U N I C AT E O N T H E G O .
• 2 0 1 0 S T H E R A P I D G R O W T H O F C L O U D C O M P U T I N G , B I G D ATA A N A LY T I C S , A N D S O C I A L M E D I A ,
T R A N S F O R M I N G H O W I N F O R M AT I O N I S S T O R E D , P R O C E S S E D , A N D S H A R E D .
• 2 0 2 0 S C O N T I N U E D A D V A N C E M E N T S I N A R T I F I C I A L I N T E L L I G E N C E , M A C H I N E L E A R N I N G , A N D T H E
I N T E R N E T O F T H I N G S ( I O T ) , L E A D I N G T O G R E AT E R A U T O M AT I O N , C O N N E C T I V I T Y, A N D
I N N O V AT I O N I N I T S Y S T E M S A N D S E R V I C E S .

KEY COMPONENTS OF IT
1 . H A R D W A R E : P H Y S I C A L D E V I C E S S U C H A S
C O M P U T E R S , S E R V E R S , R O U T E R S , S W I T C H E S , A N D
S T O R A G E D E V I C E S .
2 . S O F T W A R E : P R O G R A M S A N D A P P L I C A T I O N S T H A T
R U N O N H A R D W A R E , I N C L U D I N G O P E R A T I N G
S Y S T E M S , P R O D U C T I V I T Y S O F T W A R E , D A T A B A S E S ,
A N D S P E C I A L I Z E D A P P L I C A T I O N S .
3 . N E T W O R K S : I N F R A S T R U C T U R E T H A T E N A B L E S
D E V I C E S T O C O M M U N I C A T E A N D S H A R E D A T A ,
I N C L U D I N G W I R E D A N D W I R E L E S S C O N N E C T I O N S ,
R O U T E R S , S W I T C H E S , A N D P R O T O C O L S .
4 . D A T A : I N F O R M A T I O N S T O R E D , P R O C E S S E D , A N D
T R A N S M I T T E D B Y I T S Y S T E M S , I N C L U D I N G
D A T A B A S E S , F I L E S , A N D M U L T I M E D I A C O N T E N T .
5 . S E C U R I T Y : M E A S U R E S A N D T E C H N O L O G I E S T O
P R O T E C T I T S Y S T E M S A N D D A T A F R O M
U N A U T H O R I Z E D A C C E S S , B R E A C H E S , A N D C Y B E R
T H R E A T S , I N C L U D I N G F I R E W A L L S , E N C R Y P T I O N ,
A N D A U T H E N T I C A T I O N S Y S T E M S .
6 . S U P P O R T : S E R V I C E S A N D P E R S O N N E L R E S P O N S I B L E
F O R M A I N T A I N I N G , T R O U B L E S H O O T I N G , A N D
U P G R A D I N G I T I N F R A S T R U C T U R E A N D R E S O L V I N G
U S E R I S S U E S .

HARDWARE
• Motherboard – The main circuit board.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The “brain” of the computer that
executes instructions and performs calculations.
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporarily stores data that the CPU
needs to access quickly.
• HDD (hard drive or storage device) – permanently stores data.
• GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) – Renders graphics and accelerating
certain computational tasks.
• Monitor – Displays information in pictorial (image) or textual form.
• Peripherals – External devices used to transfer information into and out
of a computer. Examples include; keyboard, speakers, headphones,
webcams, printers, USB flash drives, and many more.

DIFFERENTIATING SYSTEM &
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
S Y S T E M S O F T WA R E I S L I K E T H E W I Z A R D
B E H I N D T H E C U R TA I N , M A K I N G S U R E
E V E RY T H I N G I N YO U R C O M P U T E R WO R K S
S M O OT H LY, W H I L E A P P L I C AT I O N
S O F T WA R E A R E T H E F U N G A M E S A N D
H E L P F U L TO O L S YO U A C T UA L LY U S E TO D O
S T U F F L I K E W R I T E S TO R I E S O R P L AY
G A M E S .

COMMON TYPES
OF SOFTWARE
• Operating Systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux)
• Productivity Software (e.g., Microsoft Office, Google
Workspace)
• Web Browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari)
• Multimedia Software (e.g., Adobe Photoshop, VLC
Media Player)
• Antivirus Software (e.g., Norton, McAfee, Avast)
• Games and Entertainment Software (e.g., Minecraft,
Fortnite, Spotify)
• Communication Software (e.g., Skype, Zoom,
WhatsApp)
• Development Software (e.g., Visual Studio, Sublime
Text, Eclipse)
• Utility Software (e.g., WinRAR, CCleaner, Disk
Cleanup)
• Educational Software (e.g., Khan Academy, Duolingo,
Rosetta Stone)

HOMEWORK:
Come up with 5 ways that information technology affects/enhances your life.
Devon Meekis
dmeekis@matawa.on.ca

Introduction to Information Technology - 1.pptx

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